71st Academy Awards

71st Academy Awards
	Official poster
Date	March 21, 1999
Site	Dorothy Chandler Pavilion ; Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Hosted by	Whoopi Goldberg
Preshow hosts	Geena Davis; Jim Moret[1]
Produced by	Gil Cates
Directed by	Louis J. Horvitz
Highlights
Best Picture	Shakespeare in Love
Most awards	Shakespeare in Love (7)
Most nominations	Shakespeare in Love (13)
TV in the United States
Network	ABC
Duration	4 hours, 2 minutes[2]
Ratings	45.51 million ; 28.63% (Nielsen ratings)

The 71st Academy Awards ceremony, organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS), honored the best of 1998 in film and took place on March 21, 1999, at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST. During the ceremony, AMPAS presented Academy Awards (commonly referred to as Oscars) in 24 categories. The ceremony, televised in the United States by ABC, was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz.[3][4] Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the third time.[5] She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 68th ceremony in 1996.[6] Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills, California on February 27, the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Anne Heche.[7]

Shakespeare in Love won seven awards including Best Picture.[8] Other winners included Saving Private Ryan with five awards, Life Is Beautiful with three, and Affliction, Bunny, Election Night, Elizabeth, Gods and Monsters, The Last Days, The Personals, The Prince of Egypt and What Dreams May Come with one. The telecast garnered nearly 46 million viewers in the United States.

Winners and nominees

The nominees for the 71st Academy Awards were announced on February 9, 1999, at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, by Robert Rehme, president of the Academy, and the actor Kevin Spacey.[9] Shakespeare in Love earned the most nominations with thirteen; Saving Private Ryan came in second place with eleven.[10]

The winners were announced during the awards ceremony on March 21, 1999.[11] Life Is Beautiful was the second film nominated simultaneously for Best Picture and Best Foreign Language Film in the same year (the first being Z in 1969).[12] Moreover, its seven nominations were the most for a foreign language film, to date.[13] Best Actor winner Roberto Benigni was the second person to direct himself to an acting Oscar win. Laurence Olivier first achieved this feat for his performance in 1948's Hamlet.[14] He also became the fourth individual to earn acting, directing, screenwriting nominations for the same film.[15] In addition, Benigni was the third performer to win an Oscar for a non-English speaking role.[16] By virtue of their nominations for portraying Queen Elizabeth I of England, Best Actress nominee Cate Blanchett and Best Supporting Actress winner Judi Dench became the first pair of actresses to earn acting nominations in the same year for portraying the same character in different films.[17]

Awards

Edward Zwick, Best Picture co-winner

Steven Spielberg, Best Director winner

Roberto Benigni, Best Actor and Best Foreign Language Film winner

Gwyneth Paltrow, Best Actress winner

James Coburn, Best Supporting Actor winner

Judi Dench, Best Supporting Actress winner

Tom Stoppard, Best Original Screenplay co-winner

Anders Thomas Jensen, Best Live Action Short Film co-winner

Chris Wedge, Best Animated Short Film winner

Janusz Kamiński, Best Cinematography winner

Sandy Powell, Best Costume Design winner

Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[18]

