Eckankar

Eckankar is a religion founded by Paul Twitchell in 1965. It is a non-profit religious group with members in over one hundred countries. The spiritual home is the Temple of Eck in Chanhassen, Minnesota. Eckankar is not affiliated with any other religious group.

Eckankar
The Eckankar "EK" symbol
TypeDharma influenced New religious movement
ScriptureMain: Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad
Minor: Autobiography of a Modern Prophet etc.[1][2]
The Mahanta, the Living ECK MasterHarold Klemp
RegionMostly worldwide
HeadquartersTemple of ECK, Chanhassen, Minnesota
FounderPaul Twitchell
Origin1965
San Diego, California[3]
Centres367+ (Late 1990s)[4]
Members50,000-500,000[5]
Official websitewww.eckankar.org
The Temple of Eck in Chanhassen, Minnesota, U.S.

The movement teaches simple spiritual exercises, such as singing "Hu", called "a love song to God", to experience the Light and Sound of God and recognize the presence of the Holy Spirit.[6][7][8]

Etymology

The word Eckankar is a transliteration of the phrase Ik Onkar, which is used in Sikhism.[9] According to the Eckankar glossary, the term Eckankar means Co-Worker with God.[10] ECK is another word for the Holy Spirit, also known as the Audible Life Current, Life Force, or Light and Sound of God.[11]:55

Eckankar's headquarters were originally in Las Vegas, Nevada. Under the leadership of Darwin Gross, the organization was moved to Menlo Park, California in 1975. In 1986, Harold Klemp moved the base of operations to Minneapolis, Minnesota.[12]

The leader of Eckankar is known as 'the Living ECK Master'. Some leaders, Twitchell and Klemp, for example, also hold the title "Mahanta" which refers to the inner aspect of the teacher.[13][14] The leader functions as both an inner and outer guide for each member's individual spiritual progress. Twitchell (spiritual name: Peddar Zaskq) was the movement's spiritual leader until his death in late 1971. Gross (spiritual name: Dap Ren) succeeded him until October 22, 1981, when Klemp (spiritual name: Wah Z, pronounced Wah Zee) became the spiritual leader.

Harold Klemp attended a Lutheran preministerial high school and college. He later pursued private study into different paths such as the Rosicrucians and Edgar Cayce. The extent of the influence of these teachings on Klemp is difficult to determine.[Ref: Miller][15]

Some scholars believe that Eckankar draws in part from the Sikh and Hindu religions,[16] and the Sant Mat movement.[17] Others find significant differences between Sant Mat teachings and Eckankar.[18]

Beliefs

One of the basic tenets is that Soul (the true self) may be experienced separate from the physical body and in full consciousness travel freely in other planes of reality. Eckankar emphasizes personal spiritual experiences as the most natural way back to God.[19] These are attained via Soul Travel shifting the awareness from the body to the inner planes of existence.[11]:187

Certain mantras or chants are used to facilitate spiritual growth. One important spiritual exercise of Eckankar is the singing or chanting of Hu, and is viewed in Eckankar as a "love song to God". It is pronounced like the English word "hue" (or "hyoo") in a long, drawn-out breath and is sung for about half an hour. ECKists sing it alone or in groups.[11]:59 ECKists believe that singing Hu draws one closer in state of consciousness to the Divine Being and that it can expand awareness, help one experience divine love, heal broken hearts, offer solace in times of grief, and bring peace and calm.[20] ECKists believe this practice allows the student to step back from the overwhelming input of the physical senses and emotions and regain Soul's spiritually higher viewpoint.[11]:59

Dreams are regarded as important teaching tools, and members often keep dream journals to facilitate study.[21] According to followers of Eckankar, dream travel often serves as the gateway to Soul Travel[22] or the shifting of one's consciousness to ever-higher states of being.

Eckankar teaches that "spiritual liberation" in one's lifetime is available to all and that it is possible to achieve Self-Realization (the realization of oneself as Soul) and God-Realization (the realization of oneself as a spark of God) in one's lifetime. The membership card for Eckankar states: "The aim and purpose of Eckankar has always been to take Soul by Its own path back to Its divine source."

The final spiritual goal of all ECKists is to become conscious "Co-workers" with God.[11]:59[23]

The Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, which means "Way of the Eternal", is the holy scripture of Eckankar.[24] It comprises two books that tell of spiritual meaning and purpose as written by the Mahanta.[11]:59 There are also a series of Satsang writings, that are available with yearly membership in Eckankar. There are Satsang classes available to study discourses with others, as well as individually.[11]:177

Some of the key beliefs taught in the Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad include Soul Travel, karma, reincarnation, love, Light and Sound, and many other spiritual topics. ECKists believe Sugmad is the endless source from which all forms were created, and that the ECK, the Sound Current, flows out of Sugmad and into lower dimensions.[11]:59, 187, 194

Primary to the teaching is the belief that one may experience the perspective of soul beyond the limits of the body. Also, the concepts of karma and reincarnation help to explain situations in life as the playing out of past causes.[11]:186–187

The beliefs that individuals are responsible for their own destiny and that their decisions determine their future are important concepts to Eckankar. Eckankar students meet in open public services and classes to discuss personal experiences, topics, books and discourses.[11]:59

Worship

Eckankar emphasizes personal spiritual experiences as the most natural way back to God. These are attained via the Spiritual Exercises of ECK. Eckankar offers a Spiritual Exercise of the Week[25] on its website.

