Straight Outta Compton

Straight Outta Compton, is the debut studio album by the American rap group N.W.A, formed in the Los Angeles area's City of Compton. Released on August 8, 1988,[1] by Ruthless Records, cofounded by N.W.A member Eazy-E, the album was produced by N.W.A members Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. (Incidentally, this is N.W.A's only studio album with producer Arabian Prince, gone since late 1988, and with rapper Ice Cube, gone since late 1989, although both figure into the group's 1987 compilation album, N.W.A and the Posse—which, if to little notice, had debuted the group—whereas MC Ren, alike Eazy, Dre, and Yella, is on both of N.W.A's studio albums, this and May 1991's Niggaz4Life.)

Straight Outta Compton
Studio album by
N.W.A
ReleasedAugust 8, 1988 (1988-08-08)[1]
Recorded1987–88
StudioAudio Achievements, Torrance, California
Genre
Length60:16
Label
  • Ruthless
  • Priority
Producer
N.W.A chronology
N.W.A. and the Posse
(1987)		 Straight Outta Compton
(1988)		 100 Miles and Runnin'
(1990)
Singles from Straight Outta Compton
  1. "Straight Outta Compton"
    Released: July 10, 1988
  2. "Gangsta Gangsta"
    Released: September 5, 1988
  3. "Express Yourself"
    Released: March 27, 1989

Straight Outta Compton peaked at number 37 on Billboard's Top LPs chart and at the 9th spot on Billboard's Top Soul LPs.[3] "Fuck tha Police", the track most controversial, spurred alarm that N.W.A was the "World's Most Dangerous Group".[4] Yet at this album's success, with much media attention and with platinum sales despite scarce radio play beyond the Los Angeles area,[5] other rappers increasingly followed suit with violent and lewd lyrics,[6] although N.W.A itself disbanded in 1991 with Dr. Dre's departure. As the 1990s closed, N.W.A's splintering and ripple effects, via the solo careers of N.W.A alumni Ice Cube and especially Dr. Dre, gangsta rap had transformed rap, R&B, and pop music while reshaping pop culture.[7]

Remastered, the album's reissue arrived on September 24, 2002, with four bonus tracks. For the 20th anniversary, an extended version arrived on December 4, 2007.[8] And in November 2015, months after its reissue on red cassettes of limited edition,[9] the album reached triple-platinum sales. In 2003, Rolling Stone magazine, ranking the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, placed this 1988 album of N.W.A at the 144th spot—incidentally, then fifth among rap albums—an overall ranking perpetuated in the list's 2012 update.[10] In 2016, Straight Outta Compton became the first rap album inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[11] And the United States Library of Congress, in 2017, enshrined Straight Outta Compton, for its being "culturally, historically, or artistically significant", in the National Recording Registry.[12]

Background

The album attained triple-platinum sales, initially reaching platinum despite scarce radio play beyond the Los Angeles area,[13] where Greg Mack, on KDAY radio, granted N.W.A effectively direct access.[5]

As the hip hop community worldwide received the album with a high note, the members of N.W.A became the top stars for the emerging new era of gangsta rap while popularizing the lyrics of Ice Cube and MC Ren. The album also helped to spawn many young MCs and gangsta hip hop groups from areas such as Compton, California, and South Central Los Angeles, as many thought they had the same story to tell and the ability to pursue the career track that N.W.A had taken,[7] hence the formation of groups such as Compton's Most Wanted.[14]

Because of the recurring violent and sexual lyrics and profanity, often specifically directed at governmental organizations such as the LAPD, N.W.A always enjoyed a particular reputation with U.S. Senators and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), as noted in the LP's published notes. This situation persisted over the years with the group's visible head, Eazy-E. One of the reasons for this was "Fuck tha Police", the highly controversial track from the album that resulted in the FBI and the U.S. Secret Service sending a letter to Ruthless Records informing the label of their displeasure with the song's message, and that N.W.A was banned from performing at several venues.[13][15] The FBI letter only helped further popularize the album and N.W.A.; In the group's 1990 song "100 Miles and Runnin'", while the music video shows the crew running from the police, Dr. Dre raps "and now the FBI is all over my dick!" as a response to the FBI's warnings.[16] Also, in his 1990 song "AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted", Ice Cube mocks the FBI with the line "With a pay-off, cop gotta lay off, FBI on my dick, stay off".[17]

Music

Lyrics

The lyrics on the album were written by Ice Cube, MC Ren, and The D.O.C. Some critics of the album expressed their view that the record glamorized Black-on-Black crime, but others stated that the group was simply showing the reality of living in the areas of Compton, California, and South Central Los Angeles. Steve Huey in a retrospective review for AllMusic feels that the lyrics are more about "raising hell" than social criticism, but also feels the album is "refreshingly uncalculated" due to its humor—something he feels is rare in hardcore rap.[7]

Many critics feel that the album's lyrics glamorize gang violence. The Washington Post writer David Mills wrote: "The hard-core street rappers defend their violent lyrics as a reflection of 'reality'. But for all the gunshots they mix into their music, rappers rarely try to dramatize that reality — a young man flat on the ground, a knot of lead in his chest, pleading as death slowly takes him in. It's easier for them to imagine themselves pulling the trigger". However, Wichita Eagle-Beacon editor Bud Norman noted that "They N.W.A don't make it sound like much fun ... They describe it with the same nonjudgmental resignation that a Kansan might use about a tornado."[18]

Production

The production on the album was generally seen as top-quality for the time,[19] with Dr. Dre's production performing well with the drum machine beats and DJ Yella's turntable scratches. Some critics find it somewhat sparse and low-budget given the significance of the album and compared with other producers of the time, such as Marley Marl.[7]

Content

The album's most controversial track, "Fuck tha Police", was partly responsible for the fame of N.W.A as the "World's Most Dangerous Group",[4] and it did not appear on the censored version of the album.[20] The song "Gangsta Gangsta" talks about the danger and violence in South Central and Compton. "Express Yourself" speaks of the ideas of free expression and the constraints placed on performers by radio censorship. Every N.W.A member except DJ Yella recorded a solo song. MC Ren made his solo performance on two songs; "If It Ain't Ruff" and "Quiet on tha Set". Dr. Dre, who mostly produced rather than performed, did a solo effort on the single "Express Yourself". Ice Cube performed on "I Ain't tha 1". Eazy-E's only solo recording was a remix of the song "8 Ball", which appeared on N.W.A's previous album N.W.A. and the Posse. The only guests on the album were Ruthless Records ghostwriter the D.O.C., who appeared on "Parental Discretion Iz Advised", rhyming the intro, and founding N.W.A member Arabian Prince, who contributed minor vocals on "Something 2 Dance 2".

Six tracks from the album were released on N.W.A's Greatest Hits: "Gangsta Gangsta", "Fuck tha Police", "Straight Outta Compton" (extended mix), "If It Ain't Ruff", "I Ain't tha 1" and "Express Yourself".

Critical reception
Professional ratings
Review scores
SourceRating
AllMusic[7]
Blender[21]
Chicago Tribune[22]
Encyclopedia of Popular Music[23]
Los Angeles Times[24]
Pitchfork9.7/10[25]
Q[26]
Rolling Stone[27]
Uncut[28]
The Village VoiceB[29]

In a contemporary review for the Chicago Tribune, Greg Kot found N.W.A.'s music "fuller and funkier" than Public Enemy's and their lyrics just as "unforgiving".[22] The Orange County Register noted the explicit language on the album, noting that it made fellow rapper Ice-T "look like a Cub Scout".[30] The review concluded that the album was "curiously uninvolving" and that it "lacks the insight and passion that put the best work by the likes of Boogie Down Productions, Ice-T and Public Enemy so far ahead of the field".[30] The Richmond Times-Dispatch's Mark Holmberg described the album as "a preacher-provoking, mother-maddening, reality-stinks diatribe that wallows in gangs, doping, drive-by shootings, brutal sexism, cop slamming and racism".[18] Newsweek noted that Straight Outta Compton "introduced some of the most grotesquely exciting music ever made", and added that "Hinting at gang roots, and selling themselves on those hints, they project a gangster mystique that pays no attention where criminality begins and marketing lets off".[18]

