Manchester Arena bombing

On 22 May 2017, an Islamist extremist suicide bomber detonated a shrapnel-laden homemade bomb as people were leaving the Manchester Arena following a concert by US singer Ariana Grande.

This article is about the 2017 suicide bombing. For the IRA bombing in 1996, see 1996 Manchester bombing. For other bombings, see Manchester bombing.

Part of Islamic terrorism in Europe
Manchester Arena in 2019
Manchester Arena
Manchester Arena bombing (Greater Manchester)
Manchester Arena bombing (the United Kingdom)
LocationManchester Arena,
Manchester, England
Coordinates53°29′17.3″N 2°14′34″W
Date22 May 2017 (2017-05-22)
22:31 (BST)
TargetConcert-goers
Attack type
Suicide bombing
WeaponTATP nail bomb
Deaths23 (including the perpetrator)
Injured800+[1]
Hospitalised: 112[2]
PerpetratorsSalman & Hashem Abedi[3]
MotiveIslamic extremism[4]

Twenty-three people died, including the attacker, and 139 were wounded, more than half of them children. Several hundred more suffered psychological trauma. The bomber was Salman Ramadan Abedi, a 22-year-old local man of Libyan ancestry. After initial suspicions of a terrorist network, police later said they believed Abedi had largely acted alone but that others had been aware of his plans. In March 2020, the bomber's brother, Hashem Abedi, was found guilty of 22 counts of murder in relation to the attack.

The incident was the deadliest terrorist attack and the first suicide bombing in the United Kingdom since the 7 July 2005 London bombings.

Attack

On 22 May 2017 at 22:31 BST (UTC+01:00),[5]:3.8 a suicide bomber detonated an improvised explosive device, packed with nuts and bolts to act as shrapnel, in the foyer area of the Manchester Arena. The attack took place after an Ariana Grande concert that was part of her 2017 Dangerous Woman Tour.[6][7] 14,200 people attended the concert.[8] Many exiting concert-goers and waiting parents were in the foyer at the time of the explosion. According to evidence presented at the coroner's inquest, the bomb was strong enough to kill people up to 20 metres (66 ft) away.[9]

Greater Manchester Police declared the incident a terrorist attack and suicide bombing. It was the deadliest attack in the United Kingdom since the 7 July 2005 London bombings.[5]:3

Aftermath

About three hours after the bombing, police conducted a controlled explosion on a suspicious item of clothing in Cathedral Gardens. This was later confirmed to have been abandoned clothing and not dangerous.[10][11]

Residents and taxi companies in Manchester offered free transport or accommodation via Twitter to those left stranded at the concert.[5]:4.85 Parents were separated from their children attending the concert in the aftermath of the explosion. A nearby hotel served as a shelter for people displaced by the bombing, with officials directing separated parents and children there.[5]:4.85 Manchester's Sikh temples (gurdwaras) along with local homeowners, hotels and venues offered shelter to survivors of the attack.[12]

British military personnel alongside armed police as part of Operation Temperer in response to the raised threat level

Manchester Victoria railway station, which is partly underneath the arena, was evacuated and closed, and services were cancelled.[6][13] The explosion caused structural damage to the station, which remained closed until the damage had been assessed and repaired, resulting in disruption to train and tram services.[14] The station reopened to traffic eight days later, following the completion of police investigation work and repairs to the fabric of the building.[5]:4.57

After a COBRA meeting with Greater Manchester's Chief Constable, Ian Hopkins, on 23 May, Prime Minister Theresa May announced that the UK's terror threat level[15] was raised to "critical", its highest level.[5]:5.247 The threat level remained critical until 27 May, when it was reduced to its previous level of severe.[16] In the aftermath of the attack Operation Temperer was activated for the first time, allowing up to 5,000 soldiers to reinforce armed police in protecting parts of the country.[17][18][19] Tours of the Houses of Parliament and the Changing of the Guard ceremony at Buckingham Palace were cancelled on 24 May, and troops were deployed to guard government buildings in London.[20]

On 23 May, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, via the Nashir Telegram channel, claimed the attack was carried out by "a soldier of the Khilafah". The message called the attack "an endeavor to terrorize the mushrikin, and in response to their transgressions against the lands of the Muslims."[21][22][23] Abedi's sister said that he was motivated by revenge for Muslim children killed by American airstrikes in Syria.[24][25]

The Arena remained closed until September 2017, with scheduled concerts either cancelled or moved to other venues.[26] It reopened on 9 September, with a benefit concert featuring Noel Gallagher and other acts associated with North West England.[27]

May announced an extra £13 million reimbursement from central government to Manchester's public services for most of the costs incurred by the attack in January 2018.[28] Later that month, Chris Parker, a homeless man who stole from victims of the attack, was jailed for 4 years and three months.[29]

