Inuyasha

Inuyasha (犬夜叉), also known as Inuyasha: A Feudal Fairy Tale (Japanese: 戦国御伽草子 犬夜叉, Hepburn: Sengoku Otogizōshi Inuyasha), is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi. The series begins with Kagome Higurashi, a 15-year-old schoolgirl from modern-day Tokyo who is transported to the Sengoku period of Japan after falling into a well in her family shrine, where she meets the half dog-demon, Inuyasha. When a monster from that era tries to take the magical Shikon Jewel embodied in Kagome, she inadvertently shatters the Jewel into many pieces that are dispersed across Japan. Inuyasha and Kagome start traveling to recover it before the powerful and evil half spider-demon Naraku finds all the shards. Inuyasha and Kagome gain a number of allies during their journey, and their group is joined by Shippo, Miroku, Sango and Kirara.

Inuyasha
Cover of the first tankōbon volume of Inuyasha, as published by Shogakukan on May 18, 1997, featuring Inuyasha and Kagome Higurashi
戦国お伽草子–犬夜叉
(Sengoku Otogizōshi Inuyasha)
GenreAdventure, fantasy,[1] romance[2]
Manga
Written byRumiko Takahashi
Published byShogakukan
English publisher
NA/UK
Viz Media
DemographicShōnen
ImprintShōnen Sunday Comics
MagazineWeekly Shōnen Sunday
Original runNovember 13, 1996 – June 18, 2008
Volumes56
Anime television series
Directed by
  • Masashi Ikeda (#1–44)
  • Yasunao Aoki (#45–167)
Produced by
  • Michihiko Suwa
  • Hideyuki Tomioka
Written byKatsuyuki Sumisawa
Music byKaoru Wada
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Madman Entertainment
Anime Limited
Viz Media
Original networkNNS (ytv)
English network
Adult Swim
RTÉ2
Neon Alley
Four
Animax Asia
Channel 4
Animax
Original run October 16, 2000 – September 13, 2004
Episodes167
Anime television series
Inuyasha: The Final Act
Directed byYasunao Aoki
Produced by
  • Tomoyuki Saito
  • Mitomu Asai
  • Naohiro Ogata
Written byKatsuyuki Sumisawa
Music byKaoru Wada
StudioSunrise
Licensed by
Madman Entertainment
Viz Media
Original networkNNS (ytv)
English network
Neon Alley
Animax Asia
Adult Swim (Toonami)
Original run October 3, 2009 – March 29, 2010
Episodes26
Feature films
  1. Inuyasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time
  2. Inuyasha the Movie: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass
  3. Inuyasha the Movie: Swords of an Honorable Ruler
  4. Inuyasha the Movie: Fire on the Mystic Island

Inuyasha premiered in Weekly Shōnen Sunday on November 13, 1996, and concluded on June 18, 2008, with the chapters collected into 56 tankōbon volumes by Shogakukan. In contrast to the typically comedic nature of much of Takahashi's previous work, Inuyasha deals with a darker and more serious subject matter, using the setting of the Sengoku period to easily display the violent content while still retaining some comedic elements.

The manga was adapted into two anime television series produced by Sunrise. The first was broadcast for 167 episodes on Yomiuri TV and Nippon TV in Japan from October 16, 2000 to September 13, 2004. The second series, Inuyasha: The Final Act, began airing five years later on October 3, 2009, to cover the rest of the manga series and ended on March 29, 2010, after 26 episodes. Four feature films and an original video animation have also been released. Other merchandise include video games and a light novel.

Viz Media licensed the manga, the two anime series, and movies for North America. Both Inuyasha and Inuyasha: The Final Act aired in the United States on Adult Swim (and later on its revived Toonami block) from 2002 until 2015.

The Inuyasha manga has over 45 million copies in circulation. In 2002, the manga won the 47th Shogakukan Manga Award for the shōnen category.

Plot

In modern-day Tokyo, Kagome Higurashi lives on the grounds of her family's Shinto shrine with her mother, grandfather and younger brother, Sota. On her fifteenth birthday, when she goes to retrieve her cat, Kagome is dragged into the enshrined Bone Eater's Well (骨喰いの井戸, Honekui no Ido) by a centipede demon that emerged from it. But rather than hit the bottom, Kagome finds herself in the past during Japan's Sengoku period. The demon is revealed to have originally been defeated fifty years prior by Kikyo, a warrior priestess who is the keeper of the Shikon Jewel (四魂の玉, Shikon no Tama, lit. "The Jewel of Four Souls"), an artifact created by the sacrifice of the priestess Midoriko which grants its holder's desires. As pointed out by Kikyo's younger sister, Kaede, Kagome is revealed to be the reincarnation of the now-dead Kikyo, who was the priestess in charge of looking after the sacred jewel. The Shikon Jewel was burned along with Kikyo's remains to cast it out of this world entirely, in order to keep it safe from the hands of those who would abuse it. Then Kagome comes across a boy pinned by a sacred arrow on a tree, learning he is Inuyasha, a half dog-demon (yōkai), whom Kikyo trapped as her final act when he attempted to steal the jewel. Kagome frees Inuyasha to kill the centipede demon, but Kaede subdues him with a magical beaded necklace to keep him in line with Kagome saying "sit" or "sit, boy", which causes him to violently crash to the ground. The Shikon Jewel was extracted from Kagome's body by Mistress Centipede, and then later taken by a crow demon, which Kagome destroyed with her arrow, but in doing so, shattered the jewel into many shards that flew across Japan and into the possession of those who gain the individual shards' power.

After Inuyasha gains his father's sword Tetsusaiga, placing him at odds with his older half-brother Sesshomaru, he aids Kagome in collecting the shards and dealing with the threats they cause as they are joined by Shippo the young fox demon. Kikyo is partially revived while revealed to have been Inuyasha's lover, but her version of how their falling out occurred brings the events into question. It was when the group is joined by the perverted monk Miroku, whose hand is cursed with a wind tunnel that was passed on to him from his grandfather, that his family's curse and the events which resulted in Inuyasha's imprisonment and Kikyo's death were caused by the evil half spider-demon Naraku. The evolving Naraku is revealed to have been born from the soul of the evil bandit Onigumo inhabiting a body created by countless demons as part of a pact to acquire the Shikon Jewel for his own ends, seeking out the shard while absorbing demons to increase his power and remove any weaknesses. Inuyasha's group is soon joined after by the demon slayer Sango and her two-tailed demon-cat Kirara. Sango's clan was killed when her younger brother Kohaku fell under Naraku's control and is kept alive by a Jewel shard. Over time, Inuyasha enhances Tetsusaiga into stronger forms while contends with Naraku's minion incarnations like Kagura and Kanna, and the reanimated Band of Seven. Inuyasha's team is loosely allied by Sesshomaru who took the orphaned girl Rin as a ward, the resurrected Kikyo, and Koga, the leader of the eastern wolf-demon tribe who seeks to avenge many of his comrades' deaths and has a one-sided crush on Kagome.

While Naraku momentarily removes his heart in the form of the Infant, who later attempts to overthrow Naraku through his vessel Moryomaru, Kohaku regains his freewill and memories and attempts to help out of guilt for indirectly killing his father. During that time, Sesshomaru settles things with Inuyasha to enable his brother to perfect Tetsusaiga to its optimal abilities. Eventually, Koga is forced to stand on the sidelines while Kikyo uses the last of her life force to give Kohaku a second chance at life as Naraku finally reassembles the Shikon Jewel. Although Inuyasha and his allies defeat him, realizing his true desire is for Kikyo's love despite his hatred towards her and that it can never be granted, Naraku uses his wish to trap himself and Kagome in the Shikon Jewel. Revealed to be sentient, the Shikon Jewel intends to have Kagome make a selfish wish so she and Naraku will be trapped in conflict and prolong its existence. But with Inuyasha by her side, Kagome wishes for the Shikon Jewel to disappear which causes Kagome to return to her time with the Well sealed, and she and Inuyasha lose contact for three long years.

