Mayor of San Francisco

The mayor of the City and County of San Francisco is the head of the executive branch of the San Francisco city and county government. The officeholder has the duty to enforce city laws, and the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the legislative branch. The Mayor serves a four-year term and is limited to two successive terms.[1] Because of San Francisco's status as a consolidated city-county, the mayor also serves as the head of government of the county; both entities have been governed together by a combined set of governing bodies since 1856.[2]

Mayor of the
City and County of
San Francisco
Flag of San Francisco, California
Incumbent
London Breed
since July 11, 2018
StyleThe Honorable
Madam Mayor
Term lengthFour years, renewable once
Inaugural holderJohn W. Geary
Formation1850
WebsiteOffice of the Mayor

There have been 45 individuals sworn into office. John W. Geary, elected in 1850, was the first mayor of the city. Charles James Brenham, who served as mayor during the 1850s, is the only person who has served two non-consecutive terms (excluding serving as Acting Mayor).

The current mayor is former District 5 Supervisor and President of the Board of Supervisors London Breed, who won a special election following the death of Mayor Ed Lee on December 12, 2017. Breed served out the remainder of Lee's uncompleted term (until January 8, 2020), after which she is eligible to run for two full terms of her own including the 2019 San Francisco mayoral election which she won.[3][4]

Elections

The mayor of San Francisco is elected every four years; elections take place one year before United States presidential elections on election day in November. Candidates must live and be registered to vote in San Francisco at the time of the election. The mayor is usually sworn in on the January 8 following the election. The next election for a full mayoral term will be in 2019.

Under the California constitution, all city elections in the state are conducted on a non-partisan basis. As a result, candidates' party affiliations are not listed on the ballot, and multiple candidates from a single party can run in the election since a primary election is not held.[5]

Mayoral elections were originally run under a two-round system. If no candidate received a simple majority of votes in the general election, the two candidates who received the most votes competed in a second runoff election held several weeks later.[6] In 2002, the election system for city officials was overhauled as a result of a citywide referendum. The new system, known as instant-runoff voting, allows voters to select and rank three candidates based on their preferences. If no one wins more than half of the first-choice votes, the candidate with the fewest votes is eliminated and second-choice votes (and third-choice votes, if necessary) are counted until a candidate captures the majority. This eliminates the need to hold a separate runoff election and saves money. This was first implemented in the 2004 Board of Supervisors election after two years of preparation.[7] In 2007, the new system was implemented in the mayoral election for the first time.[8]

Salary and benefits

As of 2017, the mayor is paid an annual salary of $297,386,[9] the highest mayoral salary in the United States.[10] Nine city public employees earned higher salaries than the mayor, including the chief investment officer and the managing director of the San Francisco Employees' Retirement System, who oversee the city's pension plan.[9]

Unlike a few other American cities, the San Francisco mayor does not have an official residence; in the 1990s, Mayor Willie Brown unsuccessfully pushed to acquire the Yerba Buena Island mansion formerly held used by U.S. Navy admirals as a ceremonial residence for the mayor.[11][12]

Duties and powers

The mayor has the responsibility to enforce all city laws, administer and coordinate city departments and intergovernmental activities, set forth policies and agendas to the Board of Supervisors, and prepare and submit the city budget at the end of each fiscal year. The mayor has the powers to either approve or veto bills passed by the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, participate in meetings of the Board of Supervisors and its committees, appoint a replacement to fill vacancies in all city elected offices until elections, appoint a member of the Board as acting mayor in his/her absence, and to direct personnel in the case of emergency.[1]

Succession
John W. Geary, 1st Mayor of San Francisco
Isaac Smith Kalloch, 18th Mayor of San Francisco
Washington Bartlett, 20th Mayor of San Francisco
Adolph Sutro, 24th Mayor of San Francisco
James D. Phelan, 25th Mayor of San Francisco
Edward Robeson Taylor, 28th Mayor of San Francisco
Dianne Feinstein, 38th Mayor of San Francisco
Gavin Newsom, 42nd Mayor of San Francisco
Ed Lee, 43rd Mayor of San Francisco

