Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/čelověkъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷel- (“crowd, people”), from *kʷel- (“to turn, roll > to travel, settle, cultivate; town”). Cognates include Sanskrit कुलं (kulaṃ), Ancient Greek τέλος (télos) and Old English scolu. The latter part is akin to Lithuanian vaĩkas (“child”), Latvian vaiks (“boy”) and Old Prussian waiх (“manservant”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *weyk-.

Noun

*čelověkъ m [1]

man, human

Declension

Declension of *čelověkъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*čelověkъ	*čelověka	*čelověci
Accusative	*čelověkъ	*čelověka	*čelověky
Genitive	*čelověka	*čelověku	*čelověkъ
Locative	*čelověcě	*čelověku	*čelověcěxъ
Dative	*čelověku	*čelověkoma	*čelověkomъ
Instrumental	čelověkъmь, čelověkomь^*	*čelověkoma	*čelověky
Vocative	*čelověče	*čelověka	*čelověci

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Alternative forms

*čьlověkъ (unaccented *е reduced to *ь)
*člověkъ (unaccented *ь dropped)

Related terms

*čeľadь

Descendants

East Slavic: человѣкъ (čelověkŭ)
- → Latvian: cilvēks (“person”)
- Belarusian: чалаве́к (čalavjék)
- Russian: челове́к (čelovék), (pre-1918 spelling) человѣкъ (čelověk)
- Rusyn: чолові́к (čolovík)
- Ukrainian: чолові́к (čolovík, “man, husband”)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: чловѣкъ (člověkŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱍⰾⱁⰲⱑⰽⱏ (člověkŭ)
- Bulgarian: чове́к (čovék), (pre-1945 spelling) човѣкъ (čověk)
- Macedonian: чо́век (čóvek)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: чо̀век, чо̀вјек
  
  Latin: čòvek, čòvjek
- Slovene: člóvek (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: člověk
- Kashubian: człowiek
- Polish: człowiek
- Silesian: czowjek
- Slovak: človek
- Sorbian, Lower: cłowjek
- Sorbian, Upper: čłowjek

References

Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”

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[1] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*čelověkъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 80: “m. o ‘man’”