In that time, the Sengoku period changes drastically: Sango and Miroku marry and have three children together; Kohaku resumes his journey to become a strong demon slayer with Kirara as his companion; and Shippo attains the seventh rank as a fox demon. Koga marries Ayame, the leader of the northern wolf-demon tribe, joining their tribes. Kaede takes Rin in her care to get her use to living with humans again if she wants to in the future. Back in the present, Kagome graduates from high school before finally managing to get the Bone Eater's Well in her backyard to work again. Kagome returns to the Sengoku period, where she reunites with Inuyasha, marries him and continues to train to become a priestess.

Development

Rumiko Takahashi wrote Inuyasha after finishing Ranma ½. In contrast to her previous comedic works such as Urusei Yatsura (1978-1987), Maison Ikkoku (1980-1987), and One Pound Gospel (1987-2006), Takahashi wanted to create a darker storyline that was thematically closer to her Mermaid Saga stories. In order to portray violent themes softly, the story was set in the Sengoku period, when wars were common. Takahashi did no notable research for the designs of samurai or castles because she considered such topics common knowledge. By June 2001, a clear ending to the series hadn't been established because Takahashi still was unsure about how to end the relationship between Inuyasha and Kagome. Furthermore, Takahashi said that she did not have an ending to previous manga she wrote during the beginning, having figured them out as their serialization progressed.[3]

Media

Manga

Written and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi, Inuyasha premiered in Japan in the November 13, 1996 issue of Weekly Shōnen Sunday,[4][5] where it ran until its conclusion in the June 18, 2008 issue.[6] The chapters were collected into 56 tankōbon volumes published by Shogakukan, with the first volume released in May 1997 and the last released in February 2009.[7][8] In 2013, a special epilogue chapter was published in Weekly Shōnen Sunday as part of the "Heroes Come Back" anthology comprising short stories by manga artists to raise funds for recovery of the areas afflicted by the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami.[9] The chapter was later included in the last volume of wide-ban reprint of the manga in 2015.

Viz Media licensed the series for an English-language release in North America. Initially, Viz released it in monthly American comic book format, each issue containing two or three chapters from the original manga, but eventually abandoned this system in favor of trade paperbacks with the same chapter divisions as the Japanese volumes. Viz released its first trade paperback volume in March 1998. At the time, American manga reprints were normally "flipped" to conform to the American convention of reading books from left to right by mirroring the original artwork; among other effects, this caused right-handed characters to appear left-handed. Viz later stopped flipping its new manga releases, although Inuyasha was already well into printing by the time this change was made with volume 38.[10] As of January 11, 2011, all 56 volumes have been released in North America. From November 2009 to February 2014, Viz reprinted the series in their "VizBig" format, combining three of the original volumes into a single omnibus with slightly larger pages and full-color bonus art that was previously reduced to grayscale, and in the original right to left format.[10] Viz Media also issues a separate series of ani-manga volumes which are derived from full-color screenshots of the anime episodes. These volumes are slightly smaller than the regular manga volumes, are oriented in the Japanese tradition of right to left, feature new covers with higher quality pages, and a higher price point versus the regular volumes. Each ani-manga volume is arranged into chapters that correspond to the anime episodes rather than the manga.

Anime

Inuyasha

The first Inuyasha anime adaptation produced by Sunrise was released in Japan on Yomiuri TV on October 16, 2000, and ran for 167 episodes until its conclusion on September 13, 2004. It was also broadcast on Nippon Television.[11] Avex collected the episodes in a total of seven series of DVDs volumes distributed in Japan between May 30, 2001 and July 27, 2005.[12][13]

The English dub of the anime was licensed to be released in North America by Viz Media.[14] The series was first run on Adult Swim (although it had originally been planned for Cartoon Network's Toonami) from August 31, 2002, to October 27, 2006,[15] with reruns from 2006 to 2014. When Toonami became a block on Adult Swim, Inuyasha aired there from November 2012 to March 1, 2014,[16] when the network announced that they had lost the broadcast rights to the series.[17] On August 25, 2017, Starz announced that they would be offering episodes of the series for their Video on Demand service starting September 1, 2017.[18] The series aired in Canada on YTV's Bionix programming block from September 5, 2003, to December 1, 2006.[19] Viz collected the series in a total of 55 DVD volumes,[20][21] while seven box sets were also released.[22][23]

