Palm Beach, Florida

Palm Beach is an incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. Located on an island in east-central Palm Beach County, the town is separated from several neighboring cities including West Palm Beach and Lake Worth Beach because of the Intracoastal Waterway to its west, though Palm Beach borders a small section of the latter and South Palm Beach at its southern boundaries. As of 2010 census, Palm Beach had a year-round population of 8,348 and an estimated population of 8,802 in 2018, with an increase to approximately 25,000 people between November and April.

Palm Beach, Florida
Town
Town of Palm Beach
Palm Beach proper in 2011

Flag

Seal
Nickname(s): 
"The Island"
Palm Beach, Florida
Palm Beach, Florida
Coordinates: 26°42′54″N 80°2′22″W
Country United States
State Florida
County Palm Beach
Settled (Lake Worth Settlement)c. 1872[1][2][3]
Settled (Palm Beach Settlement)January 9, 1878-April 16, 1911[1][2][3][4][5]
Incorporated (Town of Palm Beach)April 17, 1911[1][2][3]
Government
  TypeCouncil-Manager
  MayorGail L. Coniglio
  Council PresidentDanielle Hickox Moore
  CouncilmembersJulie Araskog, Lewis "Lew" Crampton, Barbara "Bobbie" Lindsay and Council President Pro Tem
Margaret A. Zeidman
  Town ManagerKirk Blouin
Area
  Total8.12 sq mi (21.03 km2)
  Land4.20 sq mi (10.89 km2)
  Water3.92 sq mi (10.14 km2)
Elevation
7 ft (2 m)
Population
 (2010)
  Total8,348
  Estimate 
(2018)[7]
8,802
  Density2,067.08/sq mi (798.14/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
  Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
33480
Area code(s)561
FIPS code12-54025[8]
GNIS feature ID0288390[9]
Websitetownofpalmbeach.com

Settlers began arriving in modern-day Palm Beach as early as 1872 and opened a post office about five years later. Elisha Newton "Cap" Dimick, later the town's first mayor, established Palm Beach's first hotel, the Cocoanut Grove House, in 1880. However, it was Standard Oil tycoon Henry Flagler who became instrumental in transforming the island of jungles and swamps into a winter resort for the wealthy. Flagler and his workers constructed the Royal Poinciana Hotel in 1894, The Breakers in 1896, and Whitehall in 1902; extended Florida East Coast Railway southward to the area by 1894; and developed a separate city to house hotel workers, which later became West Palm Beach. The town of Palm Beach officially incorporated on April 17, 1911. Addison Mizner also contributed significantly to the town's history, designing 64 structures, including El Mirasol, the Everglades Club, and the William Gray Warden House.

The town remains well-known for its past and present famous and wealthy full-time and part-time residents, including United States presidents John F. Kennedy and Donald Trump. In 2018, Palm Beach ranked as 27th-wealthiest place in the United States according to Bloomberg News.[10] Palm Beach is also noted for upscale shopping districts such as Worth Avenue, Royal Poinciana Plaza, and the Royal Poinciana Way Historic District.

History

Settlers began arriving in modern-day Palm Beach by 1872.[5] Hiram F. Hammon made the first homestead claim in 1873 along Lake Worth. At the time, the lake area had a population of less than 12 people. By 1877, the Tustenegee Post Office was established in modern-day Palm Beach, becoming the lake area's first post office.[2] Along the coast of Palm Beach, the Providencia wrecked in 1878 with a cargo of 20,000 coconuts, which were quickly planted.[5] In 1880, Elisha Newton "Cap" Dimick converted his private residence to a hotel known as the Cocoanut Grove House. At the time of its opening, the Cocoanut Grove House was the only hotel along Florida's east coast between Titusville and Key West. The hotel would be destroyed by a fire in October 1893.[11] The Star Route, also known as the Barefoot mailman route, began serving the area in 1885.[12] Carriers would deliver mail by foot or boat from Palm Beach and other nearby communities to as far south as Miami, a round trip distance of 136 miles (219 km).[13] The first schoolhouse in southeast Florida (also known as the Little Red Schoolhouse) opened in Palm Beach in 1886.[12]

Henry Flagler, a Standard Oil tycoon, made his first visit to the Palm Beach in 1893 and described the area as a "veritable paradise."[14] That same year, construction began on the Royal Poinciana Hotel and Flagler hired George W. Potter to plot 48-blocks for West Palm Beach, a city to house workers at his hotels.[15][16] The Royal Poinciana Hotel opened for business on February 11, 1894.[15] Flagler, also owner of the Florida East Coast Railway, extended the railroad southward to West Palm Beach by the following month.[17] In 1896, Flagler opened a second hotel originally known as Wayside Inn, before being renamed Palm Beach Inn, and later becoming The Breakers.[18] Fires would later burn down the hotel in 1903 and 1925, but it would be rebuilt twice. The Palm Beach Daily News began publication in 1897 originally under the name Daily Lake Worth News.[19]

