Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/an

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *h₂enh̥₂, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂en- (“up, on high”). The final vowel was lost by regular sound change but remained in compound forms, whence it was restored in some of the daughter languages.[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɑn/

Preposition

*an [1]

on, upon [+dative]
onto [+accusative]

Adverb

*an [1]

on, onto

Descendants

Old English: an, on
- Middle English: an, on, a
  - Scots: an, on
  - English: on
Old Frisian: an, on
- North Frisian: a
- Saterland Frisian: an, oun
- West Frisian: oan
Old Saxon: ana, an
- Middle Low German: an
  - Low German: an
Old Dutch: ana, an, in
- Middle Dutch: āne, āen, an
  - Dutch: aan, an (dialectal)
    - Afrikaans: aan
Old High German: ana, an
- Middle High German: an
  - German: an
  - Hunsrik: aan
  - Luxembourgish: un
  - Pennsylvania German: aa
Norse: ᚨᚾ (an)
- Old Norse: á
  - Icelandic: á
  - Faroese: á
  - Norwegian: på (from opp å)
    - Nynorsk: å
  - Elfdalian: ą̊
  - Old Swedish: ā
    - Swedish: å, på (from upp å), (dialectal) a
  - Old Danish: ā
    - Danish: å (dialectal), på (from op å)
Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰 (ana)

References

Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ana”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 26

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[EDPG-1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*ana”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 26