Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hauzijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂ḱh₂owsyéti (“to be sharp-eared”), from *h₂eḱ- (“sharp”) + *h₂ows- (“ear”) + *-yéti (denominative suffix).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxɑu̯.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hauzijaną

to hear

Inflection

Conjugation of *hauzijaną (weak class 1)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hauzijō	*hauzijaų	—	*hauzijai	*?
2nd singular	*hauzīsi	*hauzijais	*hauzī	*hauzijasai	*hauzijaisau
3rd singular	*hauzīþi	*hauzijai	*hauzijaþau	*hauzijaþai	*hauzijaiþau
1st dual	*hauzijōs	*hauzijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hauzijaþiz	*hauzijaiþiz	*hauzijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hauzijamaz	*hauzijaim	—	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau
2nd plural	*hauzīþ	*hauzijaiþ	*hauzīþ	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau
3rd plural	*hauzijanþi	*hauzijain	*hauzijanþau	*hauzijanþai	*hauzijainþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hauzidǭ	*hauzidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hauzidēz	*hauzidēdīz
3rd singular	*hauzidē	*hauzidēdī
1st dual	*hauzidēdū	*hauzidēdīw
2nd dual	*hauzidēdudiz	*hauzidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hauzidēdum	*hauzidēdīm
2nd plural	*hauzidēdud	*hauzidēdīd
3rd plural	*hauzidēdun	*hauzidēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hauzijandz	*hauzidaz

Derived terms

*hauzīniz
*hauzikōną

Descendants

Old English: hīeran, hȳran, hēran
- Middle English: heren, her, heiren, eren, heræn, heri, ȝere, hearen, hæren, har, heoren, hiren, hieren, huren, huiren
  - English: hear
  - Scots: her, hear
Old Frisian: hēra, hōra
- Saterland Frisian: heere
- West Frisian: hearre
Old Saxon: hōrian
- Middle Low German: hōren
  - Low German: hören, höörn
  - Plautdietsch: hieren
Old Dutch: *hōren
- Middle Dutch: horen
  - Dutch: horen
    - Afrikaans: hoor
  - Limburgish: huuere, heure
Old High German: hōren
- Middle High German: horen
  - Central Franconian: hüre, hiere
  - Cimbrian: hòrran, höarn
  - German: hören
  - Luxembourgish: héieren
  - Yiddish: הערן‎ (hern)
Old Norse: heyra
- Icelandic: heyra
- Faroese: hoyra
- Norn: høra
- Norwegian:
  Bokmål: høre
  Nynorsk: høyra, høyre
- Old Swedish: hø̄ra
  - Swedish: höra
- Old Danish: hø̄ræ
  - Danish: høre
- Old Gutnish: hoyra
  - Gutnish: håire
- Scanian: høra
- Elfdalian: ära
- Westrobothnian: höir, haair, hooir, håir
Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (hausjan)
⇒ *hauzakōną (with intensive -k-)
- Old English: *hercian
  - Middle English: herken
    - English: heark, hark
    - Scots: herk, hark
  - ⇒ Old English: hercnian, heorcnian, hyrcnian (suffixed)
    - Middle English: herknen
      - English: hearken, harken
      - Scots: herkin, hearken, harkin
- Old Frisian: hērkia, harkia
  - North Frisian: harke
  - West Frisian: harkje
- Old Saxon: *hōrkian, *hōrkōn
  - Middle Low German: horken
- Old Dutch: *hōrken, *hōrkon
  - Middle Dutch: horken, harken
- Old High German: *hōrahhōn, hōrechen
  - Middle High German: horchen, hōrchen
    - German: horchen

References

Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford University Press

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