If the mayor dies in office, resigns, or is unable to carry out his/her duties and he/she did not designate an acting mayor, the president of the Board of Supervisors becomes acting mayor until the full Board select a person to fill the vacancy and finish the previous mayoral term.[13] (In the case that both the president of the Board of Supervisors and the mayor are incapacitated, the order of succession is followed.[1]) This has happened seven times: James Otis died in office and was succeeded by George Hewston,[a] Eugene Schmitz was removed and succeeded by Charles Boxton,[b] Charles Boxton resigned and was succeeded by Edward Robeson Taylor,[b] James Rolph resigned and was succeeded by Angelo Rossi,[c] George Moscone was assassinated and was succeeded by Dianne Feinstein,[d] Gavin Newsom resigned and was succeeded by Ed Lee,[e] and Lee died in office and was succeeded by Mark Farrell.[f]

List

To date, 44 individuals have served as San Francisco Mayor. There have been 45 mayoralties due to Charles James Brenham's serving two non-consecutive terms: he is counted chronologically as both the second and fourth mayor. The longest term was that of James Rolph, who served over 18 years until his resignation to become the California governor. The length of his tenure as mayor was largely due to his popularity. During his term, San Francisco saw the expansion of its transit system, the construction of the Civic Center and the hosting of the World's Fair.[14][15] The shortest term was that of Charles Boxton, who served only eight days before resigning from office. Three mayors have died in office: Otis died from illness, Moscone was assassinated, and Lee died from cardiac arrest. Dianne Feinstein and London Breed are the only women who have served as mayor, both of them by succession and by election; Willie Brown and London Breed are the only African Americans to serve to date; Ed Lee is the only East Asian American to serve as mayor; and three mayors have West Asian ancestry: Washington Bartlett (Sephardi), Adolf Sutro (Ashkenazi) and Dianne Feinstein (Ashkenazi). Thirteen mayors are native San Franciscans: Levi Richard Ellert, James D. Phelan, Eugene Schmitz, James Rolph, Elmer Robinson, John F. Shelley, Joseph Alioto, George Moscone, Dianne Feinstein, Frank Jordan, Gavin Newsom, Mark Farrell, and London Breed. Four mayors are foreign-born: Frank McCoppin and P.H. McCarthy (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, both born in what is now the Republic of Ireland), Adolph Sutro (Prussia, part of Germany since 1871) and George Christopher (Greece).

This list does not include acting mayors, of which there have been many, as an acting mayor is typically appointed by the mayor whenever he or she will be out of the city.

