FLCL

FLCL (Japanese: フリクリ, Hepburn: Furi Kuri, pronounced in English as Fooly Cooly) is an original video animation (OVA) anime series written by Yōji Enokido, directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki, and produced by the FLCL Production Committee, which consisted of Gainax, Production I.G, and King Records. FLCL is a story following Naota Nandaba, a twelve-year-old boy whose suburban life is disturbed by the arrival of the alien woman Haruko Haruhara.[6]

FLCL
Promotional artwork used on a number of DVD releases of FLCL featuring the three primary characters from the anime, from top, Canti (the blue robot), Haruko, and Naota.
フリクリ
(Furi Kuri)
GenreComedy, science fiction, surrealist[1][2][3]
Created byGainax
Original video animation
Directed byKazuya Tsurumaki
Produced by
  • Masanobu Sato
  • (King Records)
  • Masatomo Nishizawa
  • (Production I.G)
  • Hiroki Sato
  • (Gainax)
Written byYōji Enokido
Music by
  • Shinkichi Mitsumune
  • The Pillows
Studio
  • Gainax
  • Production I.G
Licensed by
Madman Entertainment
Funimation
MVM Entertainment
Released April 26, 2000 – March 16, 2001
Runtime23–31 minutes
Episodes6
Novel series
Written byYoji Enokido
Illustrated by
  • Kazuya Tsurumaki
  • Hiroyuki Imaishi
Published byKadokawa Shoten
English publisher
Tokyopop
DemographicMale
ImprintKadokawa Sneaker Bunko
Original runJune 1, 2000 – March 1, 2001
Volumes3
Manga
Written byHajime Ueda
Published byKodansha
English publisher
Dark Horse Comics
DemographicSeinen
MagazineMagazine Z
Original run2000 – 2001
Volumes2
Anime television series
FLCL Progressive
Directed by
  • Katsuyuki Motohiro (chief)
  • Kazuto Arai[4]
  • Toshihisa Kaiya[4]
  • Yuki Ogawa[4]
  • Yoshihide Ibata[4]
  • Kei Suezawa[4]
  • Hiroshi Ikehata[4]
Produced by
Written byHideto Iwai
Music by
  • R・O・N (VERYGOO)[4]
  • The Pillows
StudioProduction I.G[4]
Licensed byWarner Bros. Television
English network
Original run June 2, 2018 – July 7, 2018
Episodes6
Anime television series
FLCL Alternative
Directed by
  • Katsuyuki Motohiro (chief)
  • Kiyotaka Suzuki (assistant)
  • Yutaka Uemura[5]
Produced by
Written byHideto Iwai
Music by
  • R・O・N (VERYGOO)[5]
  • The Pillows
Studio
  • Production I.G[5]
  • NUT
  • Revoroot
Licensed byWarner Bros. Television
English network
Adult Swim (Toonami)
Original run March 31, 2018
(April Fools' Day airing)
September 8, 2018 – October 13, 2018
Episodes6

The six-episode series was released in Japan from April 2000 to March 2001 alongside a manga and novel. It originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim in August 2003, where it managed to gain a significant cult following[7][8] and was widely acclaimed, despite its short length.[9][10] It aired in the U.S. again in the next years and later also on the network's Toonami block from October 2013 to January 2014,[11] and then again in April 2018.[12] The series is also available via iTunes, Adult Swim.com and Funimation's website.

In 2016, two new seasons totaling 12 episodes were announced as a co-production between Production I.G, Toho, and Adult Swim.[13][14] The second season, FLCL Progressive, premiered on June 2, 2018 on Adult Swim's Toonami block, while the third and final season, FLCL Alternative, premiered on September 8, 2018. In Japan, Alternative and Progressive had theatrical screenings with Alternative opening on September 7, 2018 and Progressive opening on September 28, 2018.[15] The first episode of FLCL Alternative unexpectedly premiered on April Fool's Day 2018 at midnight on Toonami in Japanese with English subtitles.

Plot
The characters of FLCL's first season.

The first season of FLCL is a coming-of-age story and revolves around Naota Nandaba, a 12-year-old, working-class boy living with his widowed father and grandfather. His life in the city of Mabase is interrupted by the arrival of a Vespa-riding maniac named Haruko Haruhara. She runs over Naota then revives him with CPR before hitting him on the head with her left-handed, electric bass guitar (a blue, vintage Rickenbacker 4001) and proceeds to stalk him.[16][17][18] Finding Haruko weaseling her way into his life as a live-in maid, Naota discovers that the head injury she caused created an "N.O." portal, which giant robots produced by a company known as Medical Mechanica emerge from periodically. The first of these robots is hit on the head by Haruko and becomes a friendly service robot later named Canti. Canti ingests Naota to assume the reddened form he first had when fighting the robots sent after him.

Haruko claims she is an alien investigator from the Galactic Space Police Brotherhood, and her presence places Naota and those around him in danger. The Interstellar Immigration Bureau's Commander Amarao, who Haruko has a history with, instead reveals she is an apathetic seductress seeking a space-manipulating being called Atomsk who was partially contained within Canti. Every time Naota is absorbed by Canti, Atomsk is gradually brought to Earth. As Atomsk is held in Medical Mechanica's custody and Haruko ultimately places Earth under threat, the company eventually turns their factory stationed on the planet into a doomsday terraforming device, attempting to have Naota and Canti absorbed by the doomsday device's Terminal Core. Haruko's plan fails as Naota ends up becoming Atomsk's host and then releases him into the universe after a brief battle that ends Medical Mechanica's attack on Earth. Haruko follows after Atomsk, and Mabase returns to some normalcy.

In the second season, FLCL Progressive, Haruko returns to Mabase years later after a failed attempt to contain Atomsk, although she did manage to absorb him. Placing herself as a middle school homeroom teacher, Haruko targets a 14-year-old girl named Hidomi Hibajiri through her classmate and eventual love interest Ko Ide. Haruko finds opposition in both the headphones Hidomi wears and Julia Jinyu, a more stoic offshoot of Haruko that splintered from her during her initial attempt to control Atomsk's power. Haruko eventually eats Julia to restore herself, and uses Ide to get to Hidomi. Like before, this causes conflict between Medical Mechanica and the Interstellar Immigration Bureau, as the latter was reverse-engineering Canti's technology to utilize the N.O. Channel's energies for their own use. Atomsk appears on Earth as planned, but Haruko ends up failing again with a freed Julia taking her leave. Haruko regains her composure and resumes her hunt for Atomsk as Hidomi and Ide begin their relationship while Mabase rebuilds after much of it was destroyed by Medical Mechanica.

In the final season, FLCL Alternative, Haruko enters the life of high school student Kana Koumoto and her friends as she became a mentor of sorts to Kana in helping the teen's transition into adulthood as Medical Mechanica begins its assault on Earth.

Production

The first season of FLCL was directed by Kazuya Tsurumaki and produced by the FLCL Production Committee, which included Gainax, Production I.G,[19] and Starchild Records.[20]

Tsurumaki has said that he tried to "break the rules" of anime when making FLCL, for example, by choosing a contemporary Japanese band to provide the soundtrack, and patterning the style more after "a Japanese TV commercial or promotional video", creating a work that is "short, but dense-packed".[21]

FLCL's localization director and script writer Marc Handler stated that localization of the script was the hardest part of the show. The in-jokes in the show included obscure pop culture references that had to be decoded and transferred to English audiences. One example was a reference to Cheerio, a discontinued soft drink in Japan, for the English release the choice was made to use a discontinued American soft drink at the time, Crystal Pepsi.[22] Director Kazuya Tsurumaki responded to criticism of FLCL, stating "comprehension should not be an important factor in FLCL".[23]

The Medical Mechanica building featured is in the shape of a large iron. The character Amarao describes Medical Mechanica's goal as the destruction of all thought. FLCL uses the iron as a symbolic breakdown of "thought" by smoothing out the wrinkles as equated to the removing of the brain's wrinkles. For English localization, the Japanese team had to explain the concept because a direct translation of script did not convey the ideology.[24]