Casualties

The blast killed the attacker and 22 concert-goers and parents who were in the entrance waiting to pick up their children following the show; 119 people were initially reported as injured.[30][31] This number was revised by police to 250 on 22 June, with the addition of severe psychological trauma and minor injuries.[32] In May 2018, the number of injured was revised to 800.[1] The dead included ten people aged under 20; the youngest victim was an eight-year-old girl and the oldest was a 51-year-old woman.[31] Of the 22 victims, twenty were Britons and two were British-based Polish nationals.[33]

North West Ambulance Service reported that 60 of its ambulances attended the scene, carried 59 people to local hospitals, and treated walking wounded on site.[5]:2 Of those hospitalised, 12 were children under the age of 16.[30] In total, 112 people were hospitalized for their injuries, and 27 were treated for injuries that did not require hospitalization. Out of this total of 139, 79 were children.[34]

The first doctor thought to have been on scene was an off-duty consultant anaesthetist, Michael Daley.[35] In recognition of his bravery for the role he played in the immediate medical response to the incident, Daley's name was entered into the British Medical Association Book of Valour in June 2017.[36]

Attacker

The bomber, Salman Ramadan Abedi, was a 22-year-old British Muslim of Libyan ancestry.[37][38] He was born in Manchester on 31 December 1994 to a Salafi[39] family of Libyan-born refugees who had settled in south Manchester after fleeing to the UK to escape the government of Muammar Gaddafi. He had two brothers and a sister.[40][41] He grew up in the Whalley Range area and lived in Fallowfield.[42] Neighbours described the Abedi family as very traditional and "super religious".[43] Abedi, his elder brother,[44] and, prior to 2011, his father attended Didsbury Mosque.[42][45][46] Abedi attended Wellacre Technology College, Burnage Academy for Boys[47] and The Manchester College. A former tutor remarked that Abedi was "a very slow, uneducated and passive person".[48] According to The Times, Abedi had been among a group of students at his high school who had accused a teacher of Islamophobia for asking them what they thought of suicide bombers.[49][50] He also reportedly said to his friends that being a suicide bomber "was ok" and fellow college students raised concerns about his behaviour.[51]

Abedi's father was a member of the Libyan Islamic Fighting Group, a Salafi jihadist organisation proscribed by the United Nations,[52] and father and son fought for the group in Libya in 2011 as part of the movement to overthrow Muammar Gaddafi.[48] Abedi's parents, both born in Tripoli, remained in Libya in 2011,[42] while 17-year-old Abedi returned to live in the United Kingdom. He took a gap year in 2014, where he returned with his brother Hashem to Libya to live with his parents. Abedi was injured in Ajdabiya that year while fighting for an Islamist group.[53] The brothers were rescued from Tripoli by the Royal Navy survey ship HMS Enterprise in August 2014 as part of a group of 110 British citizens as the Libyan civil war erupted, taken to Malta and flown back to the UK.[54][55] According to a retired European intelligence officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, Abedi met with members of the ISIS Battar brigade in Sabratha, Libya and continued to be in contact with the group upon his return to the UK.[56] An imam at Didsbury mosque recalled that Abedi looked at him "with hate" after he preached against ISIS and Ansar al-Sharia in 2015.[57]

According to an acquaintance in the UK, Abedi was "outgoing" and consumed alcohol,[58] while another said that Abedi was a "regular kid who went out and drank" until about 2016.[59] Abedi was also known to have used cannabis.[40][58] He enrolled at the University of Salford in September 2014, where he studied business administration, before dropping out to work in a bakery.[40] Manchester police believe Abedi used student loans to finance the plot, including travel overseas to learn bomb-making.[60] The Guardian reported that despite dropping out from further education, he continued to receive student loan funding as recently as April 2017.[61] Abedi returned to Manchester on 18 May after a trip to Libya and bought bomb-making material, apparently constructing the acetone peroxide-based bomb by himself. It is known that many members of the ISIS Battar brigade trained people in bomb-making in Libya.[62]

He was known to British security services and police but was not regarded as a high risk, having been linked to petty crime but never flagged up for radical views.[45][63] A community worker told the BBC he had called a hotline five years before the bombing to warn police about Abedi's views and members of Britain's Libyan diaspora said they had "warned authorities for years" about Manchester's Islamist radicalisation.[64][65] Abedi was allegedly reported to authorities for his extremism by five community leaders and family members and had been banned from a mosque;[66][67][68] the Chief Constable of Greater Manchester, however, said Abedi was not known to the Prevent anti-radicalisation programme.[69]