An ECK Light and Sound service generally includes a HU Song and contemplation, a talk or panel discussion from members of the Eckankar Clergy, and often includes creative arts and group discussion. Eckankar hosts a Worldwide Seminar in October and a Springtime Seminar every year. Eckankar also hosts annual seminars in countries around the world. ECK seminars include speakers, creative arts, workshops, discussion groups and other activities.[26]

Current status

The Eckankar "EK" symbol appears on the list of Available Emblems of Belief for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs.[27] Sources estimate that there were around 50,000 followers in the 1990s.[28]

‌Iran

In February 2018, Iranian agencies reported the execution of Karim Zargar, an Eckankar member, for "corruption on earth" and forced rape.[29] Zargar was a lawyer, actor, and former IRIB broadcast executive who was hanged at Rajai Shahr Prison. Marjan Davari, Mr. Zargar's former spouse, was also imprisoned and sentenced to death for being a member of Eckankar.[30][31][32] Ms. Davari's family has stated in the media and online that she is merely a researcher and a translator and is not a follower of Eckankar.[33][34]

Ceremonies and rites

There are few personal requirements to be an ECKist; however, certain spiritual practices are recommended. Chief among these is daily practice of the "Spiritual Exercises of ECK" for 15–20 minutes.[11]:189 The most basic ECK spiritual exercise is singing the word Hu. A wide variety of spiritual exercises are offered, and members are encouraged to create their own. There are no dietary requirements, taboos, or enforced ascetic practices. Eckankar does not require potential members to leave their current faith to join.

There are a number of ceremonies an ECKist can experience as part of the teaching, including a Consecration ceremony for initiating the young and infants, a Rite of Passage into adulthood (around age 13), a Wedding ceremony, and a Memorial service.[11]:186

September 17 is celebrated as Founder's Day in honor of the modern-day founder of Eckankar, Paul Twitchell. October 22 is celebrated as the spiritual new year.[35][36]

ECK Masters

ECKists believe contact with Divine Spirit, which they call the ECK, can be made via the spiritual exercises of ECK and the guidance of the living ECK Master. It is held that the ECK Masters are here to serve all life irrespective of religious belief. The main Eckankar website includes a list of Masters.[37]

Criticism

In Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America, David C. Lane writes:

This lineage, known as the Vairagi masters in Eckankar, allegedly traces its genealogy back through some 970 Living Eck Masters to Rama, an avatar of Vishnu in Hinduism. In other versions, the teachings go even further back to Gakko, a spiritual essence that traveled from the city of Retz on the planet Venus to Earth six million years ago...In addition, Sudar Singh and Rebazar Tarzs are not genuine historical personages but literary inventions developed by Twitchell to conceal his past associations.[38]

See also
  • Ancient Teachings of the Masters
  • Contemporary Sant Mat movement
  • Gopal Das (disambiguation)
  • Ik Onkar
  • Mahanta (disambiguation)
  • Marjan Davari
  • Satsang
  • Vairag
  • Vairagya
  • Vairagya Shatakam