Best Picture Shakespeare in Love – Donna Gigliotti, David Parfitt, Harvey Weinstein, Edward Zwick and Marc Norman, producers Elizabeth – Alison Owen, Eric Fellner and Tim Bevan, producers Life Is Beautiful – Elda Ferri and Gianluigi Braschi, producers Saving Private Ryan – Steven Spielberg, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon and Gary Levinsohn, producers The Thin Red Line – Robert Michael Geisler, Grant Hill and John Roberdeau, producers	Best Director Steven Spielberg – Saving Private Ryan Roberto Benigni – Life Is Beautiful John Madden – Shakespeare in Love Terrence Malick – The Thin Red Line Peter Weir – The Truman Show
Best Actor *Roberto Benigni – Life Is Beautiful* as Guido Orefice** Tom Hanks – Saving Private Ryan as Captain John Miller Ian McKellen – Gods and Monsters as James Whale Nick Nolte – Affliction as Wade Whitehouse Edward Norton – American History X as Derek Vinyard	Best Actress *Gwyneth Paltrow – Shakespeare in Love* as Viola De Lesseps** Cate Blanchett – Elizabeth as Queen Elizabeth I of England Fernanda Montenegro – Central Station as Isadora "Dora" Teixeira Meryl Streep – One True Thing as Kate Gulden Emily Watson – Hilary and Jackie as Jacqueline du Pré
Best Supporting Actor *James Coburn – Affliction* as Glen Whitehouse** Robert Duvall – A Civil Action as Jerome Facher Ed Harris – The Truman Show as Christof Geoffrey Rush – Shakespeare in Love as Philip Henslowe Billy Bob Thornton – A Simple Plan as Jacob Mitchell	Best Supporting Actress *Judi Dench – Shakespeare in Love* as Queen Elizabeth I of England** Kathy Bates – Primary Colors as Libby Holden Brenda Blethyn – Little Voice as Mari Hoff Rachel Griffiths – Hilary and Jackie as Hilary du Pré Lynn Redgrave – Gods and Monsters as Hanna
Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen Shakespeare in Love – Marc Norman and Tom Stoppard Bulworth – Warren Beatty and Jeremy Pikser Life Is Beautiful – Vincenzo Cerami and Roberto Benigni Saving Private Ryan – Robert Rodat The Truman Show – Andrew Niccol	Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published Gods and Monsters – Bill Condon based on the novel Father of Frankenstein by Christopher Bram Out of Sight – Scott Frank from the novel by Elmore Leonard Primary Colors – Elaine May adapted from the novel by Joe Klein A Simple Plan – Scott B. Smith based on his novel The Thin Red Line – Terrence Malick adapted from the novel by James Jones
Best Foreign Language Film Life Is Beautiful (Italy) in Italian – Roberto Benigni Central Station (Brazil) in Portuguese – Walter Salles Children of Heaven (Iran) in Persian – Majid Majidi The Grandfather (Spain) in Spanish – José Luis Garci Tango (Argentina) in Spanish – Carlos Saura	Best Original Song *"When You Believe" from The Prince of Egypt* – Music and Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz** "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" from Armageddon – Music and Lyrics by Diane Warren "That'll Do" from Babe: Pig in the City – Music and Lyrics by Randy Newman "A Soft Place to Fall" from The Horse Whisperer – Music and Lyrics by Allison Moorer and Gwil Owen "The Prayer" from Quest for Camelot – Music by Carole Bayer Sager and David Foster; Lyrics by Carole Bayer Sager, David Foster, Tony Renis and Alberto Testa