Following its 2002 re-release, Jon Caramanica of Rolling Stone magazine cited Straight Outta Compton as one of hip-hop's "most crucial albums", calling it a "bombastic, cacophonous car ride through Los Angeles' burnt-out and ignored hoods."[27]

"The lyrics on this record are unrelenting in their unpleasantness," lamented Peter Clarke in Hi-Fi News & Record Review, awarding the album a rock-bottom "D:4" rating. "The cumulative effect is like listening to an endless fight next door. The music on this record is without a hint of dynamics or melody."[31] "In the wake of Public Enemy and KRS-One, it is amazing that something this lightweight could cause such a stir," stated Charlie Dick in a two-star review for Q. "The all-mouth-and-trousers content is backed up by likable drum machine twittering, minimal instrumentation and duffish production ... This regressive nonsense will be passed off as social commentary by thrill-seekers all across the free world."[26]

Accolades

"It's definitely the best rap record I've ever heard," remarked Sinéad O'Connor. "Of course, I can see why people might be offended by the lyrics. But as a human being and not as a public figure, I'm not offended at all. I realise from reading interviews with people like Ice Cube, when they explain that they're not talking about women in general but about particular women they know, it makes a lot of sense. I think the sound of the record is brilliant. I really like hardcore hip-hop and reggae stuff, so it's right up my flight of stairs."[32]

"Rappers haven't always referred to themselves as 'niggers' on record," remarked Hip Hop Connection, placing it at No.3 on their countdown of rap's best albums. "It came as something of a shock then that here were five politically astute black men calling themselves niggers and their women bitches at a time when Afrocentric rap was the current vogue ... Straight Outta Compton sounded so exciting, insignificant details such as realism and integrity could be overlooked."[33]

In 2003, the TV network VH1 named Straight Outta Compton the 62nd greatest album of all time.[34]

It was ranked ten in Spin magazine's "100 Greatest Albums, 1985–2005".[35]

In 1998, the album was selected as #68 of The Source's 100 Best Rap Albums.[36]

It is the group's only album on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time (ranked #144), and the first hip hop album ever to get a 5-star rating from them in their initial review. When comedian Chris Rock wrote an article for the magazine about the 25 Greatest Hip Hop Albums of all time in 2005, Straight Outta Compton was number one on his list.[37]

The album is ranked the 112th best of all time by Acclaimedmusic.net.[38]

In 2006, the album was listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.[39] The same year, Time magazine ranked it as one of the 100 greatest albums of all time.[40]

Q magazine voted it one of the 'Top 50 Titles of 1989'. Alternative Press ranked it #45 in AP's list of the 'Top 99 of '85–'95'.[41] Vibe included it in Vibe's 100 Essential Albums of the 20th Century.[42] In 2004, DigitaArts included the album's cover in its list of the 25 Best Albums Covers.[43] In 2012, Slant listed the album at #18 on its list of "Best Albums of the 1980s" saying "The juxtaposition of midtempo, Cali-languid grooves and violent wordplay positioned Straight Outta Compton as the sound of the West Coast firing on New York's Fort Sumpter in what would become '90s culture's biggest Uncivil War."[44]

In November 2016, the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame, becoming the first hip-hop album to receive this honor.[11]

Commercial performance

The album first appeared on music charts in 1989, peaking on the US Billboard Top LPs chart at number 37, and peaking on Billboard's Top Soul LPs at number 9.[3] It re-entered the charts in 2003, peaking on the UK Albums Top 75 at number 35, and on the Ireland Albums Top 75 at number 20.[45]

