Ruwe haai

Ruwe haai; IUCN-status: Kwetsbaar[1] (2006)
	Taxonomische indeling
Rijk:	Animalia (Dieren)
Stam:	Chordata (Chordadieren)
Klasse:	Chondrichthyes (Kraakbeenvissen)
Onderklasse:	Elasmobranchii (Haaien en roggen)
Orde:	Carcharhiniformes (Grondhaaien)
Familie:	Triakidae (Gladde haaien)
Geslacht:	Galeorhinus
	Soort
	Galeorhinus galeus; (Linnaeus, 1758); Originele combinatie; Squalus galeus
	Verspreiding
	Afbeeldingen Ruwe haai op Wikimedia Commons
	Ruwe haai op Wikispecies
Portaal	Biologie

De ruwe haai[2] (Galeorhinus galeus), ook wel Australische haai[3] of steenhaai[4] genoemd, is een haai uit de familie van de gladde haaien.[5][6] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd als Squalus galeus in 1758 gepubliceerd door Carl Linnaeus.[7]

Natuurlijke omgeving

De ruwe haai komt wijdverbreid voor in zeegebieden met een gematigde temperatuur.[8] Meer in detail:

Het westen van de Atlantische Oceaan, van het zuiden van Brazilië tot Argentinië[6]
Het oosten van Atlantische Oceaan, van IJsland[9] tot Zuid-Afrika[10] inclusief de Middellandse Zee[6]
Het westen van de Indische Oceaan bij Zuid-Afrika
Het westen van de Grote Oceaan bij Australië[11] en Nieuw-Zeeland[12]
Het oosten van de Grote Oceaan bij Hawaï,[13] van Canada (Brits-Columbia)[14] tot het zuiden van Neder-Californië (Golf van Californië, Mexico),[6] en bij Peru[6] en Colombia.

Status in Nederlandse kustwateren

Evenals de gevlekte gladde haai komt de ruwe haai voor in de zuidelijke Noordzee. Langs de Nederlands kust wordt deze haai sporadisch gevangen.[2] De soort staat als kwetsbaar op de internationale Rode Lijst van de IUCN en staat ook als kwetsbaar op de Nederlandse Rode Lijst.

Synoniemen

Squalus galeus Linnaeus, 1758
- Eugaleus galeus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Galeus vulgaris Fleming, 1828[15]
Galeus canis Bonaparte, 1834[16]
Galeus nilssoni Bonaparte, 1846[17]
Galeus communis Owen, 1853[18]
Galeus linnei Malm, 1877[19]
Galeus australis Macleay, 1881[20]
- Galeorhinus australis (Macleay, 1881)
- Notogaleus australis (Macleay, 1881)
Galeorhinus zyopterus Jordan & Gilbert, 1883[21]
- Galeus zyopterus (Jordan & Gilbert, 1883)
Galeus chilensis Perez Canto, 1886[22]
- Galeorhinus chilensis (Perez Canto, 1886)
Galeus molinae Philippi, 1887[23]
Carcharhinus cyrano Whitley, 1930[24]
Galeorhinus vitaminicus De Buen, 1950[25]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

(en) Ruwe haai op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Nijssen, H. & de Groot, S.J. (1987). De vissen van Nederland, KNNV, Utrecht: 56.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1990 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford.
Warenwetregeling handelsbenamingen vis bij wetten.nl
(en) Galeorhinus galeus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Januari 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.
Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO species catalogue. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655.
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae ed. 10: 234
Cavanagh, R.D., P.M. Kyne, S.L. Fowler, J.A. Musick en M.B. Bennett (eds.) 2003 The conservation status of Australasian chondrichthyans. Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group, Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop, Queensland, Australia, 7-9 March 2003. The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia. 170 p.
Jonsson, G. 1992 Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp.
Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert en M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p.
Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee en C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.
Cox, G. en M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p.
Last, P.R. en J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p.
Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p.
Fleming, J. 1828, A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh. A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species....: i-xxiii + 1-565. [Second edition 1842, same pagination. Fishes on pp. 161-222.]
Bonaparte, C.L. 1833, Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo III. Pesci. Roma. Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo III. Pesci.: Fasc. 2-5, puntata 7-28, 12 pls.
Bonaparte, C.L. 1846, Catalogo metodico dei pesci europei. Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Settima Adunanza, Napoli: 1-95. [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Napoli (1845), 1846; also issued as separate, Napoli, 1846, pp. 1-97 + 1. Proofed from separate.]
Owen, R. 1853, Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Vol.1. Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Marsupialia. London. Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.: 350 pp.
Malm, A.W. 1877, Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjuren. Göteborg. Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjuren.: 1-674, Pls. 1-9.
Macleay, W. 1881 (12 Sept.), A descriptive catalogue of Australian fishes. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2): 202-387.
Jordan, D.S. en C.H. Gilbert 1883 (early Apr.), Synopsis of the fishes of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 16: i-liv + 1-1018. [Often cited as 1882. Hays [ref. 9281] uses 1883, in part based on contemporary statement by Bean 1883:161 [ref. 9282].]
Perez Canto, C. 1886, Estudios sobre algunos escualos de la costa de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile Sec. 1, v. 69: 1-12. [Authorship also seen as Pérez.]
Philippi, R.A. 1887, Historia natural.--Sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. [Plus:] Apendice sobre el peje-espada, peje-aguja, peje-perro i vieja negra. Anales de la Universidad de Chile Sec. 1, v. 71: 535-574, Pls. 1-8. [Also as a separate, Santiago, 1887: 42 pp., 8 pls.]
Whitley, G.P. 1930 (July 17), The teeth of fishes. Australian Museum Magazine v. 4 (no. 3): 92-99.
de Buen, F. 1950 (Nov.), Contribuciones a la Ictiología. II. El tiburón vitamínico de la costa uruguaya Galeorhinus vitaminicus nov. sp., y algunas consideraciones generales sobre su biología. Publicaciones Cientificas, Servicio Oceanografico y de Pesca, Ministerio de Industrias y Trabajo, Montevideo No. 4: 153-162.

