բակ
Armenian
Etymology
From Old Armenian բակ (bak).
Pronunciation
- (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA(key): [bɑk]
Audio (Eastern Armenian) (file)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բակ (bak) | բակեր (baker) | ||
| dative | բակի (baki) | բակերի (bakeri) | ||
| ablative | բակից (bakicʿ) | բակերից (bakericʿ) | ||
| instrumental | բակով (bakov) | բակերով (bakerov) | ||
| locative | բակում (bakum) | բակերում (bakerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | բակը/բակն (bakə/bakn) | բակերը/բակերն (bakerə/bakern) | ||
| dative | բակին (bakin) | բակերին (bakerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | բակս (baks) | բակերս (bakers) | ||
| dative | բակիս (bakis) | բակերիս (bakeris) | ||
| ablative | բակիցս (bakicʿs) | բակերիցս (bakericʿs) | ||
| instrumental | բակովս (bakovs) | բակերովս (bakerovs) | ||
| locative | բակումս (bakums) | բակերումս (bakerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | բակդ (bakd) | բակերդ (bakerd) | ||
| dative | բակիդ (bakid) | բակերիդ (bakerid) | ||
| ablative | բակիցդ (bakicʿd) | բակերիցդ (bakericʿd) | ||
| instrumental | բակովդ (bakovd) | բակերովդ (bakerovd) | ||
| locative | բակումդ (bakumd) | բակերումդ (bakerumd) | ||
Old Armenian
Etymology
According to Ačaṙean, a Kartvelian borrowing: compare Georgian ბაკი (baḳi, “hedged pen for cattle; yard; moon halo”), Laz ბაკი (baḳi, “stable”).[1] Similar words are found in other languages of the Caucasus: Kabardian бэкхъ (băq), Abaza бакъ (bāq̇, “cowshed”), Avar бокь (bokḷ), Chamalal бекь, Godoberi бекьи, Karata бекье, Akhvakh бекьо (“stable, stall”)
Martirosyan prefers derivation from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute, allot”), either as an inheritance or a borrowing from the Proto-Indo-Iranian cognate *bʰāgá- (“portion, share, allotment”).[2] The sense development is ‘landed allotment, encircled estate’ → ‘courtyard’. If this etymology is correct, the Kartvelian words are borrowed from Armenian.
For the semantic shift ‘courtyard, pen’ → ‘halo’, Martirosyan compares Turkish ağıl (“overnight sheep pen; moon halo”), Hittite [script needed] (Éḫīla-, “courtyard; halo”).[2] Other typological parallels are Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs, “threshing floor with its surrounding threshold; halo”), German Hof (“yard; halo”), Hungarian udvar (“yard, court, courtyard; halo, corona (around the moon)”), Lithuanian dar̃žas (“garden; paddock; moon halo”).
Noun
բակ • (bak)
Declension
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բակ (bak) | բակք (bakkʿ) | |
| genitive | բակի (baki) | բակաց (bakacʿ) | |
| dative | բակի (baki) | բակաց (bakacʿ) | |
| accusative | բակ (bak) | բակս (baks) | |
| ablative | բակէ (bakē) | բակաց (bakacʿ) | |
| instrumental | բակաւ (bakaw) | բակաւք = բակօք (bakawkʿ = bakōkʿ) | |
| locative | բակի (baki) | բակս (baks) |
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | բակ (bak) | բակք (bakkʿ) | |
| genitive | բակի (baki) | բակից (bakicʿ) | |
| dative | բակի (baki) | բակից (bakicʿ) | |
| accusative | բակ (bak) | բակս (baks) | |
| ablative | բակէ (bakē) | բակից (bakicʿ) | |
| instrumental | բակիւ (bakiw) | բակիւք (bakiwkʿ) | |
| locative | բակի (baki) | բակս (baks) |
Derived terms
- բակաձեւ (bakajew)
- բակառաբար (bakaṙabar)
- բակառական (bakaṙakan)
- բակառեմ (bakaṙem)
- բակարգել (bakargel)
Descendants
References
- Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “բակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
- Martirosyan, Hrach (2013), “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship, issue 10, page 99
Further reading
- Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “բակ”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “բակ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy