Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₂-

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/terh₁-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*terh₂- [1]

to cross over, pass through, overcome

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*terh%E2%82%82-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *terh₂-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *terh₂-</a>

*treh₂-
*térh₂-e-ti ~ *térh₂-o-nti (thematic root present)
- Indo-Iranian: *tárHati (see there for further descendants)
*tr̥h₂-n̥t-s (adverb), from *tr̥h₂-nt- (aorist participle)[2]
- Celtic: *trānss (< *trānts)
  - Old Breton: tros
    - Breton: treuz
  - Old Irish: trá
  - Middle Welsh: traws
- Italic: *trāns
  - Latin: trāns
  - Umbrian: 𐌕𐌓𐌀𐌚 (traf)[3]
*torh₂-éye- (causative)
- Indo-Iranian: *tārHáyati
  - Indo-Aryan: *tārHáyati
    - Sanskrit: तारयति (tāráyati)
*térh₂-dʰrom
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέρθρον (térthron)
*néḱ-tr̥h₂ (with root *neḱ-)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: νέκταρ (néktar)
*térh₂-u-ti ~ *tr̥h₂-w-enti
- Anatolian: *térHʷti ~ *tr̥Hʷánti
  - Hittite: 𒋻𒄴𒍣 (tar-uḫ-zi)
- Indo-Iranian: *tŕ̥Hwati
  - Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥Hwati
    - Sanskrit: तूर्वति (tū́rvati)
*tr̥h₂-w-ént-s
- Anatolian: *tr̥Hʷánts (see there for further descendants)
- Indo-Iranian: *tr̥Hwánts
  - Indo-Aryan: *tr̥Hwánts
    - Sanskrit: तूर्वन्त्- (tūrvánt-)
Unsorted formations:
- Celtic: *trē
  - Brythonic: *truɨ
    - Old Breton: tre, dre
      - Breton: dre
    - Old Welsh: troi
      - Middle Welsh: trwy
        Welsh: trwy, drwy
  - Old Irish: tre, tré, tri, trí
    - Irish: trí, tré
    - Scottish Gaelic: tre
- Germanic: *þerhw (< *terh₂-kʷe)
- Germanic: *þurhw (< *tr̥h₂-kʷe)
- Germanic: *þurhilą
- Germanic: (possibly) *þrum- (< *tr̥h₂-m-)
- Indo-Iranian:
  - Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: अवतार (avatāra), तिरः (tiraḥ)

References

De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
Schumacher, Stefan (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben. Ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft) (in German), Innsbruck, Austria: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 138
Buck, Carl (1904) A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, Ginn & Co, page 9

Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1075
Watkins, Calvert (1985), “terə-”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt

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[1] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill

[2] Schumacher, Stefan (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben. Ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft) (in German), Innsbruck, Austria: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 138

[3] Buck, Carl (1904) A grammar of Oscan and Umbrian, Ginn & Co, page 9