Release

Six DVD compilations, each containing one episode, have been released in Japan by Gainax.[25] In addition, a DVD collection box, containing all six DVD compilations, was released in Japan on August 13, 2005.[26] Three DVD compilations were released by Synch-Point in North America. A DVD collection box, containing all the DVD compilations of the English episodes, was released on January 23, 2007, but have since gone out of print.[27][28][29] In January 2010, Funimation announced that they had acquired the license for the series and would be releasing it on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in February 2011.[30] Shortly after, it has been released in Australia and New Zealand by Madman Entertainment on a 3-disc DVD set and on Blu-ray Disc.[31][32] It is also licensed in the United Kingdom by MVM Films.[33] The series also aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's Adult Swim programming block from August 4[34] to August 13, 2003.[35]

Media

Novels

A three-volume novel series was written by the anime's screenwriter, Yoji Enokido, illustrated by Kazuya Tsurumaki and Hiroyuki Imaishi, and published by Kadokawa Shoten. The novels were released in Japan in June 2000, October 2000, and March 2001 respectively. The English-language versions were published by Tokyopop and were released in North America on March 11, 2008; September 9, 2008; and March 10, 2009 respectively. The novels cover all 6 episodes of the anime, introducing elements that were not present in the original production.

No.Japanese release dateJapanese ISBNEnglish release dateEnglish ISBN
1 June 1, 2000[36]ISBN 4-04-423601-1March 11, 2008[37]ISBN 978-1-427-80498-3
2 October 1, 2000[38]ISBN 4-04-423602-XSeptember 9, 2008[39]ISBN 978-1-427-80499-0
3 March 1, 2001[40]ISBN 4-04-423603-8March 10, 2009[41]ISBN 978-1-427-80500-3

Manga

A two-volume manga was created by artist Hajime Ueda. The manga interprets the series with certain elements altered and removed, and tells the events of the anime using a reductive art style and unsteady pacing. Jack Kotin defended the unique artstyle of the manga, saying "It can be crudely drawn at times, but this style fits in well with the overall story and atmosphere...".[42]

The manga was published by Kodansha and serialized in monthly Magazine Z. The two volumes were released on October 23, 2000 and August 23, 2001 respectively.[43][44] The manga was re-released in bunkoban format with the two volumes labeled "Jō" (上, First) and "Ge" (下, Final) in two individual box sets titled "Kodansha Box". Jō volume was on May 7, 2007 and the Ge volume was released on June 4, 2007.[45][46] An edited tankōbon version of the manga that was released in box sets, were released on January 10, 2012 and February 9, 2012 respectively.[47][48]

The English-language editions of the manga was released by Tokyopop on September 16, 2003 and on November 4, 2003 respectively.[49][50] In March 2011, Dark Horse Comics announced to re-release the manga in omnibus edition.[51] The omnibus edition was released on May 16, 2012 and includes remastered story pages, a remastered script, and bonus color pages.[52]

Soundtracks

Six pieces of theme music are used for the episodes; five opening themes and one closing theme, all by Japanese rock band The Pillows. The battle themes are "Advice", "Little Busters" and "I Think I Can"; the opening themes are: "One Life", used in episode one, "Instant Music" in episodes two and three, "Happy Bivouac" in episode four, "Runners High", in episode five, and "Carnival" in episode six. The closing theme of each episode is "Ride on Shooting Star".

Geneon Entertainment has released three original soundtracks encompassing the songs by The Pillows, and the score by composer Shinkichi Mitsumune. The first soundtrack, titled FLCL No.1: Addict (フリクリNo.1 アディクト), contains tracks featured in the first three episodes of FLCL. The soundtrack was released on October 4, 2000 in Japan and January 20, 2004 in the US.[53][54] The second soundtrack, titled FLCL No.2: King of Pirates (フリクリNo.2 海賊王, Furi Kuri No.2 Kaizoku-ō), contains tracks featured in the last three episodes of FLCL. The soundtrack was released on July 25, 2001 Japan and September 7, 2004 in the US.[53][55] This volume features several audio dramas, with the cast of FLCL playing the various parts. Due to the dramas included, this album acts as a sequel of sorts to the anime. The third soundtrack, titled FLCL No.3 (フリクリNo.3), is a compilation of the first two soundtracks, featuring only music by The Pillows. The released on June 8, 2005 and June 7, 2005 in the US.[53][56] Unlike the previous two soundtracks, the songs are the original vocal versions from the band's LPs. A fourth album title FooL on CooL generation (フールオンクールジェネレーション) was released in September 2018 with music used in Progressive and Alternative.