Best Documentary Feature The Last Days – James Moll and Ken Lipper Dancemaker – Matthew Diamond and Jerry Kupfer The Farm: Angola, USA – Jonathan Stack and Liz Garbus Lenny Bruce: Swear to Tell the Truth – Robert B. Weide Regret to Inform – Barbara Sonneborn and Janet Cole	Best Documentary Short Subject The Personals: Improvisations on Romance in the Golden Years – Keiko Ibi A Place in the Land – Charles Guggenheim Sunrise Over Tiananmen Square – Shui-Bo Wang and Donald McWilliams
Best Live Action Short Film Election Night – Kim Magnusson and Anders Thomas Jensen Culture – Will Speck and Josh Gordon Holiday Romance – Alexander Jovy and JJ Keith La Carte Postale – Vivian Goffette Victor – Simon Sandquist and Joel Bergvall	Best Animated Short Film Bunny – Chris Wedge The Canterbury Tales – Christopher Grace and Jonathan Myerson Jolly Roger – Mark Baker More – Mark Osborne and Steve Kalafer When Life Departs – Karsten Kiilerich and Stefan Fjeldmark
Best Original Dramatic Score Life Is Beautiful – Nicola Piovani Elizabeth – David Hirschfelder Pleasantville – Randy Newman Saving Private Ryan – John Williams The Thin Red Line – Hans Zimmer	Best Original Musical or Comedy Score Shakespeare in Love – Stephen Warbeck A Bug's Life – Randy Newman Mulan – Music by Matthew Wilder; Lyrics by David Zippel; Orchestral Score by Jerry Goldsmith Patch Adams – Marc Shaiman The Prince of Egypt – Music and Lyrics by Stephen Schwartz; Orchestral Score by Hans Zimmer
Best Sound Effects Editing Saving Private Ryan – Gary Rydstrom and Richard Hymns Armageddon – George Watters II The Mask of Zorro – David McMoyler	Best Sound Saving Private Ryan – Gary Rydstrom, Gary Summers, Andy Nelson and Ron Judkins Armageddon – Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell and Keith A. Wester The Mask of Zorro – Kevin O'Connell, Greg P. Russell and Pud Cusack Shakespeare in Love – Robin O'Donoghue, Dominic Lester and Peter Glossop The Thin Red Line – Andy Nelson, Anna Behlmer and Paul Brincat
Best Art Direction Shakespeare in Love – Art Direction: Martin Childs; Set Decoration: Jill Quertier Elizabeth – Art Direction: John Myhre; Set Decoration: Peter Howitt Pleasantville – Art Direction: Jeannine Oppewall; Set Decoration: Jay Hart Saving Private Ryan – Art Direction: Tom Sanders; Set Decoration: Lisa Dean Kavanaugh What Dreams May Come – Art Direction: Eugenio Zanetti; Set Decoration: Cindy Carr	Best Cinematography Saving Private Ryan – Janusz Kamiński A Civil Action – Conrad Hall Elizabeth – Remi Adefarasin Shakespeare in Love – Richard Greatrex The Thin Red Line – John Toll
Best Makeup Elizabeth – Jenny Shircore Saving Private Ryan – Lois Burwell, Conor O'Sullivan and Daniel C. Striepeke Shakespeare in Love – Lisa Westcott and Veronica Brebner	Best Costume Design Shakespeare in Love – Sandy Powell Beloved – Colleen Atwood Elizabeth – Alexandra Byrne Pleasantville – Judianna Makovsky Velvet Goldmine – Sandy Powell
Best Film Editing Saving Private Ryan – Michael Kahn Life Is Beautiful – Simona Paggi Out of Sight – Anne V. Coates Shakespeare in Love – David Gamble The Thin Red Line – Billy Weber, Leslie Jones and Saar Klein	Best Visual Effects What Dreams May Come – Joel Hynek, Nicholas Brooks, Stuart Robertson and Kevin Mack Armageddon – Richard R. Hoover, Pat McClung and John Frazier Mighty Joe Young – Rick Baker, Hoyt Yeatman, Allen Hall and Jim Mitchell