The album has sold over three million copies[15][46] and was certified triple platinum on November 11, 2015.[47] It was N.W.A's best-selling album, as their debut, N.W.A and the Posse, was certified gold by the RIAA. Their final album, Niggaz4Life, was certified double platinum by the RIAA. According to Priority Records' calculations, 80% of sales were in the suburbs, beyond the boundaries of black neighborhoods.[46] A week before release of the 2015 biopic film Straight Outta Compton, the album re-entered the Billboard 200 at number 173. It later rose to number 30 due to the popularity of the film, surpassing its original peak position back in 1989 when it peaked at number 37.[48] The album peaked at number 4 following the opening weekend of the movie.[49] On November 11, 2015, the album was certified triple platinum by the RIAA for exceeding sales of 3 million copies in the US.[50]

The album cover and title has been parodied by American cartoonist Bill Holbrook for his Kevin and Kell 2004 collection as "Straight Outta Computers";[51] Welsh novelty hip hop group Goldie Lookin Chain for their 2005 album, Straight Outta Newport;[52] "Weird Al" Yankovic's 2006 album, Straight Outta Lynwood; and Australian grindcore band Blood Duster's 1997 album Str8 Outta Northcote. Punk rock band NOFX released a song, "Straight Outta Massachusetts", on their Cokie the Clown EP. In the 2014 film 22 Jump Street, Mrs. Dickson states that she's "straight outta Compton" when talking about her and her husband's (played by Ice Cube) backgrounds.[53] In 2015, a biopic 'about the group, 'Straight Outta Compton, was released.[54]

Artwork

The Miracle Mile Shot is a still photograph of N.W.A. created by L.A. photographer/artist Ithaka Darin Pappas, that was used as the official press photo for the album. It was subsequently printed in hundreds of newspapers and magazines during 1989, including the May 1989 cover of The Source to illustrate the article, "California Rap Hits Nationwide!".[55][56][57][58][59]

Since 2013 (the 25th anniversary of Straight Outta Compton) and the 2015 release of Universal's feature film Straight Outta Compton about N.W.A., the image has been republished in Rolling Stone, Q Magazine (UK), The Hundreds, Mass Appeal, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Times, Blitz Magazine (Portugal) and many others, and was used as the primary backdrop for the entire NWA segment of the 2016 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony in Brooklyn, New York City, New York.[60] The Miracle Mile Shot was used as the DVD cover of the 2015 documentary, Kings Of Compton.[61][62][63][64]

From Early 2017 until January 2018, The Miracle Mile Shot appeared in the group hip hop photography and culture show, "Hip-Hop : un Age d'Or 1970–1995" (Hip Hop Golden Age 1970–1995), at the Musée d'art contemporain de Marseille in France. The exhibition was curated by artist and hip hop historian, Siba Giba and museum director, Thierry Ollat.[65][66][67]

The Miracle Mile Shot was made on November 11, 1988 at the photographer's small studio-apartment in the Miracle Mile district of Los Angeles. During the same session promotional images of the young female rapper, Big Lady K, and images of Eazy E to promote his album, Eazy-Duz-It (released almost simultaneously with Straight Outta Compton) were also made to promote his album Eazy-er Said Than Dunn.[68][69]

Of the only two or three rolls of film made of N.W.A as a group that day, The Miracle Mile Shot was selected as the press image. It is the only existing image of all five prominent members of the group; DJ Yella, Dr. Dre, Eazy E, Ice Cube and MC Ren without sunglasses and all looking at the camera.

