< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gъnati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúntei, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰénti.

Verb

*gъnàti impf [1][2][3]

  1. to chase, to persecute

Conjugation
Conjugation of *gъnati (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gъnanьje *gъnati *gъnatъ *gъnalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gъnanъ *ženomъ
Active *gъnavъ *ženy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gъnaxъ*gъna*gъna *ženǫ*ženeši*ženetь
Dual *gъnaxově*gъnasta*gъnaste *ženevě*ženeta*ženete
Plural *gъnaxomъ*gъnaste*gъnašę *ženemъ*ženete*ženǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gъnaaxъ*gъnaaše*gъnaaše —*ženi*ženi
Dual *gъnaaxově*gъnaašeta*gъnaašete *ženěvě*ženěta—
Plural *gъnaaxomъ*gъnaašete*gъnaaxǫ *ženěmъ*ženěte—
Conjugation of *gъnati (impf., -a/C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm c)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*gъnanьje *gъnati *gъnatъ *gъnalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *gъnanъ *ženomъ
Active *gъnavъ *ženy
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *gъnaxъ*gъna*gъna *ženǫ*ženeši*ženetь
Dual *gъnaxově*gъnasta*gъnaste *ženevě*ženeta*ženete
Plural *gъnaxomъ*gъnaste*gъnašę *ženemъ*ženete*ženǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *gъnaaxъ*gъnaaše*gъnaaše —*ženi*ženi
Dual *gъnaaxově*gъnaašeta*gъnaašete *ženěvě*ženěta—
Plural *gъnaaxomъ*gъnaašete*gъnaaxǫ *ženěmъ*ženěte—

Descendants
  • Church Slavonic: гънати (gŭnati) (Russian)
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: гънати (gŭnati)
      Glagolitic: [Term?]
    • Bulgarian: го́ня (gónja)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic: гна̏ти
      Latin: gnȁti
    • Slovene: gnáti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: hnát
    • Polabian: zinĕ
    • Old Polish: gnać
    • Slovak: hnať
    • Slovincian: gnȧ̃ć
    • Sorbian:
      • Upper Sorbian: hnać
      • Lower Sorbian: gnaś

Further reading
  • Vasmer (Fasmer), Max (Maks) (1964–1973), “гнать”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), translated from German and supplemented by Trubačóv Oleg, Moscow: Progress
  • Černyx, P. Ja. (1999), “гнать”, in Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), volume 1, 3rd reprint edition, Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 194
  • Trubačóv, Oleg, editor (1980), “*gъnati”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ slavjanskix jazykov [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 07, Moscow: Nauka, page 196
  • Šanskij, N. M. (2004), “гнать”, in Školʹnyj etimologičeskij slovarʹ russkovo jazyka [School Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Drofa

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008), “*gъnàti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197: “v. (b) ‘chase, persecute’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001), “gъnati: ženǫ ženetь”, in Common Slavic accentological word list, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 204); c (PR 139) drive, jage”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016), “gnáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar, Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, →ISBN: “*gъna̋ti, sed. *žȅnǫ”
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