Henry (given name)

Henry is an English male given name and Irish surname derived from Old French Henri/Henry, itself derived from the Old Frankish name Heimeric/Ermerijc, from Common Germanic *Haimarīks (from *haima- "home" and *rīk- "ruler").[1][2] In Old High German, the name was conflated with the name Haginrich (from hagin "enclosure" and rich "ruler") to form Heinrich.[3]

Henry
Pronunciation/ˈhɛnri/
GenderMale
Name dayJuly 13
Origin
Word/nameEngland
MeaningHome ruler
Ruler of (the) home
Ruler of the homeland
Other names
Related namesHarry (nickname), Hank (nickname), Hal (nickname), Heinz, Heinrich, Hinrich, Emmerich (German), Henrik (Scandinavian), Henri (French), Enrique, Americo (Spanish), Enrico, Amerigo (Italian), Imre (Hungarian), Hendrik (Dutch), Henrique (Portuguese), Henryk (Polish), Jindrich (Czech), Hynek (Czech), Genri, Genrikh (Russian), Enzo (Italian); Ints, Ingus, Indriķis (Latvian), Heiki (Estonian), Henrietta (feminine), Harriet (feminine)

The Old High German name is recorded from the 8th century, in the variants Haimirich, Haimerich, Heimerich, Hemirih.[4] Harry, its English short form, was considered the "spoken form" of Henry in medieval England. Most English kings named Henry were called Harry. The name became so popular in England that the phrase "Tom, Dick, and Harry" began to be used to refer to men in general. The common English feminine forms of the name are Harriet and Henrietta.

It has been a consistently popular name in English-speaking countries for centuries. It was among the top 100 most popular names used for boys born in the United States, England and Wales, and in Australia in 2007. It was the 46th most common name for boys and men in the United States in the 1990 census.[5] Harry, its short form, was the fifth most popular name for boys in England and Wales in 2007 and among the top 50 names in Ireland, Scotland and Northern Ireland in recent years. Harry was ranked as the 578th most popular name in the United States in 2007.[6]

Its variant, Amerigo, was the source from which the continents of Americas were named.

In different languages

Masculine variants

In the High Middle Ages, the name was Latinized as Henricus. It was a royal name in Germany, France and England throughout the high medieval period (Henry I of Germany, Henry I of England, Henry I of France) and widely used as a given name; as a consequence, many regional variants developed in the languages of Western and Central Europe:[7]

Within German, Low German, Frisian and Dutch, numerous diminutives and abbreviated forms exist, including Low German, Dutch and Frisian Heike, Heiko; Dutch Hein, Heintje; German Heiner, Heinz.

The original diphthong was lost in Dutch Hendrik (hypocoristics Henk, Hennie, Rik), Scandinavian Henrik[8] (whence Henning).

Eastern European languages under the influence of German and the Scandinavian languages during the medieval period have developed native forms: Polish Henryk, Czech Jindřich, Hynek. Hungarian, Slovene, Croatian Henrik Finnish Henrikki (hypocoristic Heikki), Lithuanian Henrikas, Lithuanian Herkus.

The French form Henri became productive in the British Isles, in Middle English adopted as Harry, Herry. Herry was adopted into Welsh as Perry, in Irish as Annraoi, Anraí, Einrí and in Scottish Gaelic as Eanraig, Eanruig.

In Southern Europe variants without the initial /h/ include Italian Arrigo, Enrico, Catalan Enric and Spanish Enrique (whence Basque Endika) and Italian Enzo.

A separate variant, which may originate with the Old High German name Haimirich, but possibly conflated with the names Ermenrich (first element ermen "whole") or Amalric (first element amal "vigour, bravery") is Emmerich. Emmerich is the origin of a separate suit of variant names used across Western and Central Europe, although these never rose to the ubiquity of the variants of Henry; they include English Emery Amery, Emory, French Émeric, Hungarian Imre, Imrus, Slovak Imrich, Italian Amerigo and Iberian (Portuguese, Spanish, Galician) Américo, etc.