The first pedestrian bridge across the Intracoastal Waterway opens near the modern-day Flagler Bridge in 1901, replacing the original railroad spur.[19] Flagler's house lots were bought by the beneficiaries of the Gilded Age,[17] and in 1902 Flagler himself built a Beaux-Arts mansion, Whitehall, designed by the New York-based firm Carrère and Hastings and helped establish the Palm Beach "winter season".[20] Telephone service was established in Palm Beach in 1908, with 18 customers initially.[21] Prior to the 1910s, many African Americans in the area lived in a segregated section of Palm Beach called the "Styx",[22] with an estimated population of 2,000 at its peak. However, between 1910 and 1912, African Americans were evicted from the Styx. Urban legend states that the Styx was burned down by Flager's white laborers, as the shanty town was viewed as an eyesore, though there is much evidence to refute this theory.[23] Most of the displaced residents relocated to the northern West Palm Beach neighborhoods of Freshwater, Northwest, and Pleasant City.[22]

Palm Beach, 1916

In January 1911, it became known that West Palm Beach intended to annex the island of Palm Beach in the upcoming Florida Legislative session. Residents objected and hired an attorney from Miami to officially become incorporated.[24] Dimick, Louis Semple Clarke, and 31 other male property owners congregated at Clarke's house and signed a charter to officially incorporate the town of Palm Beach on April 17, 1911.[25] Dimick became the first mayor, John McKenna became town clerk, and Joseph Borman became town marshal, while J. B. Donnelly, William Fremd, John Doe, Enoch Root, and J.J. Ryman served as the first council members.[24] Also in 1911, Dimick built the Royal Park Bridge, with its first incarnation being a wooden structure. Passage from West Palm Beach to Palm Beach on the bridge originally required a toll 25 cents per vehicle and 5 cents per pedestrian.[25]

Between 1919 and 1924,[26] American resort architect Addison Mizner designed 67 structures in Palm Beach.[27] Some of Mizner's clients included Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr., Paul Moore Sr., Gurnee Munn, John Shaffer Phipps, Edward Shearson, Eva Stotesbury. Rodman Wanamaker, and Barclay Harding Warburton II.[26] His designed works included the Costa Bella,[28]:212 El Mirasol, Everglades Club (in collaboration with Paris Singer),[27] El Solano,[29] La Bellucia,[28] La Guerida,[27] Via Mizner,[28]:238 Villa Flora,[28]:103 and William Gray Warden House.[29]:236 In February 1924, the town council allotted $100,000 toward construction of a new municipal building. Harvey and Clarke architectural firm designed the building, while Newlon and Stephens constructed the structure after bidding $160,200 for the contract. The Palm Beach Town Hall opened on December 18, 1925, and is still used for town council meetings. Prior to its completion, the council meetings were held in one story wooden building on Royal Poinciana Way.[30] Also in 1925, citywide construction revenue reaches $14 million, attributed to Florida land boom.[19] The 1928 Okeechobee hurricane made landfall in the town of Palm Beach with sustained winds of 145 mph (235 km/h).[31] High winds and storm surge damaged 610 businesses, 60 homes, and 10 hotels, as well as to the Public Service Corporation and Ocean Boulevard. Damage in 1928 USD totaled $10 million in Palm Beach.[32]

The Biltmore Hotel, which was converted into a into a U.S. Naval Special Hospital during World War II

The population of Palm Beach grew from 1,707 in 1930 to 3,747 in 1940, a 119.5 percent increase. The Royal Poinciana Hotel, damaged heavily in the 1928 hurricane, also suffered greatly during the Great Depression, and was demolished in 1935. Around 4,000 people purchased salvageable remains of the hotel. The Palm Beach-Post Times estimated that some 500 homes could be built from the scraps of the hotel.[33] Residents of Palm Beach established the Society of the Four Arts on January 14, 1936, with Hugh Dillman becoming the first president.[19] The 1930s decade also saw the construction of the Flagler Memorial Bridge, the northernmost bridge linking Palm Beach and West Palm Beach, completed on July 1, 1938.[34]