FLCL No.1 Addict
No.TitleArranged byLength
1."Last Dinosaur"The Pillows & Zin Yoshida, Jun Suzuki0:23
2."Ride on Shooting Star"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki2:21
3."Sad Sad Kiddie (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Tatsuya Kashima2:04
4."Carnival (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki1:37
5."Runners High ~FLCL Ver.~"The Pillows & Kashima1:38
6."Instant Music"The Pillows & Kashima3:16
7."Stalker (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Kashima2:35
8."Rever’s Edge (B-6)" 2:49
9."Stalker Goes to Babylon" 4:03
10."One Life"The Pillows & Kashima4:08
11."Pain (A-7)" 2:42
12."Comedians' Galop from The Comedians by Kabalevsky" (listed as Kabalevsky from "Clown" ~ Gallop in the tracklist)" (Composed by Dmitri Borisovich Kabalevsky) 1:38
13."Hybrid Rainbow"The Pillows & Kashima3:58
14."Selfish-b (B-6)" 2:13
15."Pink (A-6)" 1:39
16."Beautiful Morning with You (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki1:35
17."Sleepy Head (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki1:04
18."Bran-New Lovesong (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Kashima1:58
19."Come Down (Off Vocal Version)"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki2:06
20."Advice ~FLCL Arrange Ver.~"The Pillows & Yoshida, Suzuki2:13
21."Little Busters"The Pillows & Kashima3:43
Total length:49:42
FLCL No.2 King of Pirates
No.TitleArranged byLength
1."Crazy Sunshine"The Pillows & Zin Yoshida, Jun Suzuki4:06
2."White Ash"The Pillows1:19
3."Taxi (Drama)" 10:00
4."Nightmare (Karaoke)"The Pillows, Zin Yoshida, and Tatsuya Kashima1:02
5."Patricia (Karaoke)"The Pillows, Zin Yoshida, and Tatsuya Kashima1:38
6."Memory of Summer"Shinkichi Mitsumune2:21
7."Blues Drive Monster"The Pillows3:25
8."Funny Bunny"The Pillows, Zin Yoshida, Jun Suzuki, and Tatsuya Kashima.3:37
9."Mamiko (Drama)" 3:04
10."Ohgiri (Drama)" 4:55
11."Harumi (Drama)" 1:51
12."High Risk"Shinkichi Mitsumune1:46
13."Weekend"Shinkichi Mitsumune2:37
14."Being Bitten (Drama)" 7:17
15."Another Morning"The Pillows4:36
16."Last Dinosaur"The Pillows3:44
17."I Think I Can"The Pillows, Zin Yoshida, Jun Suzuki, and Tatsuya Kashima.2:59
18."One Life" (hidden track)The Pillows4:10
Total length:60:00
FLCL No.3
No.TitleArranged byLength
1."Sad Sad Kiddie"The Pillows3:12
2."Sleepy Head"The Pillows3:02
3."I Think I Can"The Pillows3:00
4."Blues Drive Monster"The Pillows3:26
5."Carnival"The Pillows3:50
6."Come Down"The Pillows2:09
7."Crazy Sunshine"The Pillows4:08
8."Stalker"The Pillows2:37
9."Nightmare"The Pillows1:43
10."Funny Bunny"The Pillows3:37
11."Beautiful Morning With You"The Pillows5:43
12."Advice"The Pillows2:15
13."Runners High"The Pillows2:46
14."Hybrid Rainbow"The Pillows4:00
15."Little Busters"The Pillows3:46
16."Last Dinosaur"The Pillows3:46
17."Ride On Shooting Star"The Pillows2:22
Total length:55:28
FooL on CooL generation
No.TitleArranged byLength
1."Spiky Seeds"The Pillows3:07
2."I Think I Can"The Pillows3:00
3."The Third Eye"The Pillows3:58
4."My Foot"The Pillows4:58
5."You Stood There, Like an Angel"The Pillows3:12
6."Freebee Honey"The Pillows3:35
7."Non Fiction"The Pillows3:20
8."Fool on the Planet"The Pillows6:13
9."Last Dinosaur"The Pillows3:46
10."The Sun that Will Not Rise"The Pillows6:17
11."Thank You, my Twilight"The Pillows4:31
12."Star Overhead"The Pillows4:37

