Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/óynos
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Etymology
Perhaps built on the pronominal stem *éy (“he, she, it”) + *-nós, in which case the suffix would have been used in contradiction to its presumed usage. Homer's use of feminine ἴα (ía, “one”), from *ih₂, directly from the pronominal stem *i- has been suggested as a corroboration for this.
Alternative forms in PIE include *Hóywos, attested in Greek and Indo-Iranian (cf. Ancient Greek οἶος (oîos), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (aēuua)) and *Hóykos, attested only in Indo-Aryan (Sanskrit एक (éka)).
Inflection
| Thematic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | ||
| nominative | *óynos | *óyneh₂ | |
| genitive | *óynosyo | *óyneh₂s | |
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *óynos | — | — |
| vocative | *óyne | — | — |
| accusative | *óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *óynead | — | — |
| dative | *óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *óyney, *óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *óynoh₁ | — | — |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *óyneh₂ | — | — |
| vocative | *óyneh₂ | — | — |
| accusative | *óynām | — | — |
| genitive | *óyneh₂s | — | — |
| ablative | *óyneh₂s | — | — |
| dative | *óyneh₂ey | — | — |
| locative | *óyneh₂, *óyneh₂i | — | — |
| instrumental | *óyneh₂h₁ | — | — |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *óynom | — | — |
| vocative | *óynom | — | — |
| accusative | *óynom | — | — |
| genitive | *óynosyo | — | — |
| ablative | *óynead | — | — |
| dative | *óynoey | — | — |
| locative | *óyney, *óynoy | — | — |
| instrumental | *óynoh₁ | — | — |
Comment
Acute accent in Balto-Slavic points to a medial laryngeal, at least in the *HóyHnos form.
According to Arnaud Fournet, Proto Indo-Aryan *aikas is unique among all Indo-European languages and shows similarity with counterparts in Uralic languages. Compare, however, Proto-Albanian *ne uka (whence Albanian nuk).
Descendants
- Albanian: *ainja
- Albanian: një
- Celtic: *oinos (see there for further descendants)
- Germanic: *ainaz (see there for further descendants)
- Hellenic: *óynos
- Ancient Greek: οἶνος (oînos, “the ace on dice”), οἴνη (oínē, “the ace on dice”)
- Indo-Iranian: *Háynas
- Indo-Aryan: *Háynas
- Sanskrit: एन (éna)
- Indo-Aryan: *Háynas
- Italic: *oinos
Derived terms
- *Hóy-kos
- Indo-Iranian: *Háykas (see there for further descendants)
- *Hóy-wos
- *óyH-nos
References
- Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- Fournet, Arnaud (2010) About the Mitanni-Aryan Gods, The Journal of Indo-European Studies, Volume 38, Number 1 & 2, Spring/Summer 2010, p.27
- Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag