< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kes-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱes-
 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*kes- [1][2]

  1. to scrape, comb

Extensions
  • *ks-dʰh₁-[1]
    • *kés-dʰh₁-eh₂[3]
      • Germanic: *hezdǭ (“flax fibers”)[3] (see there for further descendants)
    • *kos-dʰh₁-ós[3]
      • Germanic: *hazdaz (“hair”)[3] (see there for further descendants)

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*kes-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *kes-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *kes-</a>
  • *kés-ti ~ *ks-énti (athematic root present)[2][3][4]
    • Anatolian: [Term?]
      • Luwian: 𒆠𒊭𒀭𒁕 (ki-ša-an-da, 3pl.pret.act.), 𒆠𒊭𒄠𒈠 (ki-ša-am-ma /kišama/, part.)
      • Hittite: 𒆠𒅖𒍣 (ki-iš-zi, “to comb, card”, 3sg.pres.act.)
  • *ks-néw-ti ~ *ks-nw-énti (*néw-present)[1][5][6] (see there for further descendants)
  • *kos-éye-ti (*éye-causative)[3]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Lithuanian: kàsti
      • Slavic: *česàti (“to scratch, comb”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
  • *kés-r̥ ~ *ks-én-s
  • (possibly) *kes-ró-m
    • Germanic: *hērą (“hair”) (see there for further descendants)
  • *kés-s ~ *ks-és
    • *kses- (reanalysed root)[1]
      • *ksés-ti (athematic present)[1][10]
        • Hellenic: *kséhō
          • Ancient Greek: ξέω (xéō, “to shave, carve, smooth, polish”)
  • *kés-u-s ~ *ks-éw-s
  • *kos-éh₂[3]
    • Albanian: *kaxā (“plaited hair”)[11]
      • Albanian: kezë (“woman’s head-dress, bonnet, hair-net”)
    • Balto-Slavic: *kasā́ˀ[12]
      • Latvian: kasa (“braid”)
      • Lithuanian: kasà (“braid”)
      • Old Prussian: kexti (“braided hair”)
      • Slavic: *kosà (“hair, braided hair”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *kos-eh₂-yé-ti ~ *kos-eh₂-yónti[2]
      • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
        • Latvian: kàsît
        • Lithuanian: kasýti
        • Slavic: *kasati[13] (see there for further descendants)
  • *kós-mo-s[14]
    • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
      • Slavic: *kosmъ[14] (see there for further descendants)
  • (possibly)[15] *kos-ó-s
    • Albanian: *kaxa (“ox”)[15]
      • Albanian: ka
Unsorted formations
  • Celtic: *kīsrā (“comb”) (possibly < *kēsrā < *kexsrā < *ke-ks-réh₂)[16]

References
  1. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “kes-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 585
  2. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*kes-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 357
  3. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hezdōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 225
  4. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “kiš-zi”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 557-558
  5. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “novācula”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 414-415
  6. Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*snawwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 461
  7. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kasti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
  8. Pokorny, Julius (1959), “ks-en-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 585
  9. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ksen-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 371
  10. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ξέω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1035
  11. Orel, Vladimir (2000) A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language, Leiden: Brill, page 61
  12. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kasa”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 230-231
  13. Derksen, Rick (2015), “kasyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
  14. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*kosmъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 238-239
  15. Orel, Vladimir (2000) A Concise Historical Grammar of the Albanian Language, Leiden: Brill, page 61
  16. Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*kīsrā”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 204
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