Feminine variants

Several variants of Heinrich have given name to derived feminine given names; Low German Henrik, Hendrik gave rise to Henrike, Hendrike, Hendrikje, Hendrina, Henrika etc. Low German Heiko to Heike Italian Enrico gave rise to Enrica ( Enrika, Enriqua) Spanish Enrique to Enriqueta, Enriquetta, Enriquette. French Henri gave rise to Henriette, Henrietta, further modified to Enrieta, Enrietta English Harry to Harriet, Harriett, Harrietta, Harriette, hypocorisms Hattie, Hatty, Hettie, Etta, Ettie; various other hypocorisms include Hena, Henna, Henah, Heni, Henia, Henny, Henya, Henka, Dutch Jet, Jett, Jetta, Jette, Ina; Polish Henryka, Henia, Heniusia, Henka, Henryczka, Henrysia, Rysia. The hypocorisms Rika, Rike (etc.) may be from this or other names with the second element -ric. Spanish and Portuguese América from the Emmerich variant Amérigo .

Surnames

Harrison (surname), Henson (surname), Harris (surname), Heaney (Irish surname), Fitzhenry (Irish Hiberno-Norman surname), Heinz (German surname), Enríquez (Spanish surname), Henriques (Portuguese surname), Hendrick, Hendricks, Hinrichs, Hendrickx, Hendriks, Hendrikx, Hendrix, Hendryx.

People with the given name

Medieval
Royalty
  • Henry the Fowler (876–936), first German King
  • Henry I the Bearded (ca. 1165/70 – 19 March 1238), High Duke of Poland
  • Henry VII (died 1313), Holy Roman Emperor
  • Henry II the Pious, Duke of Silesia at Wrocław and Duke of Kraków, High Duke of all Poland and Duke of Southern Greater Poland
Nobility
  • Henry de Audley (1175–1246), English baron
  • Henry de Bohun, medieval knight killed by King Robert I of Scotland
  • Henry Dandolo (1107-1205), 41st Doge of Venice, one of the principal commanders of Fourth Crusade, Sack of Constantinople and Byzantine–Venetian war of 1171
Religious figures
  • Henry, Bishop of Uppsala (died 1150), Bishop of Uppsala and martyr in Finland
  • Henry of Coquet (died 1127), a hermit Dane and Catholic saint who lived on the island of Coquet, off Northumberland, England
  • Henry of Livonia (born 1180), Catholic priest, author of Chronicle of Henry of Livonia one of the earliest histories of the Eastern Baltic
Explorers
  • Henry the Navigator (1394–1460), responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with other continents

Early modern
Royalty
Nobility
  • Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst (1762-1834)
  • Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester
  • Henry Hardinge, 1st Viscount Hardinge (1785-1856), British Army officer and politician
  • Henry Mordaunt, 2nd Earl of Peterborough
  • Henry Carey, 1st Baron Hunsdon (1526-1596)
  • Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton (1573-1624)
  • Henry Brooke, 11th Baron Cobham
  • Henry de Nassau, Lord Overkirk, Dutch nobleman and military general
Politicians
  • Henry Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth (1757-1844), British statesman who served as Prime Minister of United Kingdom, one of the principal commanders of French Revolutionary Wars
  • Henry Bathurst, 3rd Earl Bathurst, British Politician and Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
  • Henry Clay (1777–1852), American/Kentucky statesman, a presidential candidate, compromiser, pacifier, War Hawk and founder of the Whig Party
  • Henry Goulburn (1784–1856), British Conservative statesman and a member of the Peelite faction after 1846
  • Henry Morgan (1635-1688), Welsh pirate, privateer, landowner, slaveholder and Lieutnant Governor of Jamaica
  • Henry Pelham, British Whig statesman, who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain from 1743 until his death, one of the principal commanders of War of the Austrian Succession and War of Jenkins' Ear
  • Henry Phipps, 1st Earl of Mulgrave, British Politician and Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Military leaders
  • Henry Bagenal (c.1556-1598), marshal of the Royal Irish Army, one of the principal commanders of Irish Nine Years' War and Battle of the Yellow Ford
  • Henry Docwra, 1st Baron Docwra of Culmore, English-born soldier and statesman in early seventeenth-century Ireland, founder of the city of Derry, one of the principal commanders of Irish Nine Years' War
  • Henry Every (born c. 1653), British pirate who made one of the richest plunders in sea history and then retired and vanished
  • Henry Hawley, British army officer who served in the wars of the first half of the 18th century, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Falkirk Muir and Jacobite rising of 1745
Other
  • Henry Purcell (1659–95), English composer
  • Henry Compton, Bishop of London during the Glorious Revolution
  • Henry More, English philosopher of the Cambridge Platonist school
  • Henry Roxby Beverley (1790–1863), English actor
  • Henry Parker Sartwell (1792–1867), American botanist
  • Henry Oldenburg, German theologian known as a diplomat, a natural philosopher and as the creator of scientific peer review, one of the foremost intelligencers of Europe of the seventeenth century

