< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bruzdōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Derived from *bruzdaz (“point, spike, thorn”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈbruz.dɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*bruzdōną

  1. to prick (as with a point)

Inflection
Conjugation of *bruzdōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bruzdō*bruzdǭ—*bruzdōi*?
2nd singular *bruzdōsi*bruzdōs*bruzdō*bruzdōsai*bruzdōsau
3rd singular *bruzdōþi*bruzdō*bruzdōþau*bruzdōþai*bruzdōþau
1st dual *bruzdōs*bruzdōw———
2nd dual *bruzdōþiz*bruzdōþiz*bruzdōþiz——
1st plural *bruzdōmaz*bruzdōm—*bruzdōnþai*bruzdōnþau
2nd plural *bruzdōþ*bruzdōþ*bruzdōþ*bruzdōnþai*bruzdōnþau
3rd plural *bruzdōnþi*bruzdōn*bruzdōnþau*bruzdōnþai*bruzdōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *bruzdōdǭ*bruzdōdēdį̄
2nd singular *bruzdōdēz*bruzdōdēdīz
3rd singular *bruzdōdē*bruzdōdēdī
1st dual *bruzdōdēdū*bruzdōdēdīw
2nd dual *bruzdōdēdudiz*bruzdōdēdīdiz
1st plural *bruzdōdēdum*bruzdōdēdīm
2nd plural *bruzdōdēdud*bruzdōdēdīd
3rd plural *bruzdōdēdun*bruzdōdēdīn
present past
participles *bruzdōndz*bruzdōdaz
  • *bruzdijaną

Descendants
  • Old Saxon: brordōn
  • Frankish: *brurdōn, *brordōn, *brosdōn
    • → Vulgar Latin: *brustāre
      • Old French: brosder, broisder, brouder
        • Middle French: broder; embroder
        • Norman: broder (Jersey), broudaïr (Guernésiais)
        • Picard: border
        • Old French: embrosder, embrouder
          • → Middle English: broiden, brouden
          • → Middle English: embrouderen, embrowderen, embroderen
            • English: embroider (influenced by Middle English broiden)
      • Iberian:
        • Old Portuguese: broslar
          • Galician: brozlar
          • Portuguese: broslar
        • Spanish: broslar
      • Old Italian: brustare
      • Old Occitan: broidar, brodar
  • Old High German: *brortōn (attested in gibrortot)
  • Old Norse: brodda
  • Gothic: *𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌶𐌳𐍉𐌽 (*bruzdōn) (adduced based on Romance borrowings showing brust-)
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