-irati
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From German -ieren with the infinitive ending -en replaced with native -ati. The German suffix is from Middle High German -ieren, from Old French -ier, from Latin -are.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ǐːrati/
Suffix
-irati (Cyrillic spelling -ирати)
- A suffix appended to words, primarily loanwords, to form verbs.
Usage notes
- The suffix -irati is only common in Croatia where it was at one point productive and used to form new verbs. It is still occasionally used to consciously form new verbs from loanwords, especially from Germanic languages. It can also be found in Bosnia and Serbia but to a lesser extent, being mostly used to adopt verbs borrowed from other languages.
Conjugation
Conjugation of -irati
| Infinitive: -irati | Present verbal adverb: -írajūći | Past verbal adverb: — | Verbal noun: -írānje | ||||
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
| Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |
| Verbal forms | ja | ti | on / ona / ono | mi | vi | oni / one / ona | |
| Present | -iram | -iraš | -ira | -iramo | -irate | -iraju | |
| Future | Future I | -irat ću1 -iraću |
-irat ćeš1 -iraćeš |
-irat će1 -iraće |
-irat ćemo1 -iraćemo |
-irat ćete1 -iraćete |
-irat će1 -iraće |
| Future II | budem -irao2 | budeš -irao2 | bude -irao2 | budemo -irali2 | budete -irali2 | budu -irali2 | |
| Past | Perfect | -irao sam2 | -irao si2 | -irao je2 | -irali smo2 | -irali ste2 | -irali su2 |
| Pluperfect3 | bio sam -irao2 | bio si -irao2 | bio je -irao2 | bili smo -irali2 | bili ste -irali2 | bili su -irali2 | |
| Imperfect | -irah | -iraše | -iraše | -irasmo | -iraste | -irahu | |
| Conditional I | -irao bih2 | -irao bi2 | -irao bi2 | -irali bismo2 | -irali biste2 | -irali bi2 | |
| Conditional II | bio bih -irao2 | bio bi -irao2 | bio bi -irao2 | bili bismo -irali2 | bili biste -irali2 | bili bi -irali2 | |
| Imperative | — | -iraj | — | -irajmo | -irajte | — | |
| Active past participle | -irao m / -irala f / -iralo n | -irali m / -irale f / -irala n | |||||
| 1 Croatian spelling: others omit the infinitive suffix completely and bind the clitic. 2 For masculine nouns; a feminine or neuter agent would use the feminine and neuter gender forms of the active past participle and auxiliary verb, respectively. 3 Often replaced by the past perfect in colloquial speech, i.e. the auxiliary verb biti (to be) is routinely dropped. * Note: The aorist and imperfect have nowadays fallen into disuse and as such they are found only in literary texts; routinely replaced by the past perfect in both formal and colloquial speech. | |||||||
Synonyms
- -isati (Bosnia, Serbia)
- -ovati
Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Serbo-Croatian_words_suffixed_with_-irati' title='Category:Serbo-Croatian words suffixed with -irati'>Serbo-Croatian words suffixed with -irati</a>
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