Predestination
Predestination, in Christian theology, is the doctrine that all events have been willed by God, usually with reference to the eventual fate of the individual soul.[1] Explanations of predestination often seek to address the "paradox of free will", whereby God's omniscience seems incompatible with human free will. In this usage, predestination can be regarded as a form of religious determinism; and usually predeterminism, also known as theological determinism.
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See also
- Biochemical Predestination
- Theological determinism
- Clockwork universe
- Fatalism
- Providentialism
- Vocation
References
- "Predestination", The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy, Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005. 13 Jun 2011 at Dictionary.com
- Levering 2011, p. 15.
- Levering 2011, p. 16.
- Levering 2011, p. 17.
- Levering 2011, p. 25.
- Levering 2011, p. 29.
- Levering 2011, p. 31.
- Levering 2011, p. 32.
- Levering 2011, p. 33.
- Levering 2011, p. 38.
- Levering 2011, p. 39–40.
- Levering 2011, p. 44.
- Levering 2011, p. 48-49.
- Levering 2011, p. 47–48.
- James 1998, p. 102.
- Chadwick 1993, p. 232.
- Chadwick 1993, p. 233.
- Levering 2011, p. 37.
- Levering 2011, p. 60.
- Levering 2011, p. 70.
- Levering 2011, p. 69.
- Levering 2011, p. 74.
- Levering 2011, p. 80.
- Levering 2011, p. 78.
- Levering 2011, p. 78–79.
- Levering 2011, p. 88.
- Levering 2011, p. 89.
- Levering 2011, p. 102.
- Levering 2011, p. 104.
- Levering 2011, p. 105–106.
- James 1998, p. 30; Trueman 1994, p. 69.
- St. Theophan the Recluse, An Explanation of Certain Texts of Holy Scripture, as quoted in Johanna Manley's The Bible and the Holy Fathers for Orthodox: Daily Scripture Readings and Commentary for Orthodox Christians, pg. 609.
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, section 1037
- Catholic Encyclopedia entry on entry on Predestination
- the encyclical Redemptoris Missio, chapter 1, section 10
- Catechism of the Catholic Church, section 600
- Augustine of Hippo. "In What Respects Predestination and Grace Differ". Anti Pelagian Writings. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- Aquinas, Thomas. "Whether God Reprobates any Man". Summa Theologica. Retrieved 23 March 2013.
- Table drawn, though not copied, from Lange, Lyle W. God So Loved the World: A Study of Christian Doctrine. Milwaukee: Northwestern Publishing House, 2006. p. 448.
- Peterson, Robert A.; Michael D. Williams (2004). Why I am not an Arminian. Downers Grove, Illinois: Intervarsity Press. p. 132. ISBN 0-8308-3248-3.
- Acts 13:48, Eph. 1:4–11, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 585–9, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 1. The Definition of the Term", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 124–8, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 176.
- 2 Thess. 2:13, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 589–593, section "The Doctrine of Eternal Election: 2. How Believers are to Consider Their Election, and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 127–8, Part XXXI. "The Election of Grace", paragraph 180.
- 1 Tim. 2:4, 2 Pet. 3:9, Epitome of the Formula of Concord, Article 11, Election, and Engelder's Popular Symbolics, Part XXXI. The Election of Grace, pp. 124–8.
- Hos. 13:9, Mueller, J.T., Christian Dogmatics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. p. 637, section "The Doctrine of the Last Things (Eschatology), part 7. "Eternal Damnation", and Engelder, T.E.W., Popular Symbolics. St. Louis: Concordia Publishing House, 1934. pp. 135–6, Part XXXIX. "Eternal Death", paragraph 196.
- "Gospel Topics: Foreordination", churchofjesuschrist.org, LDS Church
- McConkie, Bruce R. (May 1974). "God Foreordains His Prophets and His People". Cite journal requires
|journal=
(help) - "Agency". churchofjesuschrist.org. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- "Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, (Henry Beveridge, trans.), III.21.5". Archived from the original on 29 August 2006. Retrieved 21 June 2006.
- Westminster Confession of faith, Ch 3
- Here, sub- is opposed to super- or supra- in a sense related to volition and/or necessity. Cf., for relapse of same origin, http://freedictionary.org/index.php?Query=relapse&database=%2A&strategy=exact : L. relapsus, p. p. of relabi to slip back, to relapse.
- James 1998, p. 147.
- James 1998, p. 30.
- Trueman 1994, p. 69.
- Calvin, John. Institutes of Christian Religion. Book Three, Chapter 3.CS1 maint: location (link)
- Brian Abasciano (25 October 2013). "The FACTS of Salvation: A Summary of Arminian Theology/the Biblical Doctrines of Grace". Society of Evengelical Arminians. Retrieved 18 May 2017.
Sources
- Calvin, John. Institutes of the Christian Religion, (Henry Beveridge, trans.)
- Chadwick, Henry (1993). The Early Church. Penguin.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- James, Frank A., III (1998). Peter Martyr Vermigli and Predestination: The Augustinian Inheritance of an Italian Reformer. Oxford: Clarendon – via Questia.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Levering, Matthew (2011). Predestination: Biblical and Theological Paths. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-960452-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
- Trueman, Carl R. (1994). Luther's Legacy: Salvation and English Reformers, 1525-1556. Oxford: Clarendon – via Questia.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Further reading
- Leif Dixon, Practical Predestinarians in England, c. 1590 – 1640; Farnham, Ashgate, 2013, ISBN 9781409463863. Book review at
- Akin, James. The Salvation Controversy. San Diego, Calif.: Catholic Answers, 2001. Vid. p. 77, 83–87, explaining the resemblances of this Catholic dogma with, and the divergences from, the teaching of Calvin and Luther on this matter. ISBN 1-888992-18-2
- Garrigou-Lagrange, Réginald. Predestination. Rockford, Ill.: TAN Books, 1998, cop. 1939. N.B.: Trans. of the author's La Prédestination des saints et la grâce; reprint of the 1939 ed. of the trans. published by G. Herder Book Co., Saint Louis, Mo. ISBN 0-89555-634-0 pbk.
- Park, Jae-Eun, John Knox's Doctrine of Predestination and Its Practical Application for His Ecclesiology, 5, 2 (2013): 65–90: Puritan Reformed JournalCS1 maint: location (link).
- _______. "John Plaifere (d.1632) on Conditional Predestination: A Well-mixed Version of scientia media and Resistible Grace." Reformation & Renaissance Review, 18.2 (2016): 155-73.
External links
- "Determinism in Theology: Predestination" by Robert M. Kindon in The Dictionary of the History of Ideas (1973–74)
- "The question asked was does God know the future and how we will turn out."
- Predestination
- Understanding Predestination in Islam
- Detailed Lecture on Islamic Perspective on Fate
- Occurrences of "predestination" in the Bible text (ESV)
- The Reformed Doctrine of Predestination (1932) by Loraine Boettner (conservative Calvinist perspective)
- The Biblical Doctrine Of Predestination, Foreordination, and Election by F. Furman Kearley (Arminian perspective)
- "Predestination" from The Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)
- Academic articles on predestination and election (Lutheran perspective)
- Predestination and Free Will Overview of the concept of predestination from the Protestant and Catholic perspectives
- On the Presuppositions of our Personal Salvation Grace and predestination from the Orthodox perspective
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