The Washington Institute for Near East Policy

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP or TWI) is an American pro-Israel think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East. It was established in 1985 with the support of AIPAC and the funding of many AIPAC donors, in order to provide higher quality research than AIPAC's publications.[3] The institute's mission statement says that it seeks "to advance a balanced and realistic understanding of American interests in the Middle East and to promote the policies that secure them."[1][4]

The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
MottoInsight and Analysis on U.S. Middle East Policy
Formation1985 (1985)[1]
HeadquartersWashington, D.C., U.S.
Executive Director
Robert Satloff
Revenue (2016)
$14,112,627[2]
Expenses (2016)$13,033,921[2]
Websitewashingtoninstitute.org

The institute has been described as "part of the core" of the Israel lobby in the United States,[5] a charge that WINEP denies.

Background

WINEP was started in 1985 by founding chairwoman Barbi Weinberg of Los Angeles, CA. Martin Indyk, an Australian-trained academic and former deputy director of research for AIPAC, was the first executive director. Indyk described the think tank as "friendly to Israel but doing credible research on the Middle East in a realistic and balanced way."[6] The research was thus designed to be more independent and academic-quality.[7] At the time it was founded, the Institute focused research on Arab–Israeli relations, political and security issues, and overall U.S. Middle East policy.[1] In the 1990s, prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf War, and changes in regional strategy, the Institute expanded its research agenda to "focus on Turkey and the rise of Islamic politics."[1] It was during the Gulf War that the institute gained public recognition as a source for commentary and analysis. By 1992, it had a staff of 12-15 in-house research fellows, in addition to visiting scholars and support staff.[4] Under Indyk's leadership, the institute gained notability as a center for the study and discussion of Middle East policy, and attracted Arab intellectuals to its events.[8] Indyk would go on to serve in several U.S. diplomatic posts including U.S. ambassador to Israel, special envoy for Israeli–Palestinian negotiations, special assistant to President Clinton and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs at the National Security Council and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs. Indyk is currently vice president and director of the Foreign Policy Program at the Brookings Institution.[9]

In addition to ongoing research, the Institute has striven to provide in-depth analysis at key inflection points in Middle East policy, such as during presidential election years. Beginning in 1988, the Institute convened bipartisan Presidential Study Groups that have offered policy papers for incoming administrations of either party. The inaugural PSG document informed the policy of the George H. W. Bush administration toward the Middle East peace process.[10]

According to The New York Times, the Institute has earned a reputation for solid scholarship, is committed to the peace process, and is supportive of Israel—a relationship with which it believes advances U.S. security interests.[11] However, the Institute does not identify as pro-Israel, saying the moniker "projects two false impressions—first, that the institute does not value American interests above special pleading for a foreign power and second, that the institute must be 'anti' others in the region (Palestinians, Arabs)."[12] It adds:

This shorthand terminology perpetuates 'old thinking' that views the Arab–Israeli conflict as the key dividing line in a region where the division between moderates versus radicals is a more accurate prism through which to understand local politics. On the personal level, this one-dimensional description of the institute's quarter-century of research does a disservice to the many current and former United States government officials and military officers at the institute over the years as well as the numerous institute scholars from Iran, Iraq, Egypt, Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Morocco and other Middle Eastern countries over the years who have undertaken impeccable research on a broad array of topics.[12]

The institute has come to be regarded as the preeminent think tank with a regional focus. It has made major contributions to the search for a peaceful resolution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. It produces research with policy assessments of current events, and its recommendations have been adopted by senior policymakers. It has a bipartisan agenda and board, and is respected by both major political parties. It is closer ideologically to the Democratic Party; it generally opposes neoconservative policy.[13]

To underscore its commitment to U.S. policy, the institute only accepts donations from American citizens, foundations, corporations and institutions.

In 2011, the Institute devised a report entitled "Imagining the Border",[14] which received much attention for drafting maps that sought to reconcile the Palestinian demand for sovereignty over the West Bank and the Israeli demand for control over most of the Jewish population there. The report drew heavily on statistical data, and proposed certain land swaps[15] to ensure that a future Palestinian state would be viable and have quality land. The Institute gave briefings to senior American, Israeli, and Palestinian government officials about the maps.[11][16] In November 2017, the research organization created "Settlements and Solutions",[17] which provides interactive maps detailing information about Israeli settlements over the Green Line.

