Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hwehwlą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kʷékʷlom (“wheel”). The plural *hweulō is from the Proto-Indo-European collective *kʷekʷléh₂ (“wheels”), and the neuter gender was likely back-formed from that.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxʷe.xʷlɑ̃/

Noun

*hwehwlą n

wheel

Inflection

The plural *hweulō descends from an Indo-European collective noun and shows the original Verner alternant *gw, which later became *w (represented by *u).

neuter a-stemDeclension of *hwehwlą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hwehwlą	*hweulō
vocative	*hwehwlą	*hweulō
accusative	*hwehwlą	*hweulō
genitive	hwehwlas, hwihwlis	*hweulǫ̂
dative	*hwihwlai	*hweulamaz
instrumental	*hwehwlō	*hweulamiz

Related terms

*hwelą

Descendants

Old English: hweogl, hweogol, hweohl, hweowl, hweowol (from singular), hwēol (from plural *hweulō)
- Middle English: whel, whele, qweel
  - Scots: quhel, quhele, quheil, quheile, wheel
  - English: wheel
Old Frisian: hwēl (in compounds), fiāl, tziāl
- North Frisian: weyel, weel
- Saterland Frisian: Wäil
- West Frisian: fjil, tsjil, tsjel
Old Saxon: hwiol
- Middle Low German: wēl, wiel
  - German Low German: Weel
Old Dutch: *wiol
- Middle Dutch: wiel, weel
  - Dutch: wiel
    - Afrikaans: wiel
    - → Sranan Tongo: wiri
  - Limburgish: weel
  - → Old Frisian: wēl
    - West Frisian: wiele
German: Wiele (in combination: Wielstein, Wieltrosz, Wielesche)
Old Norse: hvél (from singular), hjól (from plural *hweulō)
- Icelandic: hjól, hvel
- Faroese: hjól, hvæl
- Norwegian: hjul
- Norn: hurl
- Old Swedish: hiūl, hiughl
  - Swedish: hjul
- Danish: hjul
- Elfdalian: juol
- Westrobothnian: hjul, hiol (hvel)

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