Yaña imlâ alphabet

Yaña imlâ (Tatar: Яңа имля, pronounced [jʌˈŋɑ imˈlʲæ], lit. "New orthography") was a modified variant of Arabic script that was in use for the Tatar language between 1920–1927. The orthographical reform modified İske imlâ, abolishing excess Arabic letters, adding letters for short vowels e, ı, ö, o. Yaña imlâ made use of "Arabic Letter Low Alef" to indicate vowel harmony. Arguably, Yaña imlâ had as its goal the accommodation of the alphabet to the actual Tatar pronunciation.

Yaña imlâ
Type
Alphabet with some elements of an abjad
LanguagesTatar, Bashkir
Time period
1920 to 1928
Parent systems
Arabic alphabet
Cover page of Tatar Yana imla book, printed with Separated Arabic script in 1924
Tatar book from 1925 written in the Yaña imlâ showing use of "Arabic Letter Low Alef" to designate vowel harmony

There were some projects that were to simplify Yaña imlâ too. The unique separated Arabic was invented (so as to use typewriters). Separated Arabic was even incorporated in the early flag of Tatar ASSR, though it was not in real use.

As early as in 1924 the first projects of Latin script were introduced and in 1928 alphabet was switched to the Latin Yañalif alphabet.

ZamanälifIsolatedFinalMedialInitialJaꞑalifModern Cyrillic Tatar alphabetNotes
aئاـاائاaа
äئەـەـەئەəә
pپـپـپـپـpп
bبـبـبـبـʙб
tتـتـتـتـtт
cج ـجـجـجـçҗ
çچـچـچـچـcч
xحـحـحـحـxх
dدـدـددdд
rرـرـررrр
zزـزـززzз
jژـژـژژƶж
sسـسـسـسـsс
şشـشـشـشـşш
ğعـعـعـعـƣг(ъ)Alternative Cyrillic transcription: ғ
fفـفـفـفـfф
qقـقـقـقـqк(ъ)Alternative Cyrillic transcription: қ
kکـکـکـکـkк
gگـگـگـگـgг
ñڭـڭـڭـңInitial form not used due to the absence of ŋ as an initial consonant
lلـلـلـلـlл
mمـمـمـمـmм
nنـنـنـنـnн
wوـوـووvвAlternative Cyrillic transcription: ў
yیـىـیـیـjй
i, íئیـىـیـئیـi, ьjи, ыйࢭئی for í
ئی for i
u, üئوـوـوئوu, yу, үࢭئو for u
ئو for ü
o, öئۇـۇـۇئۇo, ɵо, өࢭئۇ for o
ئۇ for ö
ı, eئـئـئـئـь, eы, еࢭئـ for ı
ئـ for e
hهـهـهـهـhһ

See also

Sources

    • "Arabic alphabet". Tatar Encyclopaedia (in Tatar). Kazan: The Republic of Tatarstan Academy of Sciences. Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
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