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[IUCN-1] (en) Ruwe haai op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

[Nijssen-2] Nijssen, H. & de Groot, S.J. (1987). De vissen van Nederland, KNNV, Utrecht: 56.

[F3383-3] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1990 Multilingual dictionary of fish and fish products. Fishing News Books, Oxford.

[4] Warenwetregeling handelsbenamingen vis bij wetten.nl

[Fishbase1-5] (en) Galeorhinus galeus. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. Januari 2009 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2009.

[F244-6] Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO species catalogue. Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 2 - Carcharhiniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/2):251-655.

[7] Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema naturae ed. 10: 234

[8] Cavanagh, R.D., P.M. Kyne, S.L. Fowler, J.A. Musick en M.B. Bennett (eds.) 2003 The conservation status of Australasian chondrichthyans. Report of the IUCN Shark Specialist Group, Australia and Oceania Regional Red List Workshop, Queensland, Australia, 7-9 March 2003. The University of Queensland, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brisbane, Australia. 170 p.

[9] Jonsson, G. 1992 Islenskir fiskar. Fiolvi, Reykjavik, 568 pp.

[10] Compagno, L.J.V., D.A. Ebert en M.J. Smale 1989 Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. New Holland (Publ.) Ltd., London. 158 p.

[11] Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee en C. Grieve 1993 Australian fisheries resources. Bureau of Resource Sciences, Canberra, Australia. 422 p.

[12] Cox, G. en M. Francis 1997 Sharks and rays of New Zealand. Canterbury Univ. Press, Univ. of Canterbury. 68 p.

[13] Last, P.R. en J.D. Stevens 1994 Sharks and rays of Australia. CSIRO, Australia. 513 p.

[14] Hart, J.L. 1973 Pacific fishes of Canada. Bull. Fish. Res. Board Can. 180:740 p.

[15] Fleming, J. 1828, A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species of quadrupeds, birds, reptiles, fishes, mollusca, and radiata of the United Kingdom; including the indigenous, extirpated, and extinct kinds, together with periodical and occasional visitants. Edinburgh. A history of British animals, exhibiting the descriptive characters and systematical arrangement of the genera and species....: i-xxiii + 1-565. [Second edition 1842, same pagination. Fishes on pp. 161-222.]

[16] Bonaparte, C.L. 1833, Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo III. Pesci. Roma. Iconografia della fauna italica per le quattro classi degli animali vertebrati. Tomo III. Pesci.: Fasc. 2-5, puntata 7-28, 12 pls.

[17] Bonaparte, C.L. 1846, Catalogo metodico dei pesci europei. Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani Settima Adunanza, Napoli: 1-95. [Atti della Settima Adunanza degli Scienziati Italiani tenuta in Napoli (1845), 1846; also issued as separate, Napoli, 1846, pp. 1-97 + 1. Proofed from separate.]

[18] Owen, R. 1853, Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England. Vol.1. Pisces, Reptilia, Aves, Marsupialia. London. Descriptive catalogue of the osteological series contained in the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons of England.: 350 pp.

[19] Malm, A.W. 1877, Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjuren. Göteborg. Göteborgs och Bohusläns fauna, Ryggradsdjuren.: 1-674, Pls. 1-9.

[C6222-20] Macleay, W. 1881 (12 Sept.), A descriptive catalogue of Australian fishes. Part IV. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 6 (pt 2): 202-387.

[C2476-21] Jordan, D.S. en C.H. Gilbert 1883 (early Apr.), Synopsis of the fishes of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 16: i-liv + 1-1018. [Often cited as 1882. Hays [ref. 9281] uses 1883, in part based on contemporary statement by Bean 1883:161 [ref. 9282].]

[C18531-22] Perez Canto, C. 1886, Estudios sobre algunos escualos de la costa de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile Sec. 1, v. 69: 1-12. [Authorship also seen as Pérez.]

[23] Philippi, R.A. 1887, Historia natural.--Sobre los tiburones i algunos otros peces de Chile. [Plus:] Apendice sobre el peje-espada, peje-aguja, peje-perro i vieja negra. Anales de la Universidad de Chile Sec. 1, v. 71: 535-574, Pls. 1-8. [Also as a separate, Santiago, 1887: 42 pp., 8 pls.]

[24] Whitley, G.P. 1930 (July 17), The teeth of fishes. Australian Museum Magazine v. 4 (no. 3): 92-99.

[25] de Buen, F. 1950 (Nov.), Contribuciones a la Ictiología. II. El tiburón vitamínico de la costa uruguaya Galeorhinus vitaminicus nov. sp., y algunas consideraciones generales sobre su biología. Publicaciones Cientificas, Servicio Oceanografico y de Pesca, Ministerio de Industrias y Trabajo, Montevideo No. 4: 153-162.