On 29 May 2017, MI5 launched an internal inquiry into its handling of the warnings it had received about Abedi and a second, "more in depth" inquiry, into how it missed the danger.[70][71][72] The Daily Mail reported that MI5 had a policy of allowing Libyans in the UK to travel to fight against Gaddafi and return later, including some who had been under house arrest in the UK for counter-terrorist measures.[73] On 22 November 2018, the Intelligence and Security Committee of Parliament published a report which said that MI5 had acted "too slowly" in its dealings with Abedi. The committee's report noted "What we can say is that there were a number of a failings in the handling of Salman Abedi's case. While it is impossible to say whether these would have prevented the devastating attack on 22 May, we have concluded that as a result of the failings, potential opportunities to prevent it were missed."[74]

Investigation
Bombing location map

The property in Fallowfield where Abedi lived was raided on 23 May. Armed police breached the house with a controlled explosion and searched it. Abedi's 23-year-old brother was arrested in Chorlton-cum-Hardy in south Manchester in relation to the attack.[75][76] Police carried out raids in two other areas of south Manchester and another address in the Whalley Range area.[76] Three other men were arrested, and police initially spoke of a network supporting the bomber;[64] they later announced that Abedi had sourced all the bomb components himself, and that they now believed he had largely acted alone.[77] On 6 July, police said that they believed others had been aware of Abedi's plans.[78]

According to German police sources, Abedi transited through Düsseldorf Airport on his way home to Manchester from Istanbul four days before the bombing.[79] French interior minister Gérard Collomb said in an interview with BFM TV that Abedi may have been to Syria, and had "proven" links with ISIS.[80] Abedi's younger brother and father were arrested by Libyan security forces on 23 and 24 May respectively.[81] The brother was suspected of planning an attack in Libya, and was said to be in regular touch with Salman, and aware of the plan to bomb the Manchester Arena,[82] but not the date.[83] According to a Libyan official, the brothers spoke on the phone about 15 minutes before the attack was carried out.[84] On 1 November 2017, the UK requested Libya to extradite the bomber's younger brother, Hashem Abedi to return to the UK to face trial for complicity in the murder of the 22 people killed in the explosion.[34]

Photographs of the remains of the IED published by The New York Times indicated that it had comprised an explosive charge inside a lightweight metal container which was carried within a black vest or a blue Karrimor backpack. Most of the fatalities occurred in a ring around the bomber. His torso was propelled by the blast through the doors to the arena, possibly indicating that the explosive charge was held in the backpack and blew him forward on detonation. A small device thought to have possibly been a hand-held detonator was also found.[85] US Congressman Michael McCaul, chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, indicated that the bomb contained the explosive TATP, which has been used in previous bombings.[86] According to Manchester police, the explosive device used by Abedi was the design of a skilled bomb-maker and had a back-up means of detonation.[87] Police also said Salman Abedi "bought most of Manchester bomb components himself" and that he was alone during much of the time before carrying out the Manchester bombing.[34][88]

On 28 May, police released images showing Abedi on the night of the bombing, taken from CCTV footage.[89] Further images showed Abedi walking around Manchester with a blue suitcase.[90]

According to US intelligence sources, Abedi was identified by the bank card that he had with him and the identification confirmed using facial recognition technology.[91]

A total of 22 people were arrested in connection with the attack, but had all been released without charge by 11 June following the police's conclusion that Abedi was likely to have acted alone, even though others may have been aware of his plans.[92]

On 17 July 2019, Salman Abedi's brother Hashem was charged with murder, attempted murder and conspiracy to cause an explosion. He had been arrested in Libya and extradited to the UK.[93] His trial began on 5 February 2020.[94] On 17 March, Hashem Abedi was found guilty on 22 charges of murder, on the grounds that he had helped his brother to source the materials used in the bombing.[95]

News leaks

Within hours of the attack, Abedi's name and other information given confidentially to security services in the United States and France were leaked to the news media, leading to condemnation from Home Secretary Amber Rudd.[96][97] Following the publication of crime scene photographs of the backpack bomb used in the attack in the 24 May edition of The New York Times, UK counterterrorism police chiefs said the release of the material was detrimental to the investigation.[98]

On 25 May, Greater Manchester Police said it had stopped sharing information on the attack with the US intelligence services. May said she would make clear to President Trump that "intelligence that has been shared must be made secure."[99] Trump described the leaks to the news media as "deeply troubling", and pledged to carry out a full investigation.[100] British officials blamed the leaks on "the breakdown of normal discipline at the White House and in the US security services".[101] New York Times editor Dean Baquet declined to apologise for publishing the backpack bomb photographs, saying "We live in different press worlds" and that the material was not classified at the highest level.[102]

On 26 May, US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson said the United States government accepted responsibility for the leaks.[103]

According to a secret recording unveiled by the BBC, Mostafa Graf, the imam of the Didsbury Mosque where Salman Abedi and his family were regulars, made a call for armed jihad 10 days before Abedi bought his concert ticket.[104]