References
  1. "Books". Online Bookstore. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  2. "Eckankar sacred texts". ReligionFacts. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  3. "Search for "paul twitchell" "SoulTravel"". Chula Vista Star-News. 7 November 1965. p. 2. Retrieved 16 March 2018 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. "History of Eckankar". ReligionFacts. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  5. "Eckankar". ReligionFacts. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  6. "HU: A Love Song to God", Eckankar website, last modified 16 Jan. 2016. Retrieved 30 Jan. 2016.
  7. "This sound develops through ten different aspects ... until it finally becomes Hu, the most sacred of all sounds. This sound Hu is the beginning and end of all sounds ... the echo of bells or gongs gives a typical illustration of the sound Hu. The Supreme Being has been called by various names in different languages, but the mystics have known him as Hu, the natural name, not man-made, the only name of the nameless which all nature constantly proclaims. The sound Hu is most sacred; the mystics of all ages called it Ismi-Azam, the name of the most High, for it is the origin and end of every sound as well as the background of each word. The word Hu is the spirit of all sounds ... This alone is the true name of God, a name that no people and no religion can claim as their own. ... All things and beings exclaim this name of the Lord, for every activity of life expresses distinctly or indistinctly this very sound. ... The mystery of Hu is revealed to the Sufi who journeys through the path of initiation." –Inayat Khan, The Mysticism of Sound / Abstract Sound.
  8. Hu
  9. "In the literature of the Saints, God is expressed by many words, such as Swami, Ekankar, Nirankar, Radhaswami, Akal, Nirala, Anami, Agam, Alakh, Sat Purush, Prabhu, Prabhswami, Hari Ray, Akshar, Parameshwar, Akshar Purush, etc. ... Ekankar means the “One oneness,” the body of oneness. ... The whole universe is considered as one, the true Ekankar." —Julian Johnson, The Path of the Masters, 1985 pagination, pages 221–222.
  10. "A Glossary of Eckankar Terms". www.eckankar.com. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  11. Klemp, Harold. A Cosmic Sea of Words, The ECKANKAR Lexicon. Minneapolis: Eckankar, 2009. ISBN 978-1-57043-286-6
  12. "'Soul Travelers' Move", San Jose Mercury News, 24 August 1986.
  13. Etymology
  14. Mahanta (disambiguation)
  15. Timothy Miller (1995). America's Alternative Religions. Albany, NY: State University of New York. p. 366. “He gradually became disillusioned with the theology he was being taught, especially the exclusivity of Christian truth as the only way to heaven. He also began having mystical experiences while in high school and ministerial training….For a time after leaving ministerial training, he ‘dabbled’ in Edgar Cayce and Rosicrucianism. The extent of the influence these esoteric teachings had on Klemp is difficult to determine.”
  16. George D. Chryssides (2001). The A to Z of New Religious Movements. Oxford, UK: Scarecrow Press. p. 298. Eminating from the Radhosoami Satsang (q.v.) background, which is a synthesis of Hinduism and Sikhism (qq.v.), Eckankar teaches a form of surat sabda yoga...
  17. Melton, J. Gordon (2003). Encyclopedia of American Religions (Seventh edition). Farmington Hills, Michigan: The Gale Group, Inc. ISBN 0-7876-6384-0. p. 1056.
  18. 17. Ibid. ^Melton, J. Gordon, Encyclopedia of American Religions (Seventh Edition). (q.v.) “ECKANKAR is distinguished from the Sant Mat tradition in significant ways. ECKANKAR, for example, teaches that the ultimate state for each individual is that of a co-worker with God, not oneness with God; inner techniques are more active spiritual exercises than yogic practices; and Eastern austerities (vegetarianism, extended meditation) are not espoused. Twitchell also presented a different vocabulary than that of Sant Mat teachings.”
  19. Eckankar: Spiritual Exercise of the Week. eckankar.org
  20. HU. eckankar.org
  21. Dreams: A Source of Inner Truth. eckankar.org
  22. Soul Travel. eckankar.org
  23. Shariyat-Ki-Sugmad, Books One and Two, 65
  24. Klemp, Harold, 1998, Cosmic Sea of Words: The Eckankar Lexicon. Eckankar, Minneapolis.
  25. Spiritual Exercise of the Week. eckankar.org
  26. Seminars. eckankar.org
  27. Administration, National Cemetery. "Available Emblems of Belief for Placement on Government Headstones and Markers - National Cemetery Administration". www.cem.va.gov. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  28. "Eckankar". Religion Facts. Archived from the original on 2015-05-21. The Eckankar articles in the Encyclopedia Britannica and the Encyclopedia of American Religions (both by J. Gordon Melton) estimated total membership at 50,000 in the late 1990s.
  29. "Karim Zargar: One Person's Story". Abdorrahman Boroumand Center. Retrieved 2020-02-08.
  30. user4. "Iran Executions: Karim Zargar, the Head of a Spiritual Institution, Was Hanged". www.insideofiran.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  31. "Karim Zargar Holder of Ph.D. from Strasburg University hanged in Iran". Iran HRM. 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  32. "Translator in Prison for One Year Without Knowing Charges; Her Lawyer Denied Access to Case File – Center for Human Rights in Iran". www.iranhumanrights.org. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  33. "Masih Alinejad". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 16 March 2018.
  34. "Amnesty International : Stop Execution of Marjan Davari #FreeMarjan". Change.org. Retrieved 2017-04-16.
  35. Len Woods (2008). Handbook of World Religions. Barbour Publishing, Ohio. p. 73.
  36. "About Eckankar: An Overview of Eckankar and its Teachings (PDF)" (PDF). 2003.
  37. Official Eckankar Masters List. eckankar.org
  38. Lane, David Christopher (2006). Eckankar in Introduction to New and Alternative Religions in America (ed Eugene V. Gallagher and W. Michael Ashcraft)Volume 3: Metaphysical, New Age, and Neopagan Movements. Greeenwood Press. p. 115.

Further reading
  • Dogra, Ramesh Chander & Gobind Singh Mansukhani, Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture, Vikas, 1995. ISBN 978-0706994995.
  • Ellwood, Robert S. and Partin, Harry B. (1988), Religious and Spiritual Groups in Modern America, Second Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
  • Lane, David Christopher, The Making of a Spiritual Movement: The Untold Story of Paul Twitchell and Eckankar, Del Mar, California: Del Mar Press, 1990. ISBN 0-9611124-0-9
  • Marman, Doug (2007) The Whole Truth: The Spiritual Legacy of Paul Twitchell, Ridgefield, Washington: Spiritual Dialogues Project. ISBN 978-0-9793260-0-4
  • Woods, Len, (2008), Handbook of World Religions, Barbour Publishing, Ohio.
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