After the takeover of areas of Iraq by the Sunni militant group Daesh (ISIL) in 2014, The New York Times reported that Institute Lafer Fellow[18] Michael Knights [19] had alerted the U.S. National Security Council as early as 2012 to the rising level of insurgency among Iraq's Sunni minority. White House officials questioned his statistics and did not take action.[20]

The Institute has been a forum for the discussion of key issues in U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia. In May 2016, it hosted the former Saudi intelligence chief, Prince Turki bin Faisal al Saud, alongside IDF Maj. Gen. (res.) Yaakov Amidror, a former national security adviser to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, in a rare joint public appearance.[21] Two years later, Dr. Mohammad Al-Issa, secretary-general of the Muslim World League, addressed the Institute and advocated a more moderate and tolerant Islam. [22] Dissident Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi participated in an Institute forum in November 2016 in which he stated that Saudi Arabia should be "rightfully nervous about the Trump presidency," according to The Economist.[23] The magazine reported that Saudi authorities asked Khashoggi to stop writing after the Institute appearance but the journalist chose to live in exile instead. He was assassinated in Istanbul in 2018 while visiting the Saudi consulate.

Activities

The Washington Institute is considered an academic think tank (akin to the Brookings Institution and Public Policy Institute of California), staffed largely by researchers holding doctorate degrees and generally not having a mission affiliated with a particular ideology, as opposed to an advocacy think tank, which is staffed by individuals with strong ideological leanings.[24] Academic think tanks focus on producing extensive research reports and books, whereas advocacy think tanks focus on marketing their ideas with condensed materials. Think tanks of all types typically also organize conferences, provide briefings to legislative committee staff, and testify as policy experts.[24]

The Washington Institute accesses the policy process from many angles: the written word, the spoken word, and personal contact. Institute experts research the region and brief officials in all branches of the U.S. government, both civilian and military.[1] In addition to producing printed long-form monographs, the Institute issues time-sensitive policy briefs which are distributed electronically by e-mail and social media.[25] A Chicago Tribune editorial declared that institute-sponsored polls bring to light trends in popular thinking across the Middle East.[26]

While the institute frequently hosts off-the-record events with policymakers and scholars, its policy forums are public events featuring newsmakers and analysts that are attended by officials and journalists[27] and are broadcast live on-line.[28] The Institute also holds an annual policy conference that convenes policymakers, journalists and diplomats in Washington, D.C., for in-depth discussion and debate on the key Middle East issues facing the United States.[29][30][31]

Institute scholars are public intellectuals who share their analysis frequently in major print and broadcast outlets.[32] All institute output is available through its website in both English[33] and Arabic.[34]

In addition to its permanent resident fellows—a group of experienced policymakers from government and academia—the institute also hosts visiting fellows from around the world. Visiting fellows include both young people beginning their foreign policy careers and veterans who take advantage of a year in Washington, D.C., to study the Middle East from an American vantage point. In cooperation with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and State Department, WINEP offers one-year fellowships that enable rising officers to immerse themselves in the geopolitics of the Middle East and the process of Washington policymaking.[35] The Institute also supports a program for research assistants and interns that provides foreign policy experience for undergraduates and recent college graduates.[36] Several institute alumni now hold positions in the government, military, and academia internationally.

The institute's Scholar-Statesman Award[37] honors individuals "whose public service and professional achievements exemplify sound scholarship and a discerning knowledge of history." Recipients have included former U.S. President Bill Clinton, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair, former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice, and former CIA directors Michael Hayden and George Tenet.[38][39]

Current programs

The Washington Institute currently supports eight in-house research programs:[40]

  • Beth and David Geduld Program on Arab Politics — focuses on social, political, and economic developments in the Arab world.
  • Project on the Middle East Peace Process — analysis on issues of critical concern to Israel and its Arab neighbors.
  • Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy — focuses on the conservative Arab States of the Persian Gulf and their role as a primary source of oil and natural gas.
  • Viterbi Program on Iran and U.S. Policy — analysis, private dialogue, public debate, and operational recommendations to address the challenges posed by Iran.
  • Military and Security Studies Program — issues that affect United States security interests.
  • Jeanette and Eli Reinhard Program on Counterterrorism and Intelligence — analysis of militant groups, their logistical and financial support networks, and counter-terrorism policy.
  • Fikra Forum — to stimulate debate and generate ideas for potential democracy in Arab countries
  • Turkish Research Program — discussion about Turkey's political, diplomatic and strategic environment.

Reception

Praise

In a 2014 study by the University of Pennsylvania's Lauder Institute of all think tanks worldwide, the Washington Institute was ranked 42nd on "Best Transdisciplinary Research Program at a Think Tank" and 42nd on "Think Tanks with Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs".[41]

"You have for almost three decades been engaged in the extraordinarily important work of making ideas matter in some of the most vexing, critically important issues of our time. Ideas do matter, but they matter only if they are ideas that are tested by people who are willing to engage in civil discourse with those who might disagree, people, indeed, who search for the truth. That has been the reputation and the reality of the Institute since it was founded." — former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice.[42]

"For nearly 30 years, the Washington Institute for Near East Policy has helped the United States government better understand and respond to big policy challenges focused in the Middle East." — Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel[43]