Modern
Royalty
  • Prince Harry (born 1984; formally Prince Henry, Duke of Sussex), British prince and military officer
Presidents and Prime Ministers
Wartime figures and military leaders
  • Henry Chauvel, senior officer of the Australian Imperial Force who fought at Gallipoli and during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War
  • Henry Crerar, senior officer of the Canadian Army who became the country's "leading field commander" in World War II, where he commanded the First Canadian Army, one of the principal commanders of Battle of the Scheldt
  • Henry Gurney, British colonial administrator who served in various posts throughout the British Empire, one of the principal commanders of Malayan Emergency
  • Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne (1861-1929), military officer in the British army during World War I
  • Henry Jackson, Royal Navy officer, one of the principal commanders of U-boat Campaign (World War I)
  • Henry Kissinger (born 1923), German-born American politician, one of the principal commanders of Vietnam War
  • Henry Louis Larsen (1890–1962), United States Marine Corps general; Governor of American Samoa and Governor of Guam
  • Henry Lukin, South African military commander
  • Henry Rawlinson, 1st Baron Rawlinson (1864-1925), British World War 1 general who commanded the Fourth Army of the British Expeditionary Force at the battles of the Somme and Amiens as well as the breaking of the Hindenburg Line
  • Henry Jenner Scobell, British military leader who served as the last officer in command of Cape Colony before the formation of the Union of South Africa, one of the principal commanders of Battle of Groenkloof
  • Henry Tandey, English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the most highly decorated British private of the First World War and soldier who supposedly spared Adolf Hitler's life during the first world war
  • Henry Hugh Tudor, British soldier who fought as a junior officer in the Second Boer War and as a senior officer in the First World War, one of the principal commanders of Irish War of Independence
  • Sir Henry Wells, senior officer in the Australian Army, Chief of the General Staff from 1954 to 1958, one of the principal commanders of Malayan Emergency
  • Henry Tingle Wilde (1872-1912), chief officer of the RMS Titanic
  • Henry Williams, leader of the Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission in New Zealand in the first half of the 19th century and during Flagstaff War
  • Sir Henry Wilson, 1st Baronet (1864-1922), one of the most senior British Army staff officers of the First World War, briefly an Irish unionist politician
Movie Industry
  • Henry Cavill (born 1983), British actor
  • Henry Czerny, Canadian film, stage and television actor
  • Henry Fonda (1905–1982), American actor
  • Henry Golding (born 1987), British Malaysian actor
  • Henry Hathaway (1898–1985), American film director
  • Henry King, American actor and film director
  • Henry Selick (born 1952), American stop-motion film director
  • Henry Winkler (born 1945), American actor and producer
Musicians
  • Henry Lau (born 1989), Chinese singer, dancer and violinist in the Chinese boy band Super Junior-M
  • Henry Mancini (1924–94), American composer
  • Henry Rollins (born 1961), American singer
Scientists
  • W. Henry Bragg, British physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman
  • Henry Fox Talbot (1800-1877), English scientist, inventor and photography pioneer
Businessmen
  • Henry Bizot (1901-1990), French banker, first chairman of Banque Nationale de Paris
  • Henry Flagler (1830–1913), American tycoon, real estate promoter, railroad developer, known as the father of Miami, Florida
  • Henry Ford (1863–1947), American industrialist, father of the modern assembly line, Ford Motor Company and 161 patents
  • Henry J. Heinz, German enterpreteur and founder of Heinz Ketchup company
  • H. F. S. Morgan (1881-1959), English sports car manufacturer and founder and chairman of the Morgan Motor Company
Explorers
Literary figures
Criminals
  • Henry Lee Lucas, American serial killer
Politicians
  • Henry Francis Bryan (1865–1944), 17th Governor of American Samoa
  • Henry Bethard (1924-2018), American lawyer and former state legislator
  • James Henry Hammond (1807-1864), 60th governor of South Carolina
  • Henry Harcourt (1873–1933), British politician
  • Henry McMaster (born 1947), American politician
  • Henry Pelham-Clinton, 5th Duke of Newcastle, British politician and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
  • Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, British statesman who served successively as the fifth Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
  • Henry Bertram Price, Governor of Guam
  • Henry A. Wallace, American politician, journalist, and farmer who served as the 11th U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, the 33rd vice president of the United States, and the 10th U.S. secretary of commerce
Artists
  • Henry Ward Ranger (1858–1916), American artist
  • John Henry Lorimer, Scottish painter
  • Henry Moore (1898-1986), English sculptor and artist
  • Henry Orth (1866–1946), American architect
  • Henry Parayre (1879-1970), French sculptor
  • Henry Richardson (born 1961), American sculptor
Sportsmen
  • Henry "Hank" Aaron (born 1934), American baseball player
  • Henry Bibby (born 1949), American basketball player
  • Henry Cárdenas (born 1965), Colombian road cyclist
  • Henry Cejudo (born 1987), American mixed martial artist and UFC Flyweight Champion
  • Henry Collins (boxer) (born 1977), Australian boxer
  • Henry Cooper (boxer) (1934–2011), British boxer, British, European and Commonwealth heavyweight champion in 1970
  • Henry Duhamel (1853–1917), French mountaineer, author and skiing pioneer
  • Henry Louis Gehrig (Lou Gehrig) (1903-1941), American All-Star professional baseball player, nicknamed, "The Iron Horse."
  • Hank Greenberg (1911–1986), American Hall of Fame baseball player
  • Henry Hynoski (born 1988), American football player
  • Henry Hynoski, Sr. (born 1953), American football player
  • Henry Marsh (athlete) (born 1954), American long-distance runner
  • Henry Maske (born 1964), German boxer
  • Henry Menzies (1867–1938), Scottish rugby union player
  • Henry Obst (1906–1975), American football player
  • Henry Orth (American football) (1897–1980), American football player
  • Henry Prusoff (1912– 1943), American top 10 tennis player
  • Henry Schichtle (born 1941), American football player
  • Henry Speight (born 1988), Australian rugby union player
  • Henry Surtees (1991–2009), British racing driver
  • Henry Sugut (born 1985), Kenyan long-distance runner
Others
  • Henry Allingham (1896–2009), briefly world's oldest man
  • Henry Adams Bellows, newspaper editor and radio executive
  • Henry Kelly (born 1946), Irish television presenter and radio DJ
  • Henry Goddard Leach (1880-1970), American Scandinavian studies scholar
  • Henry Mayhew, English social researcher, journalist, playwright and advocate of reform