Reception
A Vespa scooter, as used by Haruko.

FLCL has received a mostly positive reception. The series has been described as "bizarre" and "surreal",[57][58] and has been noted for its symbolic content,[59] unusual plot,[60] and its soundtrack composed by The Pillows.[61] Its experimental nature has also been noted, which includes an entire scene made in the cutout animation style of animated American series South Park,[62][63] or The Matrix-like camera rotation tricks.[64]

Christopher McDonald of Anime News Network called it "downright hilarious" and "visually superb" with great music, citing the packaging of 2 episodes per DVD as the only weakness of Synch-Point's original release.[65] Robert Nelson of T.H.E.M. Anime Reviews gave the anime 4 out of 5 stars, stating "FLCL may not have a straightforward or deep plot. It may not have complex characterizations. Hell, it may not have any meaning. But FLCL does succeed in its true objective. It is fun to watch!"[66] Chris Beveridge of Mania gave it an A−, stating "FLCL is something that allowed those involved to try a wide variety of styles and techniques and does come off as quite experimental. But nearly everything worked in their favor and you end up with three hours of nearly break neck speed action, comedy and commentary on modern life."[67] Brian Ruh praised the series, stating "It was very frenetic and kept pushing the envelope on what was possible in Japanese animation."[68]

IGN columnist Davis Smith reviewed the anime shortly after its English premiere, in the article Smith praised the series' unusual story telling, extremely high quality animation and the soundtrack provided by The Pillows; rewarding the series a score of 9 out of 10 concluding, "Logic dictates that FLCL should be an undisciplined and unaffecting mess, given all the insanity that its creators are attempting to weld into a functioning whole. Yet while it's hard to explain exactly why, it works. It entertains me. At times, it makes me laugh; at times, it makes me a little misty-eyed; at times, it makes me want to scream and howl and light things on fire and break windows with baseball bats and yes, maybe even buy a Vespa. That's the kind of success that you just can't argue with."[69]

From January 3 to February 7, 2012, Hayden Childs, of the online magazine The A.V. Club, composed a six-part weekly analysis and review of each FLCL episode in celebration of The Legend of Korra's then upcoming third season, a series that was heavily influenced by FLCL's animation style. In the article, Childs gave an extremely positive review of the series, understanding it as a surrealist inspired coming of age story,[70] stating "For all of its wild and initially bewildering aspects, the major purpose of FLCL is the impressionistic and often naturalistic documentation of Naota's passage into maturity."[71]

Avatar: The Last Airbender director Giancarlo Volpe has stated members of his staff "were all ordered to buy FLCL and watch every single episode of it."[72]

Awards and acclaims

On August 12, 2003, a Time Warner press release noted the success of Cartoon Network: FLCL "ranked No. 42 among all shows on ad-supported cable among adults 18–34".[34] Also in 2003, FLCL won third place for Best Animation Film at the Fantasia Festival.[73][74] On February 24, 2007, FLCL was nominated for "Best Cast", and won "Best Comedy Series" and "Best Short Series" at the first American Anime Awards show.[75] Anime Insider ranked FLCL 4th in their list of the best English-licensed anime of all time in November 2007.[76]