Early in World War II, the United States Army established a Ranger camp at the northern tip of the island, which could accommodate 200 men.[35] The Palm Beach Civilian Defense Council ordered blackouts in Palm Beach beginning on April 11, 1942.[36] Throughout the war, German U-boats sank twenty-four ships offshore Florida, with eight capsized offshore Palm Beach County between February and May 1942.[37] The Army converted The Breakers into the Ream General Hospital, while the Navy converted the Palm Beach Biltmore Hotel into a U.S. Naval Special Hospital.[35] On September 15, 1950, the Southern Boulevard Bridge opened,[19] the third and southernmost bridge linking Palm Beach and West Palm Beach.[38] Residents of Palm Beach elected Claude Dimick Reese (son of former mayor T.T. Reese and grandson of Dimick) as mayor in 1953. He became the only native-born mayor of Palm Beach in its history. The town's population also increased significantly percentage-wise in the 1950s, from 3,886 in 1950 to 6,055 in 1960, approximately 55.8 percent.[19]

Aerial view of La Guerida (circa 1965), the Winter White House of President John F. Kennedy

John F. Kennedy was elected President of the United States in 1960 and selected La Guerida as his Winter White House,[19] which his father bought in 1933.[27] In December 1960, police in Palm Beach averted a retired postal worker's attempt to assassinate then president-elect Kennedy. The president would also spend the last weekend of his life in Palm Beach, several days before his assassination in November 1963. Yvelyne "Deedy" Marix became the first woman elected to the town council in February 1970 and later became the first woman elected mayor of Palm Beach in 1983.[19] Between 1971 and 1977, Earl E.T. Smith served as mayor of Palm Beach. He was previously an Ambassador of the United States to Cuba.[21] Preservationist Barbara Hoffstot published a book titled "Landmark Architecture in Palm Beach" in 1974. She personally photographed and summarized many older buildings in the town. The book also called for more awareness of and improvements to a system for protecting historic landmarks.[39] The town council responded in 1979 by approving an ordinance establishing the Landmarks Preservation Commission, which identifies and works to protect historic structures.[40]

General Foods and Post Cereals heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post bequeathed Mar-a-Lago to the United States upon her death in 1973,[41] hoping it would be used as a Winter White House.[42] The residence would be returned to the Post family in 1981, before being purchased by then-business man Donald Trump for approximately $10 million.[43] He would convert the estate into a club by 1995 and has used Mar-a-Lago as a Winter White House since the beginning of his presidency in 2017.[41][44] A nor'easter in November 1984 caused the MV Mercedes I to crash into the seawall of Mollie Wilmot's estate.[19] Wilmot's staff served the 10 sailors sandwiches and freshly brewed coffee in her gazebo and offered martinis to journalists and photographers reporting on the incident.

The 1991 trial of William Kennedy Smith, a member of the Kennedy family, drew international media attention. Smith had been accused of committing rape at La Guerida, but a trial at the Palm Beach County Court resulted in his acquittal on December 11, 1991. Another notable mayor, Paul Ilyinsky, son of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia and heiress Audrey Emery, was elected to the office in February 1993.[19] The town's population peaked at 10,468 people in the 2000 census, with a decline to 8,348 people in 2010, a reduction of 20.3 percent.[45] Palm Beach celebrated its centennial on April 17, 2011. Approximately 1,200 people attended a parade, with the parade route beginning at the Flagler Museum (Whitehall). Special guests included then-Congressman Allen West and then-Governor Rick Scott.[46]

Name

The wreck of the Providencia is credited with giving Palm Beach its famous name. The Providencia was traveling from Havana to Cádiz, Spain with a cargo of coconuts harvested on the Caribbean island nation of Trinidad & Tobago, when the ship wrecked near Palm Beach. Many of the coconut naturalized or were planted along the Palm Beach coast.[1][2][47][4][5] A lush grove of palm trees soon grew on what would later be named Palm Beach.

Geography

Palm Beach

Palm Beach is the easternmost town in Florida, located on an 18-mile (29 km) long barrier island between Lake Worth Lagoon on the west and the Atlantic Ocean on the east. At no point is the island wider than three-quarters of a mile (1.2 km), and in places it is only 500 feet (150 m) wide.[48]

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 10.4 square miles (27 square kilometres). 3.9 square miles (10 square kilometres) of it is land and 6.5 square miles (17 square kilometres) of it is water. The total area is 62.45% water.

Climate

According to the Köppen climate classification Palm Beach has a tropical savanna climate with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters.[49][50]

The wet season is from May to October when convective thunderstorms and tropical downpours are common, and weak tropical lows pass nearby. Average high temperatures in Palm Beach are 87 to 93 °F (31 to 34 °C) with lows of 76 to 82 °F (25 to 28 °C). During this period, more than half of the summer days bring occasional afternoon thunderstorms and seabreezes that somewhat cool the rest of the day.[51]

The winter brings dry, sunny, and much less humid weather. Average high temperatures of 76 to 83 °F (24 to 28 °C) and lows of 67 to 73 °F (19 to 23 °C), and is considered the main tourist season in the Palm Beach area. Occasionally highs drop below 70 °F while at other times high temperatures occasionally reach 90 °F in mid winter. In some years, the dry season can become quite dry, and water restrictions are imposed.