Criticism

The organization has been criticized for having strong ties to the pro-Israel lobbying group AIPAC and for being founded by a former AIPAC employee.[44]

In a December 2003 interview on Al Jazeera, Rashid Khalidi, a Palestinian-American professor and director of Columbia University's Middle East Institute, sharply criticized WINEP, stating that it is "the fiercest of the enemies of the Arabs and the Muslims", and describing it as the "most important Zionist propaganda tool in the United States."[45] In response, Martin Kramer, the editor of the Middle East Quarterly and a visiting fellow at WINEP, defended the group, saying that it is "run by Americans, and accepts funds only from American sources," and that it was "outrageous" for Khalidi to denounce Arabs that visited WINEP as "blundering dupes."[46]

John Mearsheimer, a University of Chicago political science professor, and Stephen Walt, academic dean at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government, describe it as "part of the core" of the pro-Israeli lobby in the United States.[47] Discussing the group in their book, The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy, Mearsheimer and Walt write:

Although WINEP plays down its links to Israel and claims that it provides a 'balanced and realistic' perspective on Middle East issues, this is not the case. In fact, WINEP is funded and run by individuals who are deeply committed to advancing Israel's agenda ... Many of its personnel are genuine scholars or experienced former officials, but they are hardly neutral observers on most Middle East issues and there is little diversity of views within WINEP's ranks."[47]

Notable current and former scholars

Several current and former members of WINEP have served in senior positions in the administrations of presidents George H.W. Bush,[48][49] Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama and Donald Trump.[50]

Board of Advisors

As of December 12, 2018 the Washington Institute's advisory board included:[51]

Previous board members

  • Warren Christopher (1925–2011), former Secretary of State
  • Lawrence S. Eagleburger (1930–2011), former Secretary of State
  • Max Kampelman (1920–2013), former American diplomat
  • Samuel W. Lewis (1930–2014), former United States Ambassador to Israel