Inuyasha: The Final Act

In 2009's 34th issue of Weekly Shōnen Sunday, published July 22, 2009, it was officially announced that a 26-episode anime adaption of volumes 36 to the end of the manga would be made by the first anime's same cast and crew and would air on Japan's YTV.[24] The following week, Viz Media announced it had licensed the new adaptation, titled Inuyasha: The Final Act (犬夜叉 完結編, Inuyasha Kanketsu-hen).[25] The series premiered on October 3, 2009 in Japan with the episodes being simulcast via Hulu and Weekly Shōnen Sunday in the United States.[26] In other parts of Asia the episodes were aired the same week on Animax Asia.[27] The anime completed its run on March 29, 2010. Aniplex collected the series into a total of seven DVDs released between December 23, 2009, and June 23, 2010.[28][29]

Viz Media released the series in two DVD or Blu-ray sets which included an English dub.[30] The first thirteen episodes, constituting the first set, were released on November 20, 2012,[31][32] and the last thirteen episodes, constituting the second set, were released on February 12, 2013.[33][34][35] The series began broadcasting in the United States and Canada on Viz Media's online network, Neon Alley, on October 2, 2012.[36] On October 24, 2014, it was announced that Adult Swim would air The Final Act on the Toonami block, beginning on November 15, at 2:00 a.m. EST.[37]

Films

There are four animated feature films with original storylines written by Katsuyuki Sumisawa, the writer for the Inuyasha anime series.[38] The films were released with English subtitles and dubbed audio tracks on Region 1 DVD by Viz Media. Together, the four films have earned over US$20 million in Japanese box offices.[39]

The first film, Inuyasha the Movie: Affections Touching Across Time, was released in Japan on December 16, 2001. In the film, Inuyasha, Kagome, Shippo, Sango, and Miroku must face Menomaru, a demonic enemy brought to life by a Shikon Shard, as they continue their quest to gather said shards.

In the second film, Inuyasha the Movie: The Castle Beyond the Looking Glass, released on December 21, 2002, the group defeats Naraku and returns to their normal lives only to have to deal with a new enemy named Kaguya, a character based upon a popular Japanese myth about a princess from the moon.

The third film, Inuyasha the Movie: Swords of an Honorable Ruler, was released on December 20, 2003. In it, a third sword of Inuyasha's father called So'unga is unleashed from its centuries-old seal and seeks to destroy the Earth forcing Inuyasha and Sesshomaru to work together to stop it.

The fourth and final film, Inuyasha the Movie: Fire on the Mystic Island, was released on December 23, 2004, and depicts Inuyasha and his friends attempting to rescue children trapped on the mysterious island Houraijima by the wrath of powerful demons known as The Four War Gods.

Original video animation

A 30-minute original video animation titled Black Tessaiga (黒い鉄砕牙, Kuroi Tessaiga), was presented on July 30, 2008, at an "It's a Rumic World" exhibit at the Matsuya Ginza department store in Tokyo's Ginza shopping district. The episode uses the original voice cast from the anime series.[40] It was released in Japan on October 20, 2010, in both DVD and Blu-ray formats.[41][42]

Soundtrack CDs

Multiple soundtracks and character songs were released for the series by Avex Mode. Three character singles were released August 3, 2005 – "Aoki Yasei o Daite" (蒼き野生を抱いて, Embrace the Untamed Wilderness) by Inuyasha featuring Kagome, "Kaze no Naka e" (風のなかへ, Into the Wind) by Miroku featuring Sango and Shippo, and "Gō" (業, Fate) by Sesshomaru featuring Jaken and Rin. The singles charted at number 63, 76, and 79 respectively on the Oricon chart.[43][44][45] Three more character songs were released on January 25, 2006 – "Rakujitsu" (落日, Setting Sun) by Naraku, "Tatta Hitotsu no Yakusoku" (たったひとつの約束, That's One Promise) by Kagome Higurashi, and "Abarero!!" (暴れろ!!, Go On A Rampage!!) by Bankotsu and Jakotsu. The singles charted at number 130, 131, and 112 respectively on the Oricon chart.[46][47][48]