The annual average precipitation is 65 in (1,700 mm), most of which occurs during the summer season from May through October. In the wet summer season, short-lived heavy afternoon thunderstorms are common. Palm Beach reports more than 2,900 hours of sunshine annually. Although rare, tropical cyclones can impact Palm Beach, with the last direct hit in 1928.[51][52]

Climate data for Palm Beach International Airport
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 89
(32)
90
(32)
95
(35)
99
(37)
99
(37)
100
(38)
101
(38)
97
(36)
97
(36)
95
(35)
92
(33)
90
(32)
101
(38)
Average high °F (°C) 75
(24)
77
(25)
79
(26)
82
(28)
86
(30)
88
(31)
90
(32)
90
(32)
88
(31)
85
(29)
80
(27)
76
(24)
83
(28)
Average low °F (°C) 57
(14)
59
(15)
62
(17)
66
(19)
71
(22)
74
(23)
76
(24)
76
(24)
75
(24)
72
(22)
66
(19)
60
(16)
68
(20)
Record low °F (°C) 26
(−3)
27
(−3)
26
(−3)
38
(3)
45
(7)
60
(16)
64
(18)
65
(18)
61
(16)
46
(8)
36
(2)
24
(−4)
24
(−4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 3.13
(80)
2.82
(72)
4.59
(117)
3.66
(93)
4.51
(115)
8.30
(211)
5.76
(146)
7.95
(202)
8.35
(212)
5.13
(130)
4.75
(121)
3.38
(86)
62.33
(1,585)
Source: National Weather Service[53]

Demographics

Historical population
CensusPop.
19201,135
19301,70750.4%
19403,747119.5%
19503,8863.7%
19606,05555.8%
19709,08650.1%
19809,7297.1%
19909,8140.9%
200010,4686.7%
20108,348−20.3%
Est. 20188,802[7]5.4%
U.S. Decennial Census[54]
Palm Beach Demographics
2010 CensusPalm BeachPalm Beach CountyFlorida
Total population8,3481,320,13418,801,310
Population, percent change, 2000 to 2010-20.3%+16.7%+17.6%
Population density1,997.4/sq mi670.2/sq mi350.6/sq mi
White or Caucasian (including White Hispanic)97.4%73.5%75.0%
(Non-Hispanic White or Caucasian)94.1%60.1%57.9%
Black or African-American0.6%17.3%16.0%
Hispanic or Latino (of any race)3.9%19.0%22.5%
Asian1.0%2.4%2.4%
Native American or Native Alaskan0.0%0.5%0.4%
Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian0.0%0.1%0.1%
Two or more races (Multiracial)0.5%2.3%2.5%
Some Other Race0.5%3.9%3.6%

As of the census of 2010, there were 9,091 households, out of which 47.2% were vacant. As of the 2000 census, over half the population (52.7%) were 65 years of age or older, with a median age of 67 years. 9.4% were under the age of 18, 1.5% were from 18 to 24, 11.5% were from 25 to 44, and 25.0% from 45 to 64. For every 100 females, there were 79.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.0 males.

In 2000, the household income for the town was $109,219. Males had a median income of $71,685 versus $42,875 for females. 5.3% of the population and 2.4% of families were below the poverty line. 4.6% of those under the age of 18 and 2.9% of those 65 and older were living below the poverty line. Palm Beach had a median household income of $124,562 and a median family income of $137,867. The town's affluence and its "abundance of pleasures" and "strong community-oriented sensibility" were cited when it was selected in June 2003 as America's "Best Place to Live" by Robb Report magazine.

In 2000, 7.7% of the households had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.1% were married couples living together, 3.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.8% were non-families. 42.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 27.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.81 and the average family size was 2.38.

In 2000, English was the first language of 87.81% of all residents, while French comprised 4.48%, Spanish consisted of 3.65%, German made up 2.16%, Italian speakers made up 0.45%, Yiddish made up 0.36%, Russian was at 0.30%, Arabic and Swedish at 0.25%, and Polish was the mother tongue of 0.24% of the population.[55]

In 2000, Palm Beach had the 40th highest percentage of Russian residents in the U.S., with 10.30% of the populace (tied with Pomona, New York, and the township of Lower Merion, Pennsylvania).[56] It also had the 26th highest percentage of Austrian residents in the US, at 2.10% of the town's population (which tied with 19 other US areas).[57]