Sequel series

American anime news service Anime News Network reported on August 31, 2015 that the production studio Production I.G may be planning a remake of the popular series after announcing their purchase of the rights to FLCL from production company Gainax. This led many to speculate on the potential of a remake or possible continuation of the series.[77] According to Hideaki Anno, Anno's studio Khara was originally set to buy the rights to FLCL from Gainax. Before the deal was done however, Gainax suddenly raised the asking price causing the deal to fall though.[78]

The sequel anime series was announced on March 24, 2016 via the Toonami crew's Tumblr and Facebook page that 12 new episodes of FLCL would be produced in cooperation with Production I.G. The episodes were split into two individual seasons: FLCL Progressive (フリクリ プログレ, Furikuri Purogure, "FLCL Progress") and FLCL Alternative (フリクリ オルタナ, Furikuri Orutana, "FLCL Alterna") which served as sequels to the popular series which was broadcast on Adult Swim's anime block in 2003. The crew includes Neon Genesis Evangelion character designer Yoshiyuki Sadamoto and original series director Kazuya Tsurumaki.

The synopsis of the series was published by Adult Swim:

In the new season of FLCL, many years have passed since Naota and Haruhara Haruko shared their adventure together. Meanwhile, the war between the two entities known as Medical Mechanica and Fraternity rages across the galaxy. Enter Hidomi, a young teenage girl who believes there is nothing amazing to expect from her average life, until one day when a new teacher named Haruko arrives at her school. Soon enough, Medical Mechanica is attacking her town and Hidomi discovers a secret within her that could save everyone, a secret that only Haruko can unlock. But why did Haruko return to Earth? What happened to her Rickenbacker 4001 she left with Naota? And where did the human-type robot 'Canti' go?[79]

Original series character designer Yoshiyuki Sadamoto returned for the sequel and Psycho-Pass director Katsuyuki Motohiro supervised the production. The Pillows returned to contribute to the soundtrack,[80] although the score was primarily composed by R・O・N from the music production company VERYGOO.[4][5]

The second season, FLCL Progressive, premiered on June 2, 2018 on Adult Swim's Toonami block;[81][82][83][79][84][85] the third and final season, FLCL Alternative, premiered on September 8, 2018 and concluded on October 13, 2018.[86] In Japan, Alternative and Progressive had theatrical screenings[87][88] on September 7, 2018, and September 28, 2018, respectively.[89][90] The first episode of FLCL Alternative unexpectedly premiered early at midnight on April Fool's Day on Toonami, airing entirely in Japanese with English subtitles.[91] The day of the second season's US premiere, Toonami simultaneously announced via its Facebook page that they would be delaying the English subtitled versions of both new seasons until November 2018, in respect of the Japanese movie releases.[92][93]

Warner Bros. released FLCL Progressive on DVD on October 1, 2019.[94] and later released FLCL Alternative on DVD and in a Blu-ray combo pack with FLCL Progressive on February 4, 2020.[95]

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Notes
  1. executive producer

Further reading
  • DuHamel, Brandon (February 24, 2011). "FLCL: The Complete Series Blu-ray Review". Blu-rayDefinition.com.
  • "FLCL Vol. 1". Newtype USA. 1 (2). Houston: A.D. Vision. December 2002. ISSN 1541-4817.
  • Johnston, Chris (November 2006). "FLCL Ultimate DVD Collection". Newtype USA. 5 (11). Houston: A.D. Vision. p. 151. ISSN 1541-4817.
  • Horn, Carl Gustav (March 2002). "FLCL". Pulp. 6 (3). p. 1. Archived from the original on June 15, 2002.
  • Horn, Carl Gustav (March 2002). "FLCL". Pulp. 6 (3). p. 2. Archived from the original on June 24, 2002.
  • Horn, Carl Gustav (March 2002). "FLCL". Pulp. 6 (3). p. 3. Archived from the original on June 24, 2002.
  • Horn, Carl Gustav (March 2002). "FLCL". Pulp. 6 (3). p. 4. Archived from the original on June 24, 2002.
  • Horn, Carl Gustav (March 2002). "FLCL". Pulp. 6 (3). p. 5. Archived from the original on June 24, 2002.
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