Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ležati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From earlier *legḗˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”). Morphologically *leg- +‎ *-ěti (“stative suffix”).

Verb

*ležàti impf [1][2]

to lie (be situated)

Conjugation

Conjugation of *ležati (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)

Suffix: *-ěti

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*ležanьje	*ležati	*ležatъ	*ležalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*ležanъ	*ležimъ
Active	*ležavъ	*ležę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ležaxъ	*leža	*leža	*ležǫ	*ležiši	*ležitь
Dual	*ležaxově	*ležasta	*ležaste	*leživě	*ležita	*ležite
Plural	*ležaxomъ	*ležaste	*ležašę	*ležimъ	*ležite	*ležętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*ležaaxъ	*ležaaše	*ležaaše	—	*leži	*leži
Dual	*ležaaxově	*ležaašeta	*ležaašete	*leživě	*ležita	—
Plural	*ležaaxomъ	*ležaašete	*ležaaxǫ	*ležimъ	*ležite	—

Related terms

*leťi (“to lie (down)”)
*lěgati (“to lie”)
*lȏgъ (“lair, riverbed”)
*lonò (“breast, lap”)

*lože (“bed”)
*ložesno (“womb”)
*ložìti (“to lay”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: ляжа́ць (ljažácʹ)
- Russian: лежа́ть (ležátʹ)
- Ukrainian: лежа́ти (ležáty)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: лежати (ležati)
  
  Glagolitic: [Term?]
- Bulgarian: лежа́ (ležá)
- Macedonian: лежи (leži)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: лѐжати
  
  Latin: lèžati
  - Chakavian (Vrgada): ležȁti
  - Chakavian (Orbanići): ležȁt
- Slovene: ležáti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ležěti
  - Czech: ležet, ležeti
- Polabian: lizĕ (3rd sg.)
- Old Polish: leżeć
  - Polish: leżeć
- Slovak: ležať
- Slovincian: lìe̯žĕc
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: ležeć
  - Lower Sorbian: lažaš

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ležàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 271: “v. (c) ‘lie’”
Snoj, Marko (2016), “ležáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*leža̋ti, sed. *lȅžǫ”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ležàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 271: “v. (c) ‘lie’”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016), “ležáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*leža̋ti, sed. *lȅžǫ”