Weapons of the Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War was a multi-sided military conflict that pitted a variety of local irregular militias, both Muslim and Christian, against each other between 1975 and 1990. A wide variety of weapons were used by the different armies and factions operating in the Lebanese Civil War. Combatants included:
- the leftist-Muslim militias of the Lebanese National Movement (LNM) coalition (1975 – 1982);
- the rightist-Christian militias of the Lebanese Front coalition (1976 – 1980);
- the Muslim Lebanese Arab Army (LAA), dissident faction of the Lebanese Army (1976 – 1977);
- the Christian Army of Free Lebanon (AFL), dissident faction of the Lebanese Army (1976 – 1978);
- the Christian Kataeb Regulatory Forces (KRF) militia (1961 – 1980);
- the Christian Lebanese Forces militia (LF), successor of the Lebanese Front (1977 – 1993);
- the Christian Lebanese Forces – Executive Command (LFEC) militia, dissident faction of the LF (1985 – 1991);
- the Christian Al-Tanzim militia (1969 – 1990);
- the Christian Guardians of the Cedars (GoC) militia (1974 – 2000);
- the Christian Tigers Militia (a.k.a. Al-Noumour, Noumour Al-Ahrar, Noumours, NLP Tigers) militia (1968 – 1991);
- the Christian Zgharta Liberation Army (ZLA, a.k.a. Al-Marada, Marada Brigade, Mardaite Brigade) militia (1967 – 1991);
- the Shia Muslim Amal Movement militia (1975 – present);
- the Shia Muslim Hezbollah guerrilla group (1985 – present);
- the Sunni Muslim Islamic Unification Movement (IUM, a.k.a. Al-Tawheed) militia (1982 – present);
- the Sunni Muslim Independent Nasserite Movement's Al-Mourabitoun militia (1975 – 1988);
- the Sunni Muslim Popular Nasserist Organization's National Liberation Army (NLA) militia (1975 – 1991);
- the Alawite Arab Democratic Party's Arab Red Knights (ARK) militia (1981 – 1991);
- the Druze Progressive Socialist Party's People's Liberation Army (Druze PLA) militia (1975 – 1991);
- the Lebanese Communist Party's Popular Guard militia (1970 – 2000);
- the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party's Assad Battalion militia (1966 – present);
- the Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) militia (1932 – present);
- the South Lebanon Army (SLA) (1978 – 2000);
- the official Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) and the Internal Security Forces (ISF), led by the Lebanese government;
- the mainstream Palestinian guerrilla factions of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the breakaway Rejectionist Front (present in Lebanon from 1968 to 1983);
- the Palestine Liberation Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 1990);
- the Syrian Army (present in Lebanon from 1976 to 2005);
- the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) (present in Lebanon from 1978 to 2000);
- in between, a plethora of irregular Lebanese armed groups that emerged from the wrecks of both the LNM and the Lebanese Front alliances, after their collapse in the early 1980s.
Weapons and equipment
The list below comprises all the weapons and equipment employed by the LNM, Lebanese Front, LAA, AFL, LF, IUM, Hezbollah, Al-Mourabitoun, NLA, Druze PLA, SLA, LAF, ISF, and lesser Lebanese groups. (note: the Syrian Army, PLO, Palestinian PLA and IDF are not included on this list)
Pistols and revolvers
Colt M1911A1 pistol
Colt Cobra .38 Special snub-nose revolver
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Tokarev TT-33 pistol
CZ 75 pistol
Makarov PM/PMM pistol
- Smith & Wesson Model 10 revolver
- Smith & Wesson Model 13 revolver
- Smith & Wesson Model 14 revolver
- Smith & Wesson Model 15 revolver
- Smith & Wesson Model 17 revolver
- Smith & Wesson Model 19 revolver
- Colt Single Action Army second generation revolver
- Colt Cobra .38 Special snub-nose revolver[1]
- Mauser C96 "broomhandle" pistol[2]
- Mauser HSc pistol[2]
- Mauser M2 semi-automatic handgun[2]
- Luger pistol[2]
- Walther P38 pistol[2]
- Walther PPK pistol[3]
- Heckler & Koch VP 70 pistol[2]
- Heckler & Koch P7 pistol[2]
- Heckler & Koch P9 pistol[2]
- SIG P210 pistol[2]
- SIG-Sauer P220 and P225 pistols[2]
- Astra A-80 pistol[2]
- Astra A-90 pistol[2]
- Astra A-100 pistol[2]
- Llama M82 pistol[2]
- Star A, B, B Super, and P pistols[2]
- Star 30M pistol[2]
- Star Ultrastar, Firestar and Megastar pistols[2]
- Taurus PT92, PT99, and PT100 pistols[2]
- Beretta M1951 pistol[2]
- Beretta 85, 86, 87 and 89 pistols[2]
- MAB PA-15 pistol[2]
- Colt M1911A1 Semi-Automatic Pistol[4][2]
- Para-Ordnance P14-45 (Canadian-produced version of the M1911A1 pistol)[2]
- FN Browning M1910 and M1922 pistols[2]
- FN Browning Hi-Power pistol[5][6]
- FN Browning BDM pistol[2]
- FN Browning BDA380 pistol[2]
- FN Browning HP-DA/BDA9 pistol[2]
- Tokarev TT-33 pistol[2]
- Makarov PM/PMM pistol[2]
- CZ 52 pistol[2]
- CZ 75 pistol[2]
- CZ 82/83 pistol[2]
- CZ 85 pistol[2]
Submachine guns
MP 40 Submachine gun
MAT-49 Submachine gun
Škorpion vz. 61 Submachine gun
Socimi Type 821 Submachine gun
Crvena Zastava Automat M56 Submachine gun
- MP 40
- PPD-40
- PPSh-41[7]
- M1A1 Thompson
- Crvena Zastava Automat M56 (Yugoslavian-produced submachine gun similar in design to the German MP 40)
- MAT-49
- Sa 25/26[8]
- Sten Mk V
- Sterling L2A3/Mark 4 submachine gun
- L34A1/Mk.5 Sterling-Patchett (sound-suppressed version of the Sterling L2A3)[9]
- Carl Gustav m/45 (or its Egyptian-produced version, dubbed the "Port Said")
- Škorpion vz. 61[10][11]
- Spectre M4
- Walther MPL
- Beretta Model 12[12]
- Socimi Type 821 (Italian-produced submachine gun similar in design to the Israeli Uzi)
- Uzi (MP-2, Mini Uzi, and Micro Uzi variants)
- MAC-10 Machine pistol
- MAC-11 Machine pistol (sub-compact version of the MAC-10)
- Heckler & Koch MP5
- Heckler & Koch MP5K (shortened version of the MP5)
Bolt action rifles
- Lee-Enfield
- US M1917
- Lebel Model 1886 rifle[13]
- Berthier 1907/15 - M16 Lebel rifle[13]
- Berthier 1892 M16 cavalry carbine
- MAS-36 rifle[13]
- Mauser Model 1888 commission rifle
- Mauser Gewehr 98
- Mauser Karabiner 98k
- Mosin–Nagant
Semi-automatic rifles
M1 Garand rifle (Beretta Model 1952)
SKS semi-automatic rifle
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M14 semi-automatic rifle
- MAS-49 and MAS-49/56 rifles[14]
- M1 Garand (or its Italian-produced copy, the Beretta Model 1952)[15]
- SKS[16]
- vz. 52 rifle[17]
- M14 rifle[18]
- Beretta BM 59 (Italian-produced semi-automatic rifle