Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werdʰh₁om

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *werh₁- (“to speak, say”), with a -dʰh₁ extension[1]

Noun

*werdʰh₁om n (non-ablauting)

word

Inflection

Thematic
	singular
nominative	*werdʰh₁om
genitive	*werdʰh₁osyo
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*werdʰh₁om	*werdʰh₁oy(h₁)	*werdʰh₁eh₂
vocative	*werdʰh₁om	*werdʰh₁oy(h₁)	*werdʰh₁eh₂
accusative	*werdʰh₁om	*werdʰh₁oy(h₁)	*werdʰh₁eh₂
genitive	*werdʰh₁osyo	*?	*werdʰh₁ooHom
ablative	*werdʰh₁ead	*?	*werdʰh₁omos
dative	*werdʰh₁oey	*?	*werdʰh₁omos
locative	werdʰh₁ey, werdʰh₁oy	*?	*werdʰh₁oysu
instrumental	*werdʰh₁oh₁	*?	*werdʰh₁ōys

Descendants

Balto-Slavic: *wardas (from the o-grade *wordʰh₁om)
- Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)
- Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)
Balto-Slavic: *wirdas (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om)
- Old Prussian: wirds
- → Finnic: *virci (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: *wurdą (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om[2]) (see there for further descendants)
Italic: *werβom
- Latin: verbum
- Umbrian: 𐌖𐌄𐌓𐌚𐌀𐌋𐌄 (uerfale)

References

Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “Wort”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (in German), 22nd edition, →ISBN
“Wort” in: Deutsches Wörterbuch (Grimm)

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[1] Kluge, Friedrich (1989), “Wort”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological dictionary of the German language] (in German), 22nd edition, →ISBN

[2] “Wort” in: Deutsches Wörterbuch (Grimm)