References
  1. "Mission & History". washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 9 December 2017.
  2. "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy" (PDF). Foundation Center. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  3. Thomas G. Mitchell (8 May 2013). Israel/Palestine and the Politics of a Two-State Solution. McFarland. pp. 164–. ISBN 978-0-7864-7597-1. In 1985 AIPAC's deputy director of Foreign Policy Research, Martin Indyk, a former Australian intelligence official, set up the Washington Institute for Near East Policy as a think tank designed to provide policy output that would influence the executive branch and the media. Indyk created WINEP with AIPAC's blessing and with funding from many AIPAC donors. It was designed to provide more academic-quality and independent research than AIPAC put out. WINEP concentrates on the internal affairs of Middle Eastern countries except Israel and on the foreign and defense policies of these countries. It also provides Israel-friendly prescriptions for the peace process. WINEP has become a serious player in Washington and a supplier of foreign policy officials for both parties.
  4. Diane Stone (1996). Capturing the Political Imagination: Think Tanks and the Policy Process. Frank Cass. p. 275. Dedicated to providing research on the Middle East that is timely, of high quality and policy-relevant, the Washington Institute provides information and analysis on US interests in the Middle East. ... As a source of commentary and analysis, it became well known during the Gulf War.
  5. John J Mearsheimer; Stephen M Walt (26 June 2008). The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 175–176. ISBN 978-0-14-192066-5. Although WINEP plays down its links to Israel and claims that it provides a ‘balanced and realistic’ perspective on Middle East issues, this is not the case. In fact, WINEP is funded and run by individuals who are deeply committed to advancing Israel’s agenda … Many of its personnel are genuine scholars or experienced former officials, but they are hardly neutral observers on most Middle East issues and there is little diversity of views within WINEP’s ranks... This situation highlights that the lobby is not a centralized, hierarchical organization with a defined membership... It has a core consisting of organizations whose declared purpose is to encourage the U.S. government and the American public to provide material aid to Israel and to support its government's policies, as well as influential individuals for whom these goals are also a top priority... a lobbyist for the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), a research fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), or the leadership of organizations like the Anti-Defamation League and Christians United for Israel are part of the core.
  6. Ottoway, David B. (March 24, 1989). "Mideast Institute's Experts and Ideas Ascendant; Latecomer's Go-Slow, Small-Steps Approach Finds Favor With Bush Administration". The Washington Post.
  7. Thomas G. Mitchell (2013). Israel/Palestine and the Politics of a Two-State Solution. McFarland. p. 164.
  8. Itamar Rabinovich. The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations. p. 89.
  9. "Martin Indyk". The Brookings Institution. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  10. Quandt, William B. (2001). Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Inst. Press. p. 293. ISBN 0-520-22374-8.
  11. Mark Landler (January 22, 2011). "Trying to Break Logjam, Scholar Floats an Idea for a Palestinian Map". The New York Times.
  12. Satloff, Robert (25 January 2011). "Robert Satloff responds to the New York Times characterization of the Institute as "a pro-Israel think tank"". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  13. Alexander Murinson (2010). Turkey's Entente with Israel and Azerbaijan: State identity and security in the Middle East and Caucasus. Routledge. pp. 71–72. Ideologically WINEP is closer to the Democratic Party. Generally it opposes the 'neoconservative' agenda in Washington. ... The Washington Institute has acquired a reputation as the leading institute among think tanks with a regional focus. Specifically it made major contributions to the search for a resolution of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. ... It is the most influential think tank in Washington with a bipartisan agenda. ... Due to its privileged position within both Republican and Democratic White House administrations over the last three decades, the Washington Institute was able to go beyond influence; the American government on some occasions adopted WINEP's policy prescriptions.
  14. "Imagining the Border:". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  15. "West Bank Map". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  16. Makovsky, David (September 11, 2011). "Mapping Mideast Peace". The New York Times.
  17. "Settlements and Solutions". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  18. Fred S. Lafer was the third president of WINEP. (Fred Lafer, longtime Jewish leader, dies, May 1, 2013. Accessed 23 January 2015.)
  19. "Michael Knights - The Washington Institute for Near East Policy". washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  20. Baker, Peter (June 22, 2014). "Relief Over U.S. Exit From Iraq Fades as Reality Overtakes Hope". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  21. Cortellessa, Eric (6 May 2016). "In rare joint appearance, Saudi prince, ex-Netanyahu adviser spar over peace". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  22. Satloff, Robert (3 May 2018). "Islam and Countering Radical Ideology". National Cable Satellite Corporation. Retrieved 19 December 2018.
  23. https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/07/26/how-free-expression-is-suppressed-in-saudi-arabia
  24. Vincent N. Parrillo (2008). Encyclopedia of Social Problems, Volume 1. SAGE Publications. pp. 1049–50. Political scientists generally differentiate think tanks based on the nature of their work. ... Examples of academic think tanks include the Brookings Institution, Public Policy Institute of California, and the Washington Institute for Near East Policy. ... Both academic and contract think tanks have a 'muted ideology' and as such tend not to have a mission affiliated with a particular political perspective. ... Lengthy research reports and books are more typical of the publications produced by academic and contract think tanks, while advocacy think tanks put more emphasis on producing policy briefs, summary reports, thought pieces, and newsletters.
  25. "Publications". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. self-published.
  26. Ignatius, David (August 5, 2014). "Defang Hamas and give Gazans a fresh start". Chicago Tribune. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  27. "Israeli-Palestinian Conflict". C-SPAN. August 7, 2014. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  28. "Event Broadcasts". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  29. "Annual Conference". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  30. "U.S. Blames Israelis, Palestinians for Failed Mideast Talks". NBC News. May 9, 2014. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  31. "News Transcript". U.S. Dept. of Defense. Defense.Gov. May 9, 2012. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  32. "Press Room". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  33. "The Washington Institute for Near East Policy - The Washington Institute for Near East Policy". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  34. "معهد واشنطن - معهد واشنطن لسياسة الشرق الأدنى". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  35. "Experts". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  36. "Employment". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  37. "Scholar-Statesman Award Dinner - The Washington Institute for Near East Policy". www.washingtoninstitute.org.
  38. "Scholar Statesman Dinner". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  39. Pollak, Suzanne (December 10, 2012). "Ross, Abrams and Jeffrey see strike by '14 if Iran does not comply". JTA. JTA. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  40. "Research Programs - The Washington Institute for Near East Policy". washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  41. "The 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index". University of Pennsylvania. 2015-02-04. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  42. "Scholar-Statesman". WINEP. self-published. Retrieved 26 August 2014.
  43. "News Transcript". U.S. Dept. of Defense. U.S. Dept. of Defense. May 9, 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2014.
  44. Rosenberg, M.J. (27 August 2011). "Who funds Muslim-baiting in the US?". Al-Jazeera.
  45. "الواقع من الخيال في مشاريع الكونغرس الأميركي – From Washington". aljazeera.net. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  46. "Columbia's Radical Caravan" by Martin Kramer, New York Sun, January 6, 2004.
  47. Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. (2007). The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy. Macmillan. pp. 175–6. ISBN 978-0-374-17772-0.
  48. Ismael, Tareq Y.; Ismael, Jacqueline S. (1994). The Gulf War and the new world order: international relations of the Middle East. University Press of Florida. p. 333. ISBN 978-0-8130-1264-3.
  49. "The myth of the 'Jewish lobby'". Frontline. Vol. 20 no. 20. 2003-10-10. Archived from the original on 2006-06-29.
  50. "Obama's Influential Mideast Envoy to Resign". The New York Times. Retrieved 28 September 2017.
  51. "Board of Advisors". Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved 24 May 2013.

Further reading

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