Following these revelations, the Manchester Police opened an investigation into the mosque and its Imam, who also fought with a Libyan Islamist militia.[105] Mostafa Graf is a member of the International Union of Muslim Scholars, an organisation founded by the Muslim Brotherhood and Yusuf al-Qaradawi.[106] Al-Qaradawi is known for having claimed, "Suicide bombings are a duty".[107]

Haras Rafiq, head of the Quilliam think tank, told The Guardian that the Muslim Brotherhood runs the Didsbury Mosque.[108]

The Didsbury Mosque is controlled by The Islamic Centre (Manchester), an English association headed by Dr. Haytham al-Khaffaf, who is also a director of the Human Relief Foundation, a Muslim Brotherhood organisation blacklisted for terrorism by Israel.[108][109][110] Between 2015 and 2016, al-Khaffaf's Human Relief Foundation received over £1.5 million from the Qatar Charity, which is also subject of US counterterrorism surveillance.[111][112]

Reactions

United Kingdom
Floral tributes to the victims of the attack in St Ann's Square in Manchester city centre

Theresa May condemned the bombing,[113] and in a later statement following the June 2017 London attack, she stated that these attacks along with the 2017 Westminster attack were "bound together by the single evil ideology of Islamist extremism" and said this extremism was "a perversion of Islam".[4] Queen Elizabeth II expressed her sympathy to the families of the victims.[114] Campaigning for the general election was suspended by all political parties for two days after the attack.[115][116] The Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, called the attack "evil"[117] and announced a vigil in Albert Square the following evening,[118] which thousands attended.[119][120] The Muslim Council of Britain also condemned the attack.[121]

On 25 May 2017, a national minute's silence was observed to remember the victims.[122]

Police reported a 500% increase in anti-Muslim hate crimes in the Greater Manchester area in the month following the attack.[123] The Commission for Countering Extremism was created in the aftermath of the bombing.[124]

International
Ariana Grande Twitter
@ArianaGrande

broken. from the bottom of my heart, i am so so sorry. i don't have words.

23 May 2017[125]

Condolences were expressed by the leaders and governments of dozens of countries,[126] United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres,[127] Commonwealth Secretary-General Patricia Scotland,[128] President of the European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker,[129] Pope Francis,[130] and secretary general of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation Yousef Al-Othaimeen.[131]

Ariana Grande posted on Twitter: "broken. from the bottom of my heart, i am so so sorry. i don't have words. [sic]"[125] The tweet briefly became the most-liked tweet in history.[132] Grande suspended her tour and flew back to her mother's home in Florida.[133][134]

On 9 July 2017, a performance to benefit the Manchester bombing victims was held in New York City's The Cutting Room, called "Break Free: United for Manchester", with Broadway theatre and television performers interpreting Ariana Grande songs.[135]

One Love Manchester
Main article: One Love Manchester

On 4 June, Ariana Grande hosted a benefit concert in Manchester, entitled "One Love Manchester" at Old Trafford Cricket Ground that was broadcast live on television, radio and social media. At the concert, Grande performed along with several other high-profile artists. Free tickets were offered to those who had attended the show on 22 May.[136] The benefit concert and associated Red Cross fund raised £10 million for victims of the attack by early June[137][138] and £17 million by August.[139] New York's Vulture section ranked the event as the No. 1 concert of 2017.[140]

The Kerslake Report

On 27 March 2018, the Kerslake Report, "an independent review into the preparedness for, and emergency response to, the Manchester Arena attack on 22nd May 2017",[5] was published; it found that the Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service was "brought to a point of paralysis".[5]:5.155

The Kerslake Report "largely praised" the Greater Manchester Police and British Transport Police, and noted that it was "fortuitous" that the North West Ambulance Service was unaware of the declaration of Operation Plato, a protocol under which all responders should have been withdrawn from the arena foyer.[5]:5.40

It was critical of Vodafone, for the "catastrophic failure"[5]:5.47 of an emergency helpline hosted on a platform provided by Content Guru, saying that delays in getting information caused "significant stress and upset" to families.[5]:17 It also expressed criticism of some news media, saying, "To have experienced such intrusive and overbearing behaviour at a time of such enormous vulnerability seemed to us to be completely and utterly unacceptable",[5]:19 but noting that, "We recognise that this was some, but by no means all of the media and that the media also have a positive and important role to play."[5]:19

See also
  • List of terrorist incidents in Great Britain
  • List of terrorist incidents in May 2017

