< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeh₂g-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternative reconstructions

Root

*bʰeh₂g-

  1. to divide, distribute, allot

Derived terms
► <a href='/wiki/Category:Terms_derived_from_the_PIE_root_*b%CA%B0eh%E2%82%82g-' title='Category:Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰeh₂g-'>Terms derived from the PIE root *bʰeh₂g-</a>
  • *bʰh₂g-t (zero-grade root aorist)[2]
    • Hellenic:
      • Ancient Greek: ἔφαγον (éphagon, “I ate, devoured ← *I received a share”)
  • *bʰéh₂g-e-ti (thematic root present)[1]
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰáǰati
      • Indo-Aryan: *bʰáȷ́ati
      • Iranian: *báǰati (“to bestow, divide, have a share; to give, apportion”)[3]
        • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬲‎ (baž)
        • → Old Armenian: բաժանեմ (bažanem, “to divide”), բաժին (bažin, “portion”), բաժակ (bažak, “cup”)
        • ⇒ Iranian: *bāǰím (“tribute, tax”)[4]
  • *bʰeh₂g-(e)h₂ (feminine or collective)[5]
    • Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: բակ (bak, “courtyard; sheep pen; sun or moon halo ← *landed allotment, encircled estate”) (alternatively, a borrowing from the Indo-Iranian cognate *bʰāgá-)
  • *bʰeh₂g-ó-s m (“portion, share”)[5][2]
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰaHgás
      • Indo-Aryan: *bʰaHgás
      • Iranian: *baHgáh[6]
        • Baluchi: باگ‎ (bág, “garden”)
        • Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬔𐬀‎ (bāga, “part”)
        • Old Persian: *𐎲𐎠𐎥 (bāga)
          • Middle Persian: bʾg (bāğ, “garden, orchard”)
            • Persian: باغ‎ (bâğ) (see there for further descendants)
            • → Classical Syriac: ܒܓܐ‎ (bāḡā, “garden”)
            • → Classical Mandaic: [script needed] (baga, “garden”)
            • → Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: באגא‎ (“outskirts of a town”)
          • → Official Aramaic: 𐡂𐡁‎ (bg, “agricultural domain, fief”)[7]
        • Sogdian: 𐼱𐼰𐼲‎ (βʾɣ, “garden”)
  • *bʰh₂g-ó-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰagás (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰeh₂g-s-[8]
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰakšás, *bʰakšáyati
      • Indo-Aryan: *bʰakṣás, *bʰakṣáyati
        • Sanskrit: भक्ष (bhakṣá, “food, drink, delight”), भक्षयति (bhakṣáyati, “to consume”)
      • Iranian: *baxšáh (“to bestow, divide, have a share; to give, apportion”)
        • Avestan: 𐬠𐬀𐬑𐬱‎ (baxš)
        • Middle Persian: bhš- (baxš-)
        • → Old Armenian: բաշխեմ (bašxem), բաշխ (bašx)
  • *bʰéh₂g-ti-s ~ *bʰh₂g-téy-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktíš
      • Indo-Aryan: *bʰaktíṣ
        • Sanskrit: भक्ति (bhaktí, “distribution, partition, separation”)
  • *bʰh₂g-tó-s
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰaktás (see there for further descendants)
  • *bʰoh₂g-éye-ti (causative)[1]
    • Indo-Iranian: *bʰaHǰáyati
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Tocharian: *pāke (“part, portion, share, piece”)[9] (or borrowed from the Iranian cognate)
      • Tocharian A: pāk
      • Tocharian B: pāke

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001) Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 65
  2. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543
  3. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1–2
  4. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 55
  5. Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, issue 10, page 99
  6. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 51
  7. Hinz, Walther (1975) Altiranisches Sprachgut der Nebenüberlieferungen (Göttinger Orientforschungen, Reihe III, Iranica; 3)‎ (in German), Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 53
  8. Rastorgujeva, V. S.; Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 45
  9. Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 388—389
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