Track listing
  • All songs were produced by Dr. Dre and DJ Yella
No. Title Writer(s) Performer(s) Samples[70][71] Length
1 "Straight Outta Compton"
  • Ice Cube
  • MC Ren
  • Eazy-E
  • "Funky Drummer" by James Brown
  • "You'll Like It Too" by Funkadelic
  • "West Coast Poplock" by Ronnie Hudson and the Street People
  • "Get Me Back on Time, Engine No. 9" by Wilson Pickett
  • "Amen, Brother" by The Winstons
  • "One for the Treble" by Davy DMX
 4:18
2 "Fuck tha Police"[72]
  • Ice Cube
  • MC Ren
  • Ice Cube
  • MC Ren
  • Eazy-E
  • "Funky President (People It's Bad)" by James Brown
  • "It's My Thing" by Marva Whitney
  • "Boogie Back" by Roy Ayers
  • "Feel Good" by Fancy
  • "Funky Drummer" by James Brown
  • "Ruthless Villain" by Eazy-E
  • "Be Thankful for What You Got" by William DeVaughn
 5:45
3 "Gangsta Gangsta"
  • Ice Cube
  • MC Ren
  • The D.O.C.
  • Ice Cube
  • Eazy-E
  • MC Ren
  • "Weak at the Knees" by Steve Arrington
  • "Troglodyte" by Jimmy Castor Bunch
  • "Be Thankful for What You Got" by William DeVaughn
  • "Impeach the President" by The Honey Drippers
  • "N.T." by Kool & the Gang
  • "Funky Worm" by Ohio Players
  • "Prison" by Richard Pryor
  • "My Philosophy" by Boogie Down Productions (KRS-One)
  • "La Di Da Di" by Doug E. Fresh and Slick Rick
  • "Girls" by Beastie Boys
  • "Ruthless Villain" by Eazy-E
  • "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band
 5:36
4 "If It Ain't Ruff"
  • MC Ren
  • MC Ren
  • "A Star in the Ghetto" by Average White Band
  • "Quiet on tha Set" and "Straight Outta Compton" by N.W.A
  • "Ruthless Villain" by Eazy-E
  • "Don't Believe the Hype" by Public Enemy
 3:34
5 "Parental Discretion Iz Advised"
  • The D.O.C. (also for Dr. Dre)
  • MC Ren
  • Ice Cube
  • The D.O.C.
  • Dr. Dre
  • MC Ren
  • Ice Cube
  • Eazy-E
 5:15
6 "8 Ball (Remix)"
  • Ice Cube
  • Eazy-E
  • "It's My Beat" by Sweet Tea
  • "Be Thankful for What You Got" by William DeVaughn
  • "Yes, We Can Can" by The Pointer Sisters
  • "(You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!)", "The New Style", "Girls", "Paul Revere", and "Hold It Now, Hit It" by Beastie Boys
  • "Terminator X Speaks With His Hands" and "Too Much Posse" by Public Enemy
  • "Hollywood Swinging" by Kool & the Gang
  • "Let's Get It On" by Marvin Gaye
  • "Go See the Doctor" by Kool Moe Dee
  • "Boyz-n-the-Hood" by Eazy-E
  • "My Melody" by Eric B. & Rakim
 4:52
7 "Something Like That"
  • MC Ren (also for Dr. Dre)
  • MC Ren
  • Dr. Dre
  • "Down on the Avenue" by Fat Larry's Band
  • "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band
  • "I Think I'll Do It" by Z. Z. Hill
 3:35
8 "Express Yourself"
  • Ice Cube
  • Dr. Dre
  • "Express Yourself" by Charles Wright & the Watts 103rd Street Rhythm Band
  • "Dopeman" by N.W.A
 4:25
9 "Compton's N the House (Remix)"
  • MC Ren (also for Dr. Dre)
  • MC Ren
  • Dr. Dre
  • "Something Like That" by N.W.A
 5:20
10 "I Ain't tha 1"
  • Ice Cube
  • Ice Cube
  • "The Message (Inspiration)" by Brass Construction
 4:54
11 "Dopeman (Remix)"
  • Ice Cube
  • Ice Cube
  • Eazy-E
  • "Dance to the Drummer's Beat" by Herman Kelly and Life
  • "Funky Worm" by Ohio Players
  • "My Posse" by C.I.A.
 5:20
12 "Quiet On tha Set"
  • MC Ren
  • MC Ren
  • "Down to the Grissle" by Cool C
  • "Funky Drummer" by James Brown
  • "I Get Lifted" by George McCrae
  • "Rock Creek Park" by The Blackbyrds
  • "Take the Money and Run" by Steve Miller Band
  • "Straight Outta Compton" by N.W.A
  • "On the Bugged Tip" by Big Daddy Kane
  • "Rebel Without a Pause" by Public Enemy
 3:59
13 "Something 2 Dance 2"
  • Arabian Prince
  • Arabian Prince
  • DJ Yella
  • Dr. Dre
  • Eazy-E
  • "You're the One for Me" by D-Train
  • "Dance to the Music" by Sly and the Family Stone
 3:23
2002 reissue bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length
14."Express Yourself" (extended mix)
  • Ice Cube
  • MC Ren
  • Dr. Dre
  • MC Ren
  • Ice Cube
4:42
15."Bonus Beats"  3:03
16."Straight Outta Compton" (extended mix)
  • Ice Cube
  • The D.O.C.
  • MC Ren
  • MC Ren
  • Eazy-E
  • Ice Cube
4:53
17."A Bitch Iz a Bitch"Ice CubeIce Cube3:10
2007 reissue (20th Anniversary Edition) bonus tracks
No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length
14."---- tha Police" (tribute remix)
  • MC Ren
  • Eazy-E
Bone Thugs-n-Harmony5:02
15."Gangsta Gangsta" (tribute remix)
  • Eazy-E
  • MC Ren
4:39
16."Dopeman" (tribute remix)
  • Ice Cube
  • Eazy-E
Mack 104:01
17."If It Ain't Ruff" (tribute remix)MC RenWC3:44
18."Compton's n the House" (live)
  • Dr. Dre
  • Eazy-E
  • Dr. Dre
  • MC Ren
2:02