Academy Honorary Award

Elia Kazan[19]

Irving G. Thalberg Award

Norman Jewison[20]

Films with multiple nominations and awards

The following 19 films received multiple nominations:

Nominations	Film
13	Shakespeare in Love
11	Saving Private Ryan
7	Elizabeth
	Life Is Beautiful
	The Thin Red Line
4	Armageddon
3	Gods and Monsters
	Pleasantville
	The Truman Show
2	Affliction
	Central Station
	A Civil Action
	Hilary and Jackie
	The Mask of Zorro
	Out of Sight
	Primary Colors
	The Prince of Egypt
	A Simple Plan
	What Dreams May Come

The following three films received multiple awards:

Awards	Film
7	Shakespeare in Love
5	Saving Private Ryan
3	Life Is Beautiful

Presenters and performers

The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.[21][22]

Presenters

Name(s)	Role
Randi Thomas	Announcer for the 71st annual Academy Awards
Robert Rehme (AMPAS President)	Gave opening remarks welcoming guests to the awards ceremony
Kim Basinger	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor
Gwyneth Paltrow	Presenter of the award for Best Art Direction
Patrick Stewart	Presenter of the films Elizabeth and Shakespeare in Love on the Best Picture segment
Mike Myers	Presenter of the award for Best Makeup
Christina Ricci	Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "When You Believe"
Brendan Fraser	Presenter of the award for Best Live Action Short Film
Flik Heimlich	Presenters of the award for Best Animated Short Film
Robin Williams	Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress
Chris Rock	Presenter of the award for Best Sound Effects Editing
Liv Tyler	Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "I Don't Want to Miss a Thing"
Anjelica Huston	Presenter of the award for Best Sound
Tom Hanks	Introducer of presenter John Glenn
John Glenn	Presenter of the "Historical Figures in Cinema" montage
Sophia Loren	Presenter of the film Life Is Beautiful on the Best Picture segment and the award for Best Foreign Language Film
Andy García Andie MacDowell	Presenters of the award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score
Geena Davis	Introducer of the special dance number to the tune of the Best Original Dramatic Score nominees and presenter of the award for Best Original Dramatic Score
John Travolta	Presenter of the Frank Sinatra tribute montage
Anne Heche	Presenter of the segment of the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement and the Gordon E. Sawyer Award
Jim Carrey	Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing
Renée Zellweger	Introducer of the performance of the Best Song nominee "A Soft Place to Fall"
Nicolas Cage	Presenter of the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award to Norman Jewison
Liam Neeson	Presenter of the award for Best Visual Effects
Val Kilmer	Presenter of the Gene Autry and Roy Rogers tribute montage
Helen Hunt	Presenter of the award for Best Actor
Lisa Kudrow	Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "That'll Do"
Ben Affleck Matt Damon	Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Documentary Feature
Robert De Niro Martin Scorsese	Presenters of the Honorary Academy Award to Elia Kazan
Whoopi Goldberg	Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design
Catherine Zeta-Jones	Introducer of the performance of Best Song nominee "The Prayer"
Jennifer Lopez	Presenter of the award for Best Original Song
Annette Bening	Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute
Jack Valenti	Introducer of presenter Colin Powell
Colin Powell	Presenter of the films Saving Private Ryan and The Thin Red Line on the Best Picture segment
Uma Thurman	Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography
Jack Nicholson	Presenter of the award for Best Actress
Steven Spielberg	Presenter of the Stanley Kubrick tribute montage
Goldie Hawn Steve Martin	Presenters of the awards for Best Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen and Best Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published
Kevin Costner	Presenter of the award for Best Director
Harrison Ford	Presenter of the award for Best Picture

Performers

Name(s)	Role	Performed
Bill Conti	Musical arranger	Orchestral
Mariah Carey Whitney Houston	Performers	"When You Believe" from The Prince of Egypt
Aerosmith	Performers	"I Don't Want to Miss a Thing" from Armageddon
Joaquín Cortés Savion Glover Tai Jiminez Desmond Richardson Rasta Thomas[23]	Performers	Performed dance number synchronized with selections from Best Original Dramatic Score nominees
Allison Moorer	Performer	"A Soft Place to Fall" from The Horse Whisperer
Peter Gabriel Randy Newman	Performers	"That'll Do" from Babe: Pig in the City
Celine Dion Andrea Bocelli	Performers	"The Prayer" from Quest for Camelot

Ceremony information

Whoopi Goldberg hosted the 71st Academy Awards

Riding on the success of the previous year's ceremony which garnered record-high viewership figures and several Emmys, AMPAS sought changes to the festivities that would help build upon this recent success. In June 1998, Academy president Robert Rehme announced that the show would be held on a Sunday for the first time in history.[24] AMPAS and network ABC hoped to capitalize on the high television ratings and viewership that benefit programs airing on that particular day of the week.[25] The Academy also stated that the move to Sunday would ease concerns about traffic gridlock and transportation that are significantly lower on weekends.[26]

