Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/xrьbьtъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Equivalent to the 0-grade of *xribъ (“hill”) +‎ *-ьtъ, likely from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kreybʰ- (“to scrape, to tear”). Akin to Lithuanian skriẽbti (“to rub, to scrub”), Proto-Germanic *hrībaną (“to scratch”), Proto-Italic *skreiβō (“to scribe”).

ESSJa draws comparison with Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scrape”) (from Proto-Indo-European *skreb-), suggesting that *xrьbьtъ and its cognates represent expressive enlargement ("эксперессивное преобразование" in Trubachyev own words) of the former root.

Noun

*xrьbьtъ m [1]

back, spine
Synonym: *gъrbъ
ridge
Synonyms: *xridъ, *bьrdo

Alternative forms

*xribьtъ
dial. *xribьcь

Declension

Declension of *xrьbь̀tъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*xrьbь̀tъ	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtì
Accusative	*xrьbь̀tъ	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtỳ
Genitive	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbь̀tъ
Locative	*xrьbьtě̀	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbь̀těxъ
Dative	*xrьbьtù	*xrьbьtòma	*xrьbьtòmъ
Instrumental	xrьbьtъ̀mь, xrьbьtòmь^*	*xrьbьtòma	*xrьbь̀ty
Vocative	*xrьbьte	*xrьbьtà	*xrьbьtì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*uščьrbъ (“damage, defect”)
*skъrbь (“starch, sorrow”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: хрыбе́т (xrybjét)
- Russian: хребе́т (xrebét)
- Rusyn: хырбет (xŷrbet)
- Ukrainian: хребе́т (xrebét)

South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic: хрьбьтъ (xrĭbĭtŭ)
  - Bulgarian: хръбе́т (hrǎbét)
- Macedonian: ’рбет (’rbet)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: хр̏бат
  
  Latin: hȑbat
- Slovene: hrbet

West Slavic:
- Czech: hřbet
- Kashubian: chrzëbt
- Old Polish: chrzept
  - Polish: grzbiet
- Slovak: chrbát
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kśebjat
  - Upper Sorbian: chribjet

References

Olander, Thomas (2001), “xrьbьtъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ryg, rygrad (PR 134)”

Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “хребе́т”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xribьtъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 96
Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1981), “*xrьbьtъ”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 08, Moscow: Nauka, page 107

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[1] Olander, Thomas (2001), “xrьbьtъ”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ryg, rygrad (PR 134)”