Personnel
  • Eazy-E – rapping (seven songs)
  • Ice Cube – rapping (six songs)
  • MC Ren – rapping (eight songs)
  • Arabian Prince – keyboards & drum programming (five songs) & rapping (one song),
  • Dr. Dre – keyboards & drum programming (five songs), rapping (five songs)
  • DJ Yella – sampling & drum programming (seven songs), rapping (one song)
  • The D.O.C. (guest) – rapping (one song)

Charts
Chart (1989)[3][45] Peak
position
US Billboard Top LPs 37
US Billboard Top Soul LPs 9
Chart (1991) Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[73] 51
New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[74] 43
Chart (2003)[3][45] Peak
position
Irish Albums Chart 20
UK Albums Chart 35
Chart (2015–16)[48] Peak
position
Australian Albums (ARIA)[75] 8
Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[76] 55
French Albums (SNEP)[77] 17
German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[78] 36
Irish Albums (IRMA)[79] 7
Italian Vinyl Records (FIMI)[80] 15
Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[81] 38
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[82] 54
UK R&B Albums (OCC)[83] 6
US Billboard 200 50

Certifications
Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[84] Platinum 300,000^
United States (RIAA)[85] 3× Platinum 3,000,000^

^shipments figures based on certification alone

See also
  • Straight Outta Compton: N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute

References
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  2. "Straight Outta Compton – N.W.A – Songs, Reviews, Credits – AllMusic". AllMusic.
  3. N.W.A – Discography, Charts and Awards. Allmusic. Accessed October 9, 2007.
  4. McDermott, Terry (April 14, 2002). "NWA:Straight Outta Compton pt". Los Angeles Times. Reprinted at Hip Hop News. Retrieved August 15, 2015.
  5. David Diallo, ch 10 "From electro-rap to G-funk: A social history of rap music in Los Angeles and Compton, California", in Mickey Hess, ed., Hip Hop in America: A Regional Guide, Volume 1: East Coast and West Coast (Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, 2010), pp 234–238.
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Bibliography

  • Nathan Brackett, Christian Hoard (2004). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide. Completely Revised and Updated 4th Edition. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
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