References
  1. "Arena bomb 'injured more than 800'". BBC News. 16 May 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2018.
  2. "Elite sports centre to treat bomb victims". BBC News. 19 March 2018.
  3. "Manchester Arena bombing: Hashem Abedi guilty of 22 murders". BBC News. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  4. "TEXT-UK Prime Minister May's statement following London attack". Reuters. 4 June 2017. Archived from the original on 4 June 2017. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  5. Bob Kerslake; Independent panel members (27 March 2018). "The Kerslake Report: An independent review into the preparedness for, and emergency response to, the Manchester Arena attack on 22nd May 2017" (PDF). www.kerslakearenareview.co.uk. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  6. "Manchester Arena blast: 19 dead and more than 50 hurt". BBC News. 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 22 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  7. "UK police: 22 confirmed dead after terror incident at Ariana Grande concert". CBS News. 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  8. "Manchester One Love concert: 'Thousands make false ticket claims'". BBC News. 1 June 2017. Archived from the original on 1 June 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  9. Pidd, Helen (9 June 2017). "Manchester Arena bomb was designed to kill largest number of innocents". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 10 June 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2017.
  10. "Manchester Arena attack: 22 dead and 59 hurt". BBC News. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  11. "Isis claim responsibility for the Manchester attack that killed 22". Archived from the original on 23 May 2017.
  12. Pells, Rachael (23 May 2017). "Manchester Sikh temples offer food and shelter to people affected by terror attack". The Independent. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  13. "Deaths, injuries after reports of explosion at Ariana Grande concert at Manchester Arena: Police". ABC News. 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 22 May 2017.
  14. "Structural damage to Victoria Station after bomb". ITV News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  15. "Threat Levels". Security \service – MI5. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Threat levels in Great Britain and in Northern Ireland from international and Northern Ireland-related terrorism, published here, are deemed "critical" for a period following the attack.
  16. "Manchester attack: Terror threat reduced from critical to severe". BBC News. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  17. "PM Theresa May raises UK threat level to 'critical'". ITV News. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017. Raising the level to critical means that military personnel could be deployed to support armed police officers – part of a plan known as Operation Temperer.
  18. Travis, Alan [@alantravis40] (23 May 2017). "PM says Critical Threat level's Operation Temperer will use up to 5,000 troops to take over armed police patrol duties under police command" (Tweet). Retweeted by The Guardian – via Twitter.
  19. "Manchester attack: PM says terror threat level reduced from critical". BBC News. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  20. Bennhold, Katrin; Castle, Stephen (24 May 2017). "3 Men Arrested in Investigation of Manchester Bombing". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  21. Yeginsu, Ceylan; Erlanger, Steven (23 May 2017). "ISIS Claims Responsibility for Manchester Concert Attack; Toll Rises to 22". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  22. Samuelson, Kate (23 May 2017). "ISIS Claims Responsibility For Manchester Concert Terrorist Attack". Time. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  23. Dearden, Lizzie (23 May 2017). "Isis has claimed responsibility for the Manchester Arena attack". The Independent. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  24. "Salman Abedi 'wanted revenge' for US air strikes in Syria, Manchester bomber's sister says". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  25. Morajea, Hassan; Kantchev, Georgi; Bird, Mike; Gold, Riva (25 May 2017). "Manchester Bomber Believed Muslims Were Mistreated, Sought Revenge". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  26. "Manchester Arena to stay closed until September". BBC News. 14 June 2017. Archived from the original on 14 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  27. "Manchester Arena: Noel Gallagher to headline reopening concert". BBC News. 16 August 2017. Archived from the original on 16 August 2017. Retrieved 16 August 2017.
  28. "Manchester Arena attack: Theresa May announces payout package". BBC News. BBC. 24 January 2018. Archived from the original on 24 January 2018. Retrieved 24 January 2018.
  29. "Manchester Arena attack 'hero' jailed for theft". BBC News. 30 January 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  30. Metro.co.uk, Nicole Morley for (23 May 2017). "Twelve children under 16 are among Manchester terror attack injured". Metro. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017. 22 people have been killed and 59 were taken to hospital following the blast. 119 people were injured in total.
  31. Topping, Alexandra (24 May 2017). "Go sing with the angels: families pay tribute to Manchester victims". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  32. Abbit, Beth (22 June 2017). "Number of people injured in Manchester terror attack rises to 250". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 22 June 2017. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  33. Pesic, Alex (29 May 2017). "These are the 22 victims of the Manchester Arena terror attack". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 16 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  34. Pidd, Helen (1 November 2017). "UK requests extradition of Hashem Abedi over Manchester Arena attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 2 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  35. Gulland, Anne (30 June 2017). "Doctors commended for their bravery in response to terrorist incidents". BMJ. 357: j3184. doi:10.1136/bmj.j3184. ISSN 0959-8138. PMID 28667098. Archived from the original on 30 June 2017.