Fictional characters
  • Henry, a green lizard character from the 1996 animated TV series Amazing Animals
  • Henry Branwell, a character from The Infernal Devices, part of The Shadowhunter Chronicles by Cassandra Clare
  • Henery Hawk, Warner Bros. Looney Tunes character
  • Henry and Orville, the second pair of ghosts that Luigi encounters in Luigi's Mansion, and, since counted as one ghost, they are the 14th ghost Luigi encounters
  • Henry, a character from the television show KaBlam!
  • Henry, a character from the animated series Oswald
  • Henry, a persona or character from John Berryman's The Dream Songs
  • Henry, a playable dark mage in the 2012 game Fire Emblem Awakening
  • Henry, the main protagonist in the game Bendy and the Ink Machine
  • Henry, the main protagonist of the 2015 film Hardcore Henry
  • Henry, a character from the 2008 video game No More Heroes
  • Henry the Octopus, a character from The Wiggles
  • Henry (comic), a comic character that began in 1932
  • Henry the Green Engine, a steam locomotive from The Railway Series of books by Reverend W. Awdry
  • Henry I, another character from the TV series Once Upon a Time
  • Uncle Henry, character from the Oz books by L. Frank Baum
  • Horrid Henry, fictional character from the eponymous children's comedy TV show
  • Henry Baker, a character from the 2003 film Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel
  • Henry Bennett, the main character in American author Mark Twain's 1889 novel titled A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court.
  • Lt. Col. Henry Braymore Blake, a character in the M*A*S*H novels, the film and the television series
  • Henry Bowers, a character from Stephen King's novel It
  • Henry Clerval from Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
  • Henry Crabbe, main character of the series Pie in the Sky
  • Henry Deacon, fictional character from the TV series Eureka
  • Henry, a character and owner of Freddy Fazbears Pizzeria in Five Nights at Freddy's horror game franchise
  • Henry Forman, a character from Marvin Marvin
  • Henry Gupta, character from the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies
  • Henry Hart, a character from Henry Danger
  • Henry Higgins, a major character in George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion and also in the musical adaptation My Fair Lady
  • Henry Huggins, a character created by Beverly Cleary
  • Henry Hugglemonster, a character from Henry Hugglemonster
  • Henry Jekyll, title character in the Robert Louis Stevenson novel The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
  • Henry/Hank Jennings, a character from the TV series Twin Peaks
  • Dr. Henry Walton Jones, Jr. (Indiana Jones), the title character and the protagonist of the Indiana Jones franchise
  • Henry Keddys, minor character in Chris Lilley's mockumentary series Angry Boys
  • Henry "Hank" MacDougall (played by Fred Willard), the pious father-in-law of Robert Barone, from the sitcom Everybody Loves Raymond.
  • Dr. Henry McCord from the TV series Madam Secretary
  • Henry Mills, a primary character from the TV series Once Upon a Time
  • Henry "Hank" Moody, character and the protagonist of the Showtime television series Californication
  • Henry F. Potter the main villain from It's a Wonderful Life
  • Henry Pym (aka Ant Man, Giant Man, Goliath, and Yellowjacket), fictional character in the Marvel Universe
  • Henry Rearden, steelmaker from the Ayn Rand book Atlas Shrugged
  • Henry Townshend, the main protagonist in the game Silent Hill 4
  • Henry J. Waternoose III, a crablike monster and the company president character from the 2001 Disney/Pixar animated film Monsters, Inc.
  • Lord Henry Wotton from The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde is referred to as "Harry".
  • Henry "Hank" Zipzer, from the TV series Hank Zipzer
  • Henry Legolant, a character from the anime Black Clover.