The following January, Gil Cates was selected as a producer of the telecast.[27] He immediately selected Oscar-winning actress Whoopi Goldberg as host of the 1999 ceremony.[28] Cates explained his decision to bring back Goldberg as host saying, "The audience adores Whoopi and that affection, plus Whoopi's extraordinary talent makes her a terrific host for the show."[29] In a statement, Goldberg expressed that she was honored and excited to be selected to emcee the telecast commenting, "I am thrilled to escort Oscar into the new millennium. Who would have thought that I would be hosting the last Oscar telecast of the century? It's a huge deal."[29]

Several other people participated in the production of the ceremony and its related events. Bill Conti served as musical director for the festivities.[30] In addition to supervising the Best Song nominee performances, choreographer Debbie Allen produced a dance number featuring five dancers from around the world showcasing the nominees for Best Original Dramatic Score.[31] For the first time, the Academy produced its own pre-show that preceded the main telecast. Produced by Dennis Doty, the half-hour program was hosted by actress Geena Davis and CNN reporter Jim Moret.[32] Similar to coverage of red carpet arrivals on networks such as E!, the pre-show featured interviews with nominees and other guests, recaps of nominations and segments highlighting behind-the-scenes preparations for the telecast.[33]

Box office performance of nominees

At the time of the nominations announcement on February 9, the combined gross of the five Best Picture nominees was $302 million with an average of $60.4 million per film.[34] Saving Private Ryan was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $194.2 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by Shakespeare in Love ($36.5 million), The Thin Red Line ($30.6 million), Elizabeth ($21.5 million), and finally Life is Beautiful ($18.4 million).[34]

Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 36 nominations went to 13 films on the list. Only Saving Private Ryan (2nd), The Truman Show (11th), A Civil Action (40th) and Primary Colors (50th) were nominated for Best Picture, directing, acting or screenwriting.[35] The other top 50 box office hits that earned nominations were Armageddon (1st), A Bug's Life (5th), Patch Adams (12th), Mulan (13th), The Mask of Zorro (17th), The Prince of Egypt (18th), The Horse Whisperer (24th), What Dreams May Come (37th) and Pleasantville (49th).[35]

Critical reviews

The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Columnist Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly quipped that "Whoopi bombed last night, she knew it—and yet, crassly, she took it as a sign of her own outrageousness."[36] The Washington Post television critic Tom Shales bemoaned that Goldberg "spent a great deal of time laughing at her own jokes, many of which were dirty, a few dirty." He also lambasted the host's presentation of the five Best Costume Design nominees saying calling it time-consuming and tasteless.[37] Film critic John Hartl of The Seattle Times lamented that the telecast "was the longest and possibly the dullest Oscar show of the century, clocking in at four hours."[38]

Other media outlets received the broadcast more positively. Television columnist Robert Bianco of USA Today commended Goldberg's hosting performance writing that he liked "the sharper, more socially conscious edge Goldberg brings."[39] The Boston Globe television critic Matthew Gilbert commented, "It was the perfect year with more than enough Hollywood intrigue and a battle for her to play off."[37] Joanne Ostrow of The Denver Post raved that "Whoopi definitely was on, more so than in her two previous hosting stints." She added that "the show was exceptionally smooth."[40]

Ratings and reception

The American telecast on ABC drew an average of 45.51 million viewers over its length, which was an 18% decrease from the previous year's ceremony.[41][42] An estimated 78.10 million total viewers watched all or part of the awards.[42] The show also drew lower Nielsen ratings compared to the previous ceremony with 28.63% of households watching over a 47.79 share.[43] It also drew a lower 18–49 demo rating with an 18.85 rating over a 37.31 share among viewers in that demographic.[44]

In July 1999, the show received seven nominations at the 51st Primetime Emmy Awards.[45] Two months later, the ceremony won two of those nominations for Outstanding Art Direction for a Variety or Music Program (Roy Christopher and Stephen Olson) and Outstanding Lighting Direction for a Drama Series, Variety Series, Miniseries, Movie, or Special (Robert Dickinson, Robert T. Barnhart, Andy O'Reilly, Matt Ford).[46]

In Memoriam

The annual In Memoriam tribute was presented by actress Annette Bening. The montage featured an excerpt of the main title from Ever After composed by George Fenton.[47]

