-ach

-ach

1. (added to possessive nouns) our (inclusive)

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /əx/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ax/, /ah/, /a/

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -óg.

• -each (slender form)

-ach m

1. Forms nouns from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.

   ‎Éire (“Ireland”) + ‎-ach → ‎Éireannach (“Irish (person)”)

   ‎Sasana (“England”) + ‎-ach → ‎Sasanach (“English (person)”)

2. Forms adjectives from other nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.

   ‎bunús (“basis”) + ‎-ach → ‎bunúsach (“basic”)

   ‎fearg (“anger”) + ‎-ach → ‎feargach (“angry”)

   ‎Éire (“Ireland”) + ‎-ach → ‎Éireannach (“Irish”)

   ‎Sasana (“England”) + ‎-ach → ‎Sasanach (“English”)

For nouns:

For adjectives:

• -achán
• -achas

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-Vkos (V standing for any vowel), the genitive singular ending of certain nouns ending in *-Vxs.

-ach

1. forms the genitive singular of some fifth-declension nouns

From Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.

-ach

1. forms a comparative adjective

From Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos. Doublet of -óc.

Compare Latin -ācus, -icus.

• IPA^(key): /ax/

-ach

1. Forms adjectives meaning "related to, having, characterised by, prone to".
2. Forms nouns meaning "person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having".

After a palatalised consonant, the suffix becomes -ech.

Adjective:

Noun:

• Rudolf Thurneysen (1940) A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 347

• -each (slender form)

From Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos, *-eh₂ḱos, from a-stem suffix *-eh₂- + adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos; compare Welsh -og. Doublet of -ag.

• IPA^(key): [ax]

-ach (plural -aich or -aichean)

1. Forming nouns from nouns and adjectives with the sense of ‘person or thing connected or involved with, belonging to, having’.

From Middle Welsh -ach, from Proto-Brythonic *-ox, with the vowel altered by influence from -af.

• IPA^(key): /aχ/

-ach

1. Forms a comparative of an adjective of one or two syllables.

Triggers fortition on the final consonant of the adjective, changing b/d/g to p/t/c.