Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ak

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

*ake[1]

Etymology

Uncertain. Possibly from Pre-Germanic *h₁o-ge, demonstrative *h₁e- + emphatic *ge.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɑk/

Conjunction

*ak

but, however

Descendants

Old English: ac, ah, oc
- Middle English: ac, ak, ah, ach, oc, occ, ok, auh, auch, auȝ
  - English: ac, ake
  - Scots: ac
Old Frisian: āk
- West Frisian: ek
Old Saxon: ak
Old High German: oh
- Middle High German: och, ouch
  - German: auch
Gothic: 𐌰𐌺 (ak)

F. Holthausen, German. ak ‘sondern, aber’, in Indogermanische Forschungen (1905), page 458: German. ak 'sondern, aber'. Got. ak, ae. me. afries. as. ac, ahd. oh 'sondern, aber' wird von Brugmann Kurze vgl. Gramm. § 833 fragend aus *akk = *aþ + *ke oder *ko erklärt. Da diese Herleitung lautlich nicht ganz befriedigt [...] ist [...]

Gerhard Köbler gives this form, as does Elmar Seebold's Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (1970), page 74: "*ak-e 'aber, sondern' HM: gt. ak; ae. ac, ah ++; afr. ak; as. ak H Gn; ahd. oh." However, a final vowel is not present in any descendant.

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[1] Gerhard Köbler gives this form, as does Elmar Seebold's Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (1970), page 74: "*ak-e 'aber, sondern' HM: gt. ak; ae. ac, ah ++; afr. ak; as. ak H Gn; ahd. oh." However, a final vowel is not present in any descendant.