Economy

Worth Avenue

In 2018, the town of Palm Beach had an estimated labor force of 2,788 people. Palm Beach has an unemployment rate of just 2.3 percent, although 66 percent of the town's population is not in the labor force. The most common professions among the town's labor force are finance and insurance, and real estate, rental, and leasing (24.1 percent); Professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services (23.6 percent); retail (12.2 percent); and educational services, health care, and social assistance (10.5 percent).[58] However, as of 2017, only 4.1 percent of jobs in Palm Beach were held by residents of the town, with the most common other home destinations being West Palm Beach (15.4 percent), Palm Beach Gardens (3.9 percent), Lake Worth Beach (3.7 percent), Wellington (3.3 percent), and Greenacres (3.1 percent).[59]

Tourism is a major industry in the town, bringing in approximately $5 billion in annual revenue.[60] Palm Beach has several historical and luxurious hotels, including The Brazilian Court, The Breakers, Palm Beach Hotel, Tideline Ocean Resort & Spa, and the Vineta Hotel. The Breakers alone employs more than 2,200 people from around the world.[61] The town of Palm Beach also contains Worth Avenue, an upscale shopping and dining district. Known for selling high-quality merchandise since the 1920s, Worth Avenue includes about 250 high-end shops, boutiques, restaurants, and art galleries.[62] Other commercial districts of note include Royal Poinciana Plaza and Royal Poinciana Way Historic District, with the latter being listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2015 due to its status as "the town's original Main Street", as noted by the Palm Beach Daily News.[63][64]

Arts and events

A botanical garden at the Society of the Four Arts

The Society of the Four Arts is a non-profit charity organization established in 1936. Located on the north side of Royal Palm Way near the Royal Park Bridge, the Four Arts Plaza contains an art gallery, a concert hall auditorium, two libraries, a botanical garden, and a sculpture garden. The two libraries serve as public libraries for the town of Palm Beach, one being a children's library and the other functioning as a general public library. Officially named the Gioconda and Joseph King Library, the town's general public library has a collection of more than 70,000 items, including books, audiobooks, DVDs, and periodicals. The Dixon Education Building features art studio and classrooms, as well as an apartment for an artist visiting Palm Beach.[65]

Worth Avenue and its vicinity also contains several art galleries, including DTR Modern Galleries, Evey Fine Art Gallery, Galeria of Sculpture, Gallerie Y, and the John H. Surovek Gallery. Additionally, the Norton Museum of Art and its sculpture gardens are located just across the Intracoastal Waterway in West Palm Beach.[66]

Attractions

Whitehall reopened as the Flagler Museum on February 6, 1960, after Henry Flagler's granddaughter, Jean Flagler Matthews, purchased the property in 1959 to prevent its demolition.[20] Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 and the National Historic Landmark list in 2000,[67] the museum replicates the original appearance of the house and has exhibits about Flagler himself,[68] Flagler's personal railcar (built in 1886),[20] the Florida East Coast Railway, life in the Gilded Age, and the early history of Palm Beach.[68] Almost 100,000 people visit the museum annually.[20] Adjacent to the Flagler Museum and behind the Royal Poinciana Chapel is a giant, 190-year old Kapok tree, which also attracts visitors.[69]

The Preservation Foundation of Palm Beach established Pan's Garden in 1994 along Hibiscus Avenue between Chilean Avenue and Peruvian Avenue. The garden contains a statue of Pan (originally designed in 1890 by Frederick William MacMonnies), the Ancient Greek God who protects and guards flocks. Another significant feature is the Casa Apava wall, a 1920s tile wall from the remnants of the Casa Apava estate. Encompassing approximately 0.5 acres (0.20 ha), the garden also features many endangered species of native vegetation.[70]

Points of interest

  • Breakers Hotel
  • Everglades Club
  • Four Arts Gardens
  • Mar-a-Lago
  • Whitehall, the Flagler Museum
  • Pan’s Garden, Preservation Foundation of Palm Beach
  • Worth Avenue
  • The Big Kapok tree on the property of the Royal Poinciana Chapel near Flagler Museum

Parks and recreation

Clock tower at the municipal beach and the east end of Worth Avenue

The Recreation Department of Palm Beach oversees several public recreation facilities, including the Morton and Barbara Mandel Recreation Center, Palm Beach Docks, Par 3 Golf Course, and many tennis centers.[71] The only public marina in the town, the Palm Beach Docks opened in the 1940s and is located along the Intracoastal Waterway between the Royal Palm Bridge and Worth Avenue.[72] Palm Beach Docks has three main docks and eighty-eight boat slips, along with many accommodations for boaters.[71]

There are three public beaches in the town, the Palm Beach Municipal Beach, Phipps Ocean Park, and R. G. Kreusler Park.[73] The former, also known as Midtown Beach,[74] has metered parking spots along South Ocean Boulevard from Royal Palm Way southward to Hammon Avenue.[75] Phipps Ocean Park includes the Little Red Schoolhouse, the first school building in southeast Florida (built in 1886), restored and moved from its original location near where the Flagler Memorial Bridge stands today.[76] The town also has many private beaches, while R. G. Kreusler Park (owned and operated by Palm Beach County) lies directly north of the Lake Worth Municipal Beach.[74]