# Mayor Term start Term end   Party
1 John W. Geary May 1, 1850 May 4, 1851 Independent
2 Charles James Brenham May 5, 1851 December 31, 1851 Whig
3 Stephen Randall Harris January 1, 1852 November 9, 1852 Democratic
4 Charles James Brenham November 10, 1852 October 2, 1853 Whig
5 Cornelius Kingsland Garrison October 3, 1853 October 1, 1854 Whig
6 Stephen Palfrey Webb October 2, 1854 June 30, 1855 Know Nothing
7 James Van Ness July 1, 1855 July 7, 1856 Democratic
8 George J. Whelan July 8, 1856 November 14, 1856 American
9 Ephraim Willard Burr November 15, 1856 October 2, 1859 American
10 Henry F. Teschemacher October 3, 1859 June 30, 1863 Populist
11 Henry Perrin Coon July 1, 1863 December 1, 1867 Populist
12 Frank McCoppin December 2, 1867 December 5, 1869 Democratic
13 Thomas Henry Selby December 6, 1869 December 3, 1871 Republican
14 William Alvord December 4, 1871 November 30, 1873 Republican
15 James Otis[a] December 1, 1873 October 30, 1875 Populist
16 George Hewston[a] November 4, 1875 December 5, 1875 Democratic
17 Andrew Jackson Bryant December 6, 1875 November 30, 1879 Populist
18 Isaac Smith Kalloch December 1, 1879 December 4, 1881 Workingmen's
19 Maurice Carey Blake December 5, 1881 January 7, 1883 Republican
20 Washington Bartlett January 8, 1883 January 2, 1887 Democratic
21 Edward B. Pond January 3, 1887 January 4, 1891 Democratic
22 George Henry Sanderson January 5, 1891 January 3, 1893 Republican
23 Levi Richard Ellert January 3, 1893 January 6, 1895 Republican
24 Adolph Sutro January 7, 1895 January 3, 1897 Populist
25 James D. Phelan January 4, 1897 January 7, 1902 Democratic
26 Eugene Schmitz[b] January 8, 1902 July 8, 1907 Union Labor[16]
27 Charles Boxton[b] July 9, 1907 July 16, 1907 Union Labor
28 Edward Robeson Taylor[b] July 16, 1907 January 7, 1910 Democratic
29 P. H. McCarthy January 8, 1910 January 7, 1912 Union Labor
30 James Rolph[c] January 8, 1912 January 6, 1931 Republican
31 Angelo Joseph Rossi[c] January 7, 1931 January 7, 1944 Republican
32 Roger Lapham January 8, 1944 January 7, 1948 Republican
33 Elmer Robinson January 8, 1948 January 7, 1956 Republican
34 George Christopher January 8, 1956 January 7, 1964 Republican
35 John F. Shelley January 8, 1964 January 7, 1968 Democratic
36 Joseph Alioto January 8, 1968 January 7, 1976 Democratic
37 George Moscone[d] January 8, 1976 November 27, 1978 Democratic
38 Dianne Feinstein[d] December 4, 1978 January 7, 1988 Democratic
39 Art Agnos January 8, 1988 January 7, 1992 Democratic
40 Frank Jordan January 8, 1992 January 7, 1996 Democratic
41 Willie Brown January 8, 1996 January 7, 2004 Democratic
42 Gavin Newsom[e] January 8, 2004 January 10, 2011 Democratic
43 Ed Lee[e][f] January 11, 2011 December 12, 2017 Democratic
44 Mark Farrell[f] January 23, 2018 July 11, 2018 Democratic
45 London Breed July 11, 2018 Incumbent Democratic

Other offices held

The following is a list of congressional, gubernatorial and other offices held by mayors, before or after their term(s).

* Denotes those offices which the mayor resigned to take
Mayor Mayoral term Other offices held References
John W. Geary 1850–1851 Territorial Governor of Kansas (1856–1857)
Governor of Pennsylvania (1867–1873)		 [17][18]
Stephen Palfrey Webb 1854–1855 Mayor of Salem, Massachusetts (1842–1844, 1860–1862) [19]
James Van Ness 1855–1856 California State Senator (1871) [20]
Maurice Carey Blake 1881–1883 California State Assemblyman (1857–1858) [21]
Washington Bartlett 1883–1887 California State Senator (1873–1877)
Governor of California (1887)		 [22][23][24]
James D. Phelan 1897–1902 U.S. Senator from California (1915–1921) [25]
James Rolph 1912–1931 Governor of California* (1931–1934) [22]
John F. Shelley 1964–1968 California State Senator (1938–1946)
U.S. Representative from California (1949–1964)		 [26]
George Moscone 1976–1978 California State Senator (1966–1975) [27]
Dianne Feinstein 1978–1988 U.S. Senator from California (1992–present) [28]
Art Agnos 1988–1992 California State Assemblyman (1976–1988) [29][30]
Willie Brown 1996–2004 California State Assemblyman (1964–1995) [31]
Gavin Newsom 2004–2011 Lieutenant Governor of California* (2011-2019)
Governor of California (2019-present)		 [32][33]

Living former mayors of San Francisco

As of July 2018, six former San Francisco mayors are alive, the oldest being Dianne Feinstein (1978–1988; born 1933). The most recent mayor to die is Ed Lee, on 12 December 2017 (while still in office).