Other uses
  • Military Order of St. Henry

Notes
  1. "Historische woordenboeken op internet (gtb.inl.nl)".
  2. Van Den Reinaerde, Jacob Wijbrand Muller. P122 appendix. 'Ermerijc'.
  3. The contribution of Haimirich, Haimrich is more significant than that of the (rarer) Haginrich, Hainrich: "In formen wie Hainrich u. s. w. fliessen die beiden namen Haimirich und Gaganrich anz in einander hinüber. Doch ist die erstere die hauptquelle unseres namens Heinrich. Von den beiden alten erklärungen desselben, = Hainreich und = daheim reich, kommt daher die zweite der wahrheit näher als die erste." E. Förstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch (1856), 593, cf "Heinrich", nordicnames.de.
  4. The spelling Heinrich dates to the 11th century, alongside numerous variants (Heimirich, Heimarih, Heimeric, Haimrich, Heimrich, Heimrih, Hemerich, Hemric, Hemrich, Hemmerich, Aimirich, Heinrich Hinrich, Henric, Henrih, Ainrich, Enerich, Enrich etc.) E. Förstemann, Altdeutsches Namenbuch (1856), 591
  5. Campbell, Mike. "Henry". Behind the Name. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
  6. Campbell, Mike. "Harry". Behind the Name. Retrieved 2013-10-11.
  7. "Names related to Henri". Behind the Name.
  8. from an Old Norse *Heinrekr nordicnames.de
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