Dane Clark - Character actor
Linwood G. Dunn – Special Effects
George W. Davis – Art Director
Dick O'Neill - Actor
Charles Lang – Cinematographer
Norman Fell - Actor
James Goldman – Screenwriter
Vincent Winter - Child actor
Freddie Young – Cinematographer
John P. Veitch – Executive
E. G. Marshall - Actor
Jeanette Nolan - Actress
Alan J. Pakula – Writer/Director/Producer
Jerome Robbins – Director/Cinematographer
Susan Strasberg - Actress

John Derek - Actor
John Addison – Composer
Jean Marais - Actor
Richard Kiley - Actor
Maureen O'Sullivan - Actress
Phil Hartman - Actor/comedian
Esther Rolle - Actress
Gene Raymond - Actor
Binnie Barnes - Actress
Valerie Hobson - Actress
Huntz Hall - Child actor
Akira Kurosawa – Director
Alice Faye - Actress/singer
Robert Young - Actor
Roddy McDowall - Actor

A separate tribute to actor, singer and former Oscar host Frank Sinatra was presented by John Travolta.[48] Later, actor Val Kilmer presented one to actors Gene Autry and Roy Rogers.[49] After the In Memoriam segment was shown, host Goldberg and director Steven Spielberg eulogized film critic Gene Siskel and director Stanley Kubrick respectively.[50][51]

References

"Geena Davis to Do Pre-Oscar Telecast". Chicago Tribune. January 12, 1999. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Richmond, Ray (March 21, 1999). "The 71st Annual Academy Awards". Variety. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
Bona 2002, p. 231
Bona 2002, p. 233
"Whoopi Goldberg to host Oscars". BBC News. January 13, 1999. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Wallace, Amy (January 13, 1999). "Whoopi Goldberg Gets Tapped to Host 71st Oscar Ceremony". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Graser, Marc (February 28, 1999). "Avid has fan in Oscar at Sci-tech ceremony". Variety. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Rosen, Steven (March 22, 1999). "'Love,' not war Best-picture Oscar goes to 'Shakespeare'". The Denver Post. p. A1.
Munoz, Lorena (February 10, 1999). "It's the Early Birds That Get to Squirm". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
Anthony, Todd (February 10, 1999). "71st Academy Awards". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.
"Oscar loves 'Shakespeare' Bard's film takes 7 Academy Awards; Benigni, Paltrow named best actors". San Antonio Express-News. March 22, 1999. p. 1D.
Bona 2002, p. 401
Bona 2002, p. 209
Osborne 2013, p. 423
Welkos, Robert W. (March 19, 1999). "Benigni Rising Has Hollywood Gushing". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
O'Neil, Tom (September 22, 2010). "Quiz: Who won Oscars for foreign-lingo roles?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.
Kinn & Piazza 2002, p. 299
"The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. AMPAS. Archived from the original on November 9, 2014. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
Goldstein, Patrick (January 15, 1999). "Film Director Elia Kazan to Receive Oscar, Forgiveness". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
Higgins, Bill (January 10, 1999). "Jewison will receive Thalberg memorial". Variety. Archived from the original on January 6, 2014. Retrieved January 6, 2014.
"The Scheduled Oscar Lineup". Los Angeles Times. March 20, 1999. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.
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Madigan, Nick (June 26, 1998). "Sunday officially Oscar's". Variety. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Welkos, Robert W. (March 13, 1999). "Cinema's Super Sunday". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Bona 2002, p. 213
Madigan, Nick (January 4, 1999). "Cates to produce Oscars". Variety. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Bona 2002, p. 214
"Whoopi! Goldberg to host Oscars". CNN. January 13, 1999. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
"Morning Report: Arts And Entertainment Reports From The Times, News Services And The Nations's Press". Los Angeles Times. January 23, 1999. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Pond 2005, p. 199
Shister, Gail (March 18, 1999). "CNN's Jim Moret Working Swing Shift On Oscar Night". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
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"1998 Academy Award Nominations and Winner for Best Picture". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
"1998 Domestic Grosses". Box Office Mojo. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Schawrzbaum, Lisa (March 22, 1999). "Vulgar disfavors". Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.
Bona 2002, p. 244
Hartl, John (March 22, 1999). "'Love' Conquers All–Oscar Gets Fickle In Night Of Close Calls And Upsets". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Bianco, Robert (March 22, 1999). "Show makes lead of Hollywood gold". USA Today. p. D1.
Ostrow, Joanne (March 22, 1999). "The African Queen trumps Billy Crystal". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Gorman, Bill (February 24, 2012). "With No Blockbusters Up For Best Picture, Expect 'Academy Awards' Viewership To Fall; Ratings History + Your Guess For This Year (Poll)". TV by the Numbers. Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
Lowry, Brian (March 23, 1999). "Oscars Draw Big Numbers, Though Not as Big as Hoped". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
Bierbaum, Tom (March 22, 1999). "Oscars don't push aud envelope". Variety. Archived from the original on January 10, 2014. Retrieved January 10, 2014.
"Academy Awards ratings" (PDF). Television Bureau of Advertising. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 15, 2013. Retrieved June 27, 2013.
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Carter, Bill. "After the Oscars, The Complaints". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 21, 2014. Retrieved January 8, 2014.
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Bibliography