  36. "BMA – Awards and honours". bma.org.uk. Archived from the original on 30 July 2017. Retrieved 3 July 2017.
  37. Evans, Martin; Ward, Victoria; Mendick, Robert; Farmer, Ben; Dixon, Hayley; Boyle, Danny (26 May 2017). "Everything we know about Salman Abedi, the Manchester suicide bomber". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  38. Paton, Callum (23 May 2017). "The Manchester bomber was a promising young man who went off the rails, says a religious leader who knew him". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  39. "The Manchester bomber grew up in a neighborhood struggling with extremism". Vice.com. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017.
  40. "Manchester attack: Who was Salman Abedi?". BBC News. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  41. Evans, Martin; Ward, Victoria (23 May 2017). "Salman Abedi named as the Manchester suicide bomber – what we know about him". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017. his parents were Libyan refugees who came to the UK to escape the Gaddafi regime
  42. Evans, Martin; Ward, Victoria (23 May 2017). "Salman Abedi named as the Manchester suicide bomber – what we know about him". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  43. Connor, Richard (25 May 2017). Manchester bomber: A life on the move. Archived 30 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  44. "The face of hate': Manchester Arena attack suspect Salman Abedi's home raided, disturbing book found". Stuff. 24 May 2017.
  45. "Manchester Arena attacker named by police as Salman Ramadan Abedi". The Guardian. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  46. Ian Cobain; Frances Perraudin; Steven Morris; Nazia Parveen. "Salman Ramadan Abedi named by police as Manchester Arena attacker". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017. Salman and his brother Ismail worshipped at Didsbury mosque, where their father, who is known as Abu Ismail within the community, is a well-known figure. "He used to do the five and call the adhan. He has an absolutely beautiful voice. And his boys learned the Qur'an by heart.
  47. Devine, Peter (1 June 2017). "Manchester Arena bomber Salman Abedi was former Wellacre pupil". Messenger Newspapers. Retrieved 30 November 2019.
  48. Salman Abedi: from hot-headed party lover to suicide bomber. The Guardian (26 May 2017). Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  49. Dearden, Lizzie (26 May 2017). "Salman Abedi once called RE teacher an 'Islamophobe' for asking his opinion of suicide bombers". The Independent. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  50. Simpson, John; Gibbons, Katie; Kenber, Billy; Trew, Bel (26 May 2017). "Abedi called teacher an Islamophobe". The Times. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  51. Fox, Aine (25 May 2017). "Salman Abedi banned from mosque and reported to authorities for extremist views". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 7 April 2018.
  52. "QE.L.11.01. Libyan Islamic Fighting Group". United Nations Security Council Al-Qaida Sanctions Committee. 23 August 2010. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  53. How Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was radicalised by his links to Libya. The Guardian (27 May 2017). Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  54. "Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was rescued from Libyan civil war by Royal Navy". Sky News. 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  55. "Did MI5 miss chance to catch Manchester Arena bomber Salman Abedi?". BBC News. 31 July 2018. Retrieved 31 July 2018.
  56. Callimachi, Rukmini; Schmit, Eric (3 June 2017). "Manchester bomber met with ISIS unit in Libya, officials say". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  57. Cobain, Ian; Perraudin, Frances; Morris, Steven; Parveen, Nazia (23 May 2017). "Salman Ramadan Abedi named by police as Manchester Arena attacker". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  58. Dearden, Lizzie (24 May 2017). "Salman Abedi: How Manchester attacker turned from cannabis-smoking dropout to Isis suicide bomber". The Independent. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017.
  59. "Everything we know about Salman Abedi, the Manchester suicide bomber". Archived from the original on 25 May 2017.
  60. Robert Mendick; Martin Evans; Victoria Ward. "Exclusive: Manchester suicide bomber used student loan and benefits to fund terror plot". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017. The Manchester suicide bomber used taxpayer-funded student loans and benefits to bankroll the terror plot, police believe. Salman Abedi is understood to have received thousands of pounds in state funding in the run up to Monday's atrocity even while he was overseas receiving bomb-making training.
  61. Ian Cobain; Ewen MacAskill. "Police focus on Libya amid reports of arrest of Salman Abedi's brother". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017. Abedi studied business and management at Salford University two or three years ago, but dropped out of the course and did not complete his degree. The Guardian understands he was receiving student loan payments as recently as last month.
  62. Dearden, Lizzie (3 June 2017). "Manchester attack: Salman Abedi 'made bomb in four days' after potentially undergoing terror training in Libya". The Independent. London: Independent News & Media. Archived from the original on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 4 June 2017.
  63. "Police reveal Manchester attacker Salman Abedi's petty criminal past". 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017.