On March 24, 2010, Avex released Inuyasha Best Song History (犬夜叉 ベストソング ヒストリー, Inuyasha Besuto Songu Hisutorī), a best album that contains all the opening and ending theme songs used in the series.[11] The album peaked at number 20 on the Oricon album chart and charted for seven weeks.[49]

Video games

Three video games based on the series were released for the WonderSwan: Inuyasha: Kagome no Sengoku Nikki (犬夜叉 〜かごめの戦国日記, Inuyasha: Kagome's Warring States Diary), Inuyasha: Fūun Emaki (犬夜叉 風雲絵巻, Inuyasha: The Sealed Scroll Picture), and Inuyasha: Kagome no Yume Nikki (犬夜叉 かごめの夢日記, Inuyasha: Kagome's Dream Diary).

A single title, Inuyasha: Naraku no Wana! Mayoi no Mori no Shōtaijō (犬夜叉〜奈落の罠!迷いの森の招待状, Inuyasha: Naraku's Trap! Invitation to the Forest of Illusion), was released for the Game Boy Advance on January 23, 2003, in Japan.

Inuyasha has been adapted into a mobile game released for Java and Brew handsets on June 21, 2005.[50]

Two titles were released for the PlayStation: an RPG simply titled Inuyasha, and the fighting game Inuyasha: A Feudal Fairy Tale, the latter of which was released in North America. For the PlayStation 2, the two released games were the RPG Inuyasha: The Secret of the Cursed Mask and the fighting game Inuyasha: Feudal Combat, which also received an English version. An English-only RPG, Inuyasha: Secret of the Divine Jewel, was released for the Nintendo DS on January 23, 2007.[51]

Inuyasha appeared in the crossover video game Sunday vs Magazine: Shūketsu! Chōjō Daikessen as a playable character.[52]

Inuyasha's sword, Tessaiga, has appeared in Monster Hunter as a craftable weapon using items gained from a special event.

An English-language original collectible card game created by Score Entertainment that was first released on October 20, 2004.[53]

Light novel

A light novel, written by Tomoko Komparu and illustrated by Rumiko Takahashi, was published by Shogakukan in 2004.[54]

Live-action

In 2000, a Japanese live-action stage play ran from April through May in the Akasaka ACT Theater in Tokyo, around the same time the anime series began production. The play's script followed the general plot line of the original manga, with a few minor changes to save time. A second run of the play ran from January through February in 2001 at the Akasaka ACT Theater in Tokyo.[55]

In February 2017, it was announced that a new stage play adaptation of Inuyasha would be performed at Tennozu Galaxy Theater in Tokyo from April 6 to 15, featuring Yutaka Kyan from Golden Bomber as Inuyasha and Nogizaka46's Yumi Wakatsuki as Kagome.[56][57]

The Chinese TV series The Holy Pearl is loosely based on Inuyasha. It stars Gillian Chung and Purba Rgyal in lead roles.[58][59]

Reception

Manga

Inuyasha manga has sold more than 45 million copies in Japan alone;[60] individual volumes from Inuyasha have been popular in Japan, taking high places in rankings listing sales.[61][62]

In 2002, the manga won the 47th Shogakukan Manga Award for Best Shōnen title of the year.[63] In North America, the manga volumes have appeared various times in The New York Times[64][65] and Diamond Comic Distributors top selling lists.[66][67] Moreover, in 2005 Inuyasha was one of the most researched series according to Lycos.[68]

Anime

The anime of Inuyasha was ranked twenty by TV Asahi of the 100 best anime series in 2006 based on an online survey in Japan.[69] In ICv2's Anime Awards from both 2004 and 2005, the series was the winner in the category of Property of the Year.[70][71] In the Anime Grand Prix polls by Animage, Inuyasha has appeared various times in the category of Best Anime, taking third place in 2003.[72][73] In the American Anime Awards from 2007, Inuyasha was a nominee in the categories of Best Cast, Best Long Series, and Best Anime Feature, but lost to Fullmetal Alchemist and Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children, respectively.[74] The English DVDs from the series have sold over one million copies ever since March 2003, with the first film's DVD topping the Nielsen VideoScan anime bestseller list for three weeks.[75][76] Mania Entertainment also listed the series in an article ranking anime series that required a reboot, criticizing the series' repetitiveness.[77]

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