< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/péh₂sti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Athematic s-extended root present of *peh₂- (“to protect”).

Verb

*péh₂sti (imperfective) [1]

  1. to guard, to protect
  2. to shepherd

Inflection
Imperfective, athematic
3rd singular *péh₂sti
3rd plural *ph₂sénti
Active voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *péh₂smi *péh₂sm̥ — *péh₂soh₂ *ph₂syéh₁m̥
2nd singular *péh₂si *péh₂s *péh₂s, *ph₂sdʰí *péh₂sesi *ph₂syéh₁s
3rd singular *péh₂sti *péh₂st *péh₂stu *péh₂seti *ph₂syéh₁t
1st dual *ph₂swós *ph₂swé — *péh₂sowos *ph₂sih₁wé
2nd dual *ph₂stés *ph₂stóm *ph₂stóm *péh₂setes *ph₂sih₁tóm
3rd dual *ph₂stés *ph₂stā́m *ph₂stā́m *péh₂setes *ph₂sih₁tā́m
1st plural *ph₂smós *ph₂smé — *péh₂somos *ph₂sih₁mé
2nd plural *ph₂sté *ph₂sté *ph₂sté *péh₂sete *ph₂sih₁té
3rd plural *ph₂sénti *ph₂sént *ph₂séntu *péh₂sonti *ph₂sih₁ént
Participle *ph₂sónts
Middle voice Present indicative Past indicative Imperative Subjunctive Optative
1st singular *ph₂sh₂ér *ph₂sh₂é — *péh₂soh₂er *ph₂sih₁h₂é
2nd singular *ph₂sth₂ér *ph₂sth₂é *ph₂só *péh₂seth₂er *ph₂sih₁th₂é
3rd singular *ph₂stór, *ph₂sór *ph₂stó, *ph₂só *? *péh₂setor *ph₂sih₁tó, *ph₂sih₁ó
1st dual *ph₂swósdʰh₂ *ph₂swédʰh₂ — *péh₂sowosdʰh₂ *ph₂sih₁wédʰh₂
2nd dual *? *? *? *? *?
3rd dual *? *? *? *? *?
1st plural *ph₂smósdʰh₂ *ph₂smédʰh₂ — *péh₂somosdʰh₂ *ph₂sih₁médʰh₂
2nd plural *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *ph₂sdʰh₂wé *péh₂sedʰh₂we *ph₂sih₁dʰh₂wé
3rd plural *ph₂srór, *ph₂sn̥tór *ph₂sró, *ph₂sn̥tó *? *péh₂soror, *péh₂sontor *ph₂sih₁ró, *ph₂sih₁n̥tó
Participle *ph₂sm̥h₁nós

Derived terms
  • *ph₂-s-néw-ti ~ *ph₂-s-nw-énti[2]
  • *peh₂-s-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative over s-present)[3]
  • *ph₂-sḱé-ti (*sḱé-present)[1][2] (analogically enlarged into a sḱe-present)
    • Italic: *pāskō
      • Latin: pāscō (“put to graze”)
    • Tocharian: *pāsk-
      • Tocharian A: pās- ("to look after, guard")
      • Tocharian: paskenträ
  • *péh₂-s-tōr ~ *ph₂-s-tr-és[1][2]
    • Italic: *pāstōr

Descendants
  • Hittite: 𒉺𒄴𒊭𒊑 (pa-aḫ-ša-ri)[2]
  • Balto-Slavic: [Term?]
    • Slavic: *pastì (“pasture, herd, feed”)[2] (see there for further descendants)

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāscō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 448
  2. Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “paḫš-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 707
  3. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pāreō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 445
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