  64. "Manchester attack: Police hunt 'network' behind bomber". BBC News. 24 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  65. Stephen, Chris (24 May 2017). "Libyans in UK 'warned about Manchester radicalisation for years'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  66. Mendick, Robert; Rayner, Gordon; Evans, Martin; Dixon, Hayley (25 May 2017). "Security services missed five opportunities to stop the Manchester bomber". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  67. Sharman, Jon (25 May 2017). "Manchester attack: Members of the public 'reported Salman Abedi to anti-terror hotline'". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  68. Fox, Aine; Abbit, Beth (25 May 2017). "Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was banned from a mosque and reported to authorities for his extremist views". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  69. Perraudin, Frances (30 May 2017). "Salman Abedi was unknown to Prevent workers, says police chief". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  70. "MI5 launches internal inquiry over Manchester bomber warnings". CNN. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  71. "Manchester attacks: MI5 probes bomber 'warnings'". BBC News. 29 May 2017. Archived from the original on 29 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  72. Dodd, Vikram (29 May 2017). "MI5 opens inquiries into missed warnings over Manchester terror threat". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  73. Curtis, Mark (5 April 2018). What will be the blowback for UK government after Libya revelations?. Middle East Eye. Retrieved 2018-10-26.
  74. "MI5 'too slow' over Manchester Arena bomber". BBC News. 22 November 2018. Retrieved 23 November 2018.
  75. Simpson, Fiona (23 May 2017). "Manchester attack: Bombing suspect named as Salman Abedi, police confirm". London Evening Standard. London. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  76. Jones, Sam; Haddou, Leila; Bounds, Andrew (23 May 2017). "Manchester suicide bomber named as 22-year-old from city". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 6 June 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  77. Pidd, Helen (31 May 2017). "Police believe Manchester bomber Salman Abedi largely acted alone". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  78. Parveen, Nazia (7 July 2017). "Manchester bombing: police say Salman Abedi did not act alone". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  79. Huggler, Justin (25 May 2017). "Manchester bomber passed through Dusseldorf four days before the attack, German media reports". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  80. Saeed, Saim (24 May 2017). "French interior minister: Salman Abedi had 'proven' links with Islamic State". politico.eu. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 1 June 2017.
  81. "Manchester bomber's father says he did not expect attack". Reuters. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  82. Witte, Griff; Adam, Karla; Raghavan, Sudarsan (24 May 2017). "Manchester bombing probe expands with arrests on two continents". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  83. "Manchester attack: Police make tenth arrest". BBC News. 26 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  84. Smith-Spark, Laura; Gorani, Hala. "Manchester bomber spoke to brother before attack". CNN. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  85. Chivers, C.L. (24 May 2017). "Found at the Scene in Manchester: Shrapnel, a Backpack and a Battery". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  86. "Manchester attack latest: U.S. lawmaker says U.K. bomb showed 'sophistication'". CTVNews. 24 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  87. "The hunt is on for the Manchester bomber's accomplices". The Economist. 26 May 2017. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  88. Mills, Jen (30 May 2017). "Salman Abedi 'bought most of Manchester bomb components himself'". Metro News. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017.
  89. "Manchester attack: CCTV shows bomber before arena blast". BBC News. 28 May 2017. Archived from the original on 28 May 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2017.
  90. Roberts, Elizabeth; Gast, Phil. "Did you see Manchester bomber with blue suitcase?". CNN. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  91. "British police release new photos of arena bombing suspect". NBC News. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  92. Cox, Charlotte (11 June 2017). "All those arrested since Manchester Arena attack released without charge". Manchester Evening News. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  93. "Manchester Arena bomber's brother held in UK after extradition". The Guardian. 17 July 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2019.
  94. "Hashem Abedi: Manchester Arena attack brother 'equally guilty'". BBC News. 4 February 2020. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  95. "Manchester Arena bombing: Hashem Abedi guilty of 22 murders". BBC News. BBC. 17 March 2020. Retrieved 17 March 2020.
  96. "Manchester attack: US leaks about bomber irritating – Rudd". BBC News. 24 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  97. MacAskill, Ewen; Borger, Julian (24 May 2017). "US officials leak more Manchester details hours after UK rebuke". The Guardian. London & Washington. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  98. "Manchester attack: 'Fury' at US 'evidence' photos leak". BBC News. 24 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  99. "Manchester attack: Police 'not sharing information with US'". BBC News. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  100. "Manchester attack: Trump condemns media leaks". BBC News. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  101. MacAskill, Ewen; Borger, Julian (25 May 2017). "White House rift with security agencies 'aided Manchester bomb leaks'". The Guardian. London & Washington. Archived from the original on 25 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  102. "Manchester attack: Editor defends publishing leaked photos". BBC News. 27 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  103. "U.S. takes 'full responsibility' for Manchester intelligence leaks – Tillerson". Reuters. 26 May 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  104. Titheradge, Ed Thomas and Noel (16 August 2018). "Mosque sermon 'called for armed jihad'". BBC News. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  105. Pidd, Helen (16 August 2018). "Manchester police investigate arena bomber's links to imam". the Guardian. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  106. Editorial, Reuters. "Islamist group rejects terrorism charge by states boycotting Qatar". U.S. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  107. "- The Washington Post". Washington Post. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  108. Doward, Jamie; Cobain, Ian; Stephen, Chris; Quinn, Ben (28 May 2017). "How Manchester bomber Salman Abedi was radicalised by his links to Libya". the Guardian. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  109. "Charity Details". beta.charitycommission.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  110. Norfolk, Andrew (17 August 2015). "A shadowy web traced back to Bradford". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  111. "HUMAN RELIEF FOUNDATION – Filing history (free information from Companies House)". beta.companieshouse.gov.uk. p. see page 24 in the Group of companies' accounts made up to 31 December 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
  112. "Qatar Commits Usd 40 Million for Un Operations in Gaza". WikiLeaks. 12 May 2009.
  113. Walker, Peter; Elgot, Jessica (23 May 2017). "Theresa May leads condemnation of 'cowardly' Manchester attack". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 31 May 2017. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
  114. Jenny.minard (23 May 2017). "A message from Her Majesty The Queen to the Lord-Lieutenant of Greater Manchester". The Royal Family. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  115. "Campaigning suspended as world leaders pay respects". ITV News. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017. Leaders of political parties did not hesitate to suspend General Election campaigning in the wake of the terror attack in Manchester. ... Campaigning for the 8 June vote will remain suspended for a second day on Wednesday.
  116. "General election campaigning suspended after Manchester attack". The Guardian. London. 22 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  117. "Andy Burnham says spirit of Manchester will prevail after 'evil act'". London Evening Standard. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017.
  118. "Manchester Arena explosion: Latest updates". BBC News. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  119. Edwards, Peter. "Corbyn attends Manchester vigil and insists: "Our hearts are broken but our resolve has never been stronger"". Labour List. Archived from the original on 8 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  120. Manchester Mayor: Bomber Was A Terrorist, Not A Muslim Archived 5 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine, lbc.co.uk, 24 May 2017
  121. "Manchester Arena bombing: Everything we know about the suicide attack that killed at least 22 people". The Independent. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  122. "Manchester attack: National minute's silence held". BBC News. 25 May 2017. Archived from the original on 26 May 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  123. Halliday, Josh (22 June 2017). "Islamophobic attacks in Manchester surge by 500% after arena attack". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  124. Peck, Tom (27 May 2017). "Theresa May to set up commission for countering extremism". The Independent. Retrieved 18 March 2018.
  125. Ariana Grande [@ArianaGrande] (23 May 2017). "broken. from the bottom of my heart, i am so so sorry. i don't have words" (Tweet). Retrieved 22 April 2018 – via Twitter.
  126. Palazzo, Chiara. "'An attack on innocents': World reacts with shock and horror to Manchester explosion". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  127. "UN chief strongly condemns terrorist attack on Manchester concert". 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  128. "Statement by Commonwealth Secretary-General Patricia Scotland on terror attack in Manchester". 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 12 October 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  129. "Statement by European Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker following the attack in Manchester". 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  130. "Pope Francis offers condolences to Manchester attack victims". Catholic Herald. 23 May 2017. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  131. "OIC Secretary General Condemns the Deadly Attack in Manchester, the United Kingdom". 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  132. Bloom, Ester. "Obama's response to Charlottesville is now the most 'liked' tweet of all time" Archived 16 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, CNBC, 15 August 2017
  133. "Ariana Grande Suspends Tour After Manchester Attack". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on 23 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  134. "Ariana Grande Returns Home to Florida After Manchester Concert Attack". US Weekly. Archived from the original on 24 May 2017. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  135. "Break Free: Broadway Performers to Throw Manchester Benefit Concert" Archived 9 August 2017 at the Wayback Machine, BroadwayWorld.com, 29 June 2017
  136. "Manchester attack: Ariana Grande to play benefit concert on Sunday". BBC News. 30 May 2017. Archived from the original on 30 May 2017. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  137. Youngs, Ian (5 June 2017). "One Love Manchester: Joy shines through pain at benefit concert". BBC News. Archived from the original on 7 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  138. TIME. "Ariana Grande's Manchester Benefit Concert Raised $13 Million". Time. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2017.
  139. Blistein, Jon. "Families of Ariana Grande Concert Attack Victims to Receive $324,000", Rolling Stone, 15 August 2017
  140. Lockett, Dee. "The 10 Best Concerts of 2017" Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine, New York Magazine, 21 December 2017
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.