Palm Beach has several social and golf clubs, most notably the Everglades Club and Mar-a-Lago. The former, constructed by Addison Mizner and Paris Signer in 1918, had the original purpose of being a hospital for soldiers injured in World War I. However, the war soon ended and the facilities were restructured into a private club, which opened in January 1919.[77] Some of the amenities include a golf course, tennis courts, and reception halls. Everglades Club has nearly 1,000 members. The club, which is very exclusive, does not have a website and prohibits cellphones.[78] Mar-a-Lago is 126-room, 62,500-square-foot (5,810 m2) mansion that features many hotel-style amenities.[43][44] Built between 1924 to 1927, General Foods and Post Cereals heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post originally owned the estate,[79] but willed it to the United States government prior to her death in 1973 in hopes that the residence would be used as a Winter White House.[42] Mar-a-Lago was returned to the Post family in 1981, before being sold to future United States president Donald Trump in 1985 for approximately $10 million.[43]

Government

The Palm Beach Town Hall

Palm Beach operates under a council–manager form of government. The town's legislative body, the town council, is composed of five members, who serve two-year terms and seek office in staggered, at-large, non-partisan elections. Once a month, the town council meets at the Palm Beach Town Hall, though special meetings may be conducted as needed. The mayor, also elected to two year terms, acts as ombudsman and intergovernmental figure.[80] Gail L. Coniglio, a former two-term member of the town council, has served as mayor since 2011.[81] Additionally, a town manager has the authority to appoint and supervise the senior management team, including the deputy town manager and department directors. The officeholder of town manager is appointed annually by the town council.[80] Kirk Blouin, a former Palm Beach chief of police and later Director of Public Safety, has served as town manager since February 13, 2018.[81]

Palm Beach is part of Florida's 21st congressional district, which has been represented by Democrat Lois Frankel since 2017. The town at the state level is part of the 89th district of Florida House of Representatives, which covers many of the immediate coasts cities in Palm Beach County from Palm Beach Shores southward. Palm Beach is also part of the 30th district of the Florida Senate, which includes much of northeastern and some of east-central Palm Beach County. Palm Beach is a generally Republican town. In 2016, Donald Trump received 3,231 votes and Hillary Clinton received 2,612 votes.[82]

Education

Palm Beach Public Elementary is located on the island and has kindergarten through fifth grade. It has a school grade of A and 477 students attend the school. Palm Beach Day Academy is a private school in the area. It was formed in 2005 from a merger between Palm Beach Day School and the Academy of the Palm Beaches.[83]

Media

The building where the Palm Beach Daily News was originally published

The town is served by the Palm Beach Daily News, with a daily circulation of approximately 4,500. Originally published in 1897 under the name Daily Lake Worth News, the newspaper was originally published at a building that has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1985, before eventually moving to 300 Royal Palm Way. Owned by Cox Enterprises in 1969, GateHouse Media purchased the newspaper and The Palm Beach Post in May 2018, before GateHouse Media merged with Gannett in 2019. The Palm Beach Daily News is also known as "The Shiny Sheet" due to its heavy, slick newsprint stock.

Residents of the town are also served by The Palm Beach Post, which is actually published in West Palm Beach. The Palm Beach Post had the 5th largest circulation for a newspaper in Florida as of November 2017 and is served to subscribers throughout Palm Beach County and the Treasure Coast.

Palm Beach is part of the West Palm BeachFort Pierce television market, ranked as the 38th largest in the United States by Nielsen Media Research. The market is served by stations affiliated with major American networks including WPTV-TV/5 (NBC), WPEC/12 (CBS), WTCN-CD/15 (MYTV), WPBF/25 (ABC), WFLX/29 (FOX), WTVX/34 (CW), WXEL-TV/42 (PBS), WWHB-CD/48 (Azteca), WFGC/61 (CTN), WPXP-TV/67 (ION) and WBWP-LD/57 (Ind.).

Historic preservation

The Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC), established by an ordinance approved by the town council in 1979, studies and protects historic structures in Palm Beach. Currently, the LPC has a list of 328 properties, sites, and vistas it works to protect under the 1979 ordinance.[40] Similarly, the Preservation Foundation of Palm Beach is "dedicated to preserving the architectural and cultural heritage and the unique scenic quality of the Town of Palm Beach", according to its mission statement.[84] The town of Palm Beach also conducts historic sites surveys in collaboration with preservation organizations, historians, and local officials, with the most recent survey completed in 2010, though a new survey began in November 2019.[85] The 2010 survey identified 50 structures that had been demolished since the previous survey in 2004 and others that had been altered significantly.[86]:52

Federally, thirteen structures and one historic district have been listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[64][86]:24 However, two of the designated buildings have since been destroyed.[86]:24 A fire and subsequent burglaries at the Bingham-Blossom House likely contributed to the owner's decision to have it demolished in 1974,[87] while construction crews razed the Brelsford House in 1975 after trustees at the Royal Poinciana Chapel (the property where the building was located at) believed that "the aging structure was more of a liability than an asset" and also cited its high costs of renovation for public use, according to The Palm Beach Post.[88]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Lake Trail along the Lake Worth Lagoon

The city is served by Amtrak[89] and Tri-Rail, which connect Palm Beach with Miami, as well as Palm Beach International Airport, all located in West Palm Beach. The higher speed Virgin Trains USA service has a stop in West Palm Beach, as well. Public transportation is available through Palm Tran, and connects with the rest of the county.

The northern portion of Palm Beach is served by the Route 41 bus which travels from the northernmost portion of Palm Beach at the inlet and then down to Royal Palm Way, across the Royal Park Bridge (State Road 704) into West Palm Beach and up to the government center, and then follows the same route in reverse.[90]

Private vehicles and taxis are the predominant means of transport in Palm Beach. Profiling of lower-cost cars and minorities has resulted in tense relations between visitors and the Town.[91]

Bicycles are a popular mode of transportation on the island, although most areas have no bicycle trails, so safe and comfortable travel is not always assured. The Lake Trail, exclusively for pedestrian and bike traffic, extends from Royal Palm Way (State Road 704) in the south up to the north end of the island. The trail follows the edge of the Lake Worth Lagoon (part of the intracoastal waterway) except for a section between the Flagler Museum and the Biltmore Condominiums, where the trail follows the streets. Another break occurs to pass around the Sailfish Yacht Club in the north end of the island. The Lake Trail is filled daily with bikers, rollerbladers, runners, and dog-walkers.

Traveling by bike along the ocean can be hazardous. Only a short section in the downtown area has sidewalks. The roads along the ocean are narrow and have small or nonexistent shoulders, making biking a potentially dangerous activity in those areas.

In the southern end of the island, south of Sloan's Curve, through South Palm Beach to East Ocean Avenue (linking to Lantana) is a two-mile (3200 m) long, relatively wide pedestrian path that is popular with walkers, runners, and bikers alike.

Police

The town has its own police department, established on October 17, 1922. Prior to then, town marshal Joseph Borman served in the capacity of chief law enforcer as outlined in the 1911 charter.[92] The department employed 61 officers in 2018. With a population of 8,295 people in 2018 according to the Florida Bureau of Economic and Business Research, this translated to 7.35 officers per 1,000 people, compared to the Florida average of 2.49 officers per 1,000 people. In the same year, the department made 2,039 arrests equal to about 24,581 arrests per 100,000 people, the highest arrest rate in Florida and over sevenfold the state average. However, many arrests were in relation to non-violent crimes, such as those involving auto theft, criminal traffic citations, fraud, and scams. The police department reported no rapes or homicides in Palm Beach in 2018.[93]

Firefighting

In its early days, the town of Palm Beach depended heavily on the city of West Palm Beach for firefighting efforts. The Flagler Alerts, a volunteer firefighting group which later became the West Palm Beach Fire Department, responded to fires in Palm Beach by traversing the Intracoastal Waterway via ferry or railroad. Delayed response times and high insurance rates eventually led Palm Beach to establish its own fire rescue department in December 1921.[94] Today, the Palm Beach Fire Rescue has three stations and employs 81 employees, 75 full time and 7 part-time. Annually, the Palm Beach Fire Rescue responds to approximately 2,600 calls.[95]

Notable people

  • S. Daniel Abraham - creator of Slim Fast
  • Roger Ailes - television executive and media consultant
  • Logan Allen - MLB pitcher for the San Diego Padres
  • Steve Alvers - American football player
  • Madeleine Astor - Titanic survivor and widow of John Jacob Astor IV
  • Herman Barron (1909–1978) - professional golfer[96][97]
  • Rich Barnes - MLB pitcher for the Chicago White Sox and Cleveland Indians
  • Barney Family - heirs to the Smith Barney banking and brokerage fortune
  • Ted Bell - Bestselling author of suspense and espionage novels
  • Billy Bishop - World War I flying ace, he died while spending the winter of 1956 in Palm Beach
  • Conrad Black - a former Canadian media baron, author, and convicted fraudster lived on Palm Beach Island for over twenty years
  • Jon Bon Jovi - singer from New Jersey, who in March 2018 purchased a home on the island, in addition to his other residences in Boca Raton, and New Jersey.
  • Dan Borislow - Founder of magicJack
  • Nancy Brinker - founder of Susan G. Komen for the Cure
  • Jimmy Buffett - Singer[98]
  • William S. Burroughs, Jr. - American novelist, son of beat writer William S. Burroughs and great-grandson to William Seward Burroughs I, the original inventor of the Burroughs adding machine. (b. 1947)
  • James H. Clark - Founder of Netscape
  • Ann Coulter - Syndicated columnist, author, and political commentator[99]
  • Vic Damone, Singer, songwriter, actor
  • Horace Dodge - The Dodge automotive family and died December 1920 at his Palm Beach residence[100]
  • Jeffrey Epstein - American financier and convicted sex offender
  • Henry Morrison Flagler - founder of Palm Beach
  • Malcolm Glazer- CEO of First Allied Corporation and sports team owner (Manchester United of the Premier League and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers of the National Football League)
  • Robert W. Gottfried - homebuilder[101][102]
  • Curt Gowdy - Sportscaster
  • Joseph Gurwin (1920–2009), philanthropist[103]
  • George Hamilton - Actor[104]
  • Margaret Hayes - Actress
  • E.F. Hutton - Wall street broker who built Mar-a-Lago husband of Marjorie Merriweather Post
  • Paul Ilyinsky - mayor of Palm Beach
  • Michael Jackson - Singer. Lived there briefly in 2003 until 2005.
  • Raymond Kassar - Investor and former Chairman and CEO of Atari and former Vice-Chair of Burlington Industries
  • Kennedy family - political family[105]
  • Brett King - Actor who later opened Coral Sands Hotel in the Bahamas, died in Palm Beach in 1999
  • John Kluge - Chairman of Metromedia, estimated net worth is $11 Billion III
  • Howard Leach - Ambassador to France under George W. Bush
  • Evelyn Lauder - co-creator of the Pink Ribbon breast cancer awareness campaign, creator of Clinique[106]
  • Laurence Leamer - Writer[105]
  • John Lennon - Musician worked with The Beatles. Lennon bought Harold Vanderbilt's former home, El Solano, in 1980 shortly before his murder.[107]
  • Rush Limbaugh - Radio show host, and conservative political commentator[108]
  • Edgar F. Luckenbach - Shipping magnate
  • Bernard Madoff - Former NASDAQ chairman and convicted felon of various securities fraud[105]
  • Ruth Madoff (born 1941) - wife of Bernie Madoff
  • Lana J. Marks - Designer
  • Charles Peter McColough- Former Chairman and CEO of the Xerox Corporation
  • Dina Merrill - American actress and socialite (daughter of E.F. Hutton & Marjorie Merriweather Post)
  • Addison Mizner - influential architect of Palm Beach landmarks and residences in the 1920s
  • Brian Mulroney - former Canadian Prime Minister
  • Dmitri Nabokov - son and literary heir of famed novelist Vladimir Nabokov
  • Tony Nader - author and leader of the Transcendental Meditation movement[109]
  • Kevin Ohme - MLB pitcher for the St. Louis Cardinals
  • Mehmet Oz - Better known as Dr. Oz, Turkish-American cardiothoracic surgeon, professor, author, and television personality.[110]
  • James Patterson - Best Selling author
  • Mark Patton - 1980s television and film actor
  • Henry Paulson - Former US Treasury Secretary
  • Ronald Perelman - Corporate Raider, Chairman of Revlon who sold his Palm Beach house in 2004 for $70 million[98]
  • Jeffry Picower (1942–2009), American investor and noted philanthropist involved in the Madoff investment scandal
  • Marjorie Merriweather Post - Post cereal heiress, socialite, and philanthropist who built Mar-a-Lago. Wife of E.F. Hutton
  • Wilbur Ross - US secretary of Commerce
  • John Sculley - former CEO of Apple, Inc and former president of PepsiCo
  • Stephanie Seymour - model and actress
  • Christopher A. Sinclair - Chairman and CEO of Mattel and former CEO of Pepsi-Cola
  • Paris Singer - builder of Everglades Club, within which is his apartment
  • Howard Stern - Radio personality
  • Rod Stewart - Singer
  • Butch Trucks - Founding member of The Allman Brothers Band
  • Donald Trump - 45th President of the United States
  • Ivana Trump - Ex-wife of Donald Trump, until 2016[111][112]
  • Melania Trump - Wife of Donald Trump
  • Harold Vanderbilt - Railroad executive, great-grandson of Cornelius Vanderbilt, owned El Solano before John Lennon bought it.
  • Vera Wang - Fashion designer (has recently sold the $9m mansion she owned on the Palm Beach coast and moved to NYC)
  • Mollie Wilmot - Philanthropist and socialite
  • Jayne Wrightsman - Philanthropist and socialite

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