Bona, Damien (2002), Inside Oscar 2, New York, United States: Ballantine Books, ISBN 0-345-44970-3
Kinn, Gail; Piazza, Jim (2002), The Academy Awards: The Complete Unofficial History, New York, United States: Workman Publishing Company, ISBN 978-1579123963
Osborne, Robert (2013). 85 Years of the Oscar: The Complete History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-7892-1142-2.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Pond, Steve (2005), The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards, New York, United States: Faber and Faber, ISBN 0-571-21193-3

External links

Official websites

Academy Awards Official website
The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Official website
Oscar's Channel at YouTube (run by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences)

News resources

The Oscars 1999 BBC News

Analysis

1998 Academy Awards Winners and History Filmsite
Academy Awards, USA: 1999 Internet Movie Database

Other resources

The 71st Annual Academy Awards on IMDb

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[1] "Geena Davis to Do Pre-Oscar Telecast". Chicago Tribune. January 12, 1999. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.

[2] Richmond, Ray (March 21, 1999). "The 71st Annual Academy Awards". Variety. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.

[3] Bona 2002, p. 231

[4] Bona 2002, p. 233

[5] "Whoopi Goldberg to host Oscars". BBC News. January 13, 1999. Archived from the original on January 9, 2014. Retrieved January 9, 2014.

[6] Wallace, Amy (January 13, 1999). "Whoopi Goldberg Gets Tapped to Host 71st Oscar Ceremony". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved January 3, 2014.

[7] Graser, Marc (February 28, 1999). "Avid has fan in Oscar at Sci-tech ceremony". Variety. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.

[8] Rosen, Steven (March 22, 1999). "'Love,' not war Best-picture Oscar goes to 'Shakespeare'". The Denver Post. p. A1.

[9] Munoz, Lorena (February 10, 1999). "It's the Early Birds That Get to Squirm". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 4, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.

[10] Anthony, Todd (February 10, 1999). "71st Academy Awards". Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 3, 2014.

[11] "Oscar loves 'Shakespeare' Bard's film takes 7 Academy Awards; Benigni, Paltrow named best actors". San Antonio Express-News. March 22, 1999. p. 1D.

[12] Bona 2002, p. 401

[13] Bona 2002, p. 209

[14] Osborne 2013, p. 423

[15] Welkos, Robert W. (March 19, 1999). "Benigni Rising Has Hollywood Gushing". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 8, 2014. Retrieved January 7, 2014.

[16] O'Neil, Tom (September 22, 2010). "Quiz: Who won Oscars for foreign-lingo roles?". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on January 16, 2014. Retrieved January 13, 2014.

[17] Kinn & Piazza 2002, p. 299

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