MayorMayoral termDate of birth
Dianne Feinstein 1978–1988 June 22, 1933 (age 86)
Art Agnos 1988–1992 September 1, 1938 (age 81)
Frank Jordan 1992–1996 February 20, 1935 (age 85)
Willie Brown 1996-2004 March 20, 1934 (age 86)
Gavin Newsom 2004–2011 October 10, 1967 (age 52)
Mark Farrell (interim mayor) 2018 March 15, 1974 (age 46)

Notes
  • a In 1875, James Otis died of diphtheria during his tenure as mayor. Supervisor George Hewston became acting mayor until Andrew Bryant was elected to the office.[34][35]
  • b In July 1907, Eugene Schmitz was convicted of extortion and sentenced to 5 years in prison. The Board of Supervisors replaced Schmitz with Supervisor Charles Boxton who had also taken bribes. Boxton served for eight days before he resigned. The Board then replaced Boxton with Edward Taylor.[36][37]
  • c James Rolph resigned to become the Governor of California in 1931. The Board replaced Rolph with Angelo Rossi.[38]
  • d On November 27, 1978, George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk were assassinated by former Supervisor Dan White. Supervisor and Board President Dianne Feinstein was named acting mayor.[27] She served the remainder of Moscone's term and was subsequently elected to two full four-year terms on her own.[39]
  • e Gavin Newsom resigned to become the Lieutenant Governor of California on January 10, 2011. Supervisor and Board President David Chiu briefly served as acting mayor until city administrator Ed Lee was unanimously appointed on the following day by the Board to finish out Newsom's term.[40]
  • f On December 12, 2017, Ed Lee died of cardiac arrest during his tenure as mayor. Board of Supervisors President London Breed served as acting mayor until January 23, 2018 when Supervisor Mark Farrell was appointed interim mayor by the Board of Supervisors.[41][42]

References
General
  • "San Francisco Mayors". City and County of San Francisco. Archived from the original on December 3, 2003. Retrieved September 3, 2009.
  • "San Francisco Mayors". San Francisco Public Library. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
  • "Agnos Is Mayor No. 39, Archivist Confirms". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. December 10, 1987. p. A 16.
  • "City and County of San Francisco Municipal Code". City and County of San Francisco. 1996. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008. Retrieved March 11, 2009.
Specific
  1. "San Francisco Charter Code, EXECUTIVE BRANCH – OFFICE OF MAYOR § 3.101. TERM OF OFFICE". charter.sanfranciscocode.org. Archived from the original on February 15, 2016. Retrieved January 15, 2016.
  2. Coy, Owen Cochran (1919). Guide to the County Archives of California. Sacramento, California: California Historical Survey Commission. p. 409.
  3. "Rules dictate how SF's next mayor may be chosen and how long they may serve". San Francisco Chronicle. December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  4. Fracassa, Dominic (June 13, 2018). "Mark Leno concedes SF mayor's race to London Breed". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved June 12, 2018.
  5. California Constitution art. II, § 6 (a) Archived October 8, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  6. Gordon, Rachel (August 21, 2003). "Judge denies instant election runoff". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on January 13, 2006. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
  7. Murphy, Dean E. (September 30, 2004). "New Runoff System in San Francisco Has the Rival Candidates Cooperating". The New York Times. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
  8. Wildermuth, John (November 7, 2007). "Counting S.F. ballots will take a record amount of time". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved June 27, 2009.
  9. Amy Graff, Here's what San Francisco's highest-paid workers make: 1 tops $500K salary, 9 make more than mayor, San Francisco Chronicle (July 11, 2017).
  10. Riley McDermid, It's official: Ed Lee is America's highest-paid big city mayor, San Francisco Business Times (January 13, 2017).
  11. Carl Nolte, Brown's Idea For S.F. 'Camp David' / Navy mansion catches his eye, San Francisco Chronicle (March 5, 1996).
  12. Rick Hampson, Mayoral mansions have mixed track record, USA Today (December 11, 2013).
  13. City and County of San Francisco Municipal Code art. XIII § 101.5
  14. Starr, Kevin (1997). The Dream Endures: California Enters the 1940s. Oxford University Press US. pp. 115–117. ISBN 0-19-510079-4.
  15. Nolte, Carl (April 25, 1999). "A Roaring Decade, A Glorious New City, A Rival to the South". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2009.
  16. "Eugene E. Schmitz (1864–1928)". Virtual Museum of the City of San Francisco. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  17. "Governors of Kansas". Kansas State Historical Society. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved December 1, 2010.
  18. Cope, Michael (August 13, 2007). "Gettysburg unveils statue of Mt. Pleasant-native general". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  19. "Mayor's of Salem". City of Salem, Massachusetts. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  20. Clarke, S.J. (1913). San Francisco: Its Builders, Past and Present : Pictorial and Biographical. Clarke (S.J.) Publishing Company. p. 118.
  21. Shuck, Oscar Tully (1901). History of the Bench and Bar of California. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 551–552. ISBN 1-58477-706-0.
  22. "Governors of California". State of California. Archived from the original on December 20, 2008. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  23. "California Governor Washington Bartlett". National Governors Association. Archived from the original on May 6, 2011. Retrieved June 18, 2009.
  24. Hittell, Theodore Henry (1897). History of California. N.J. Stone & co. pp. 709–710.
  25. "Phelan, James Duval, (1861–1930)". United States Congress. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  26. "Shelley, John Francis, (1905–1974)". United States Congress. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  27. Sward, Susan (November 26, 1998). "Moscone's Time Was Anything But Quiet". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  28. "Feinstein, Dianne, (1933 – )". United States Congress. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  29. St. John, Kelly (June 7, 2001). "Mary C. Agnos – son was S.F. mayor". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on July 25, 2001. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  30. Gordon, Rachel (May 31, 1995). "Agnos begs off Senate bid". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  31. Gordon, Rachel (January 4, 2004). "The Mayor's Legacy: Willie Brown". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on March 16, 2009. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  32. York, Anthony (November 3, 2010). "Gavin Newsom elected California lieutenant governor". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved November 3, 2010.
  33. Wildermuth, John; Garofoli, Joe (January 8, 2019). "Gov. Gavin Newsom promises a 'progressive, principled' California - SFChronicle.com". www.sfchronicle.com. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  34. Egan, Ferol (1998). Last bonanza kings: the Bourns of San Francisco. University of Nevada Press. pp. 168–169. ISBN 0-87417-319-1.
  35. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. California Academy of Sciences. 1893. p. 365.
  36. Bean, Walton (1952). Boss Ruef's San Francisco: the story of the Union Labor Party, big business, and the graft prosecution. University of California Press. pp. 227–230. ISBN 0-520-00094-3.
  37. Nolte, Carl (November 6, 2007). "Exhibition spotlights career of 'totally forgotten mayor' Taylor". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on December 1, 2010. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  38. "San Francisco Race Close" (PDF). The New York Times. November 5, 1931. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2011. Retrieved March 13, 2009.
  39. Gordon, Rachel (November 26, 2008). "Feinstein recalls S.F.'s 'day of infamy'". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
  40. "Ed Lee becomes the city's first Chinese American mayor". San Francisco Chronicle. Hearst Communications Inc. January 11, 2011. Retrieved January 11, 2011.
  41. "Ed Lee, San Francisco's First Asian-American Mayor, Dies at 65". The New York Times. December 12, 2017. Retrieved December 12, 2017.
  42. "SF Board of Supervisors name Farrell interim mayor — Breed voted down". San Francisco Chronicle. January 23, 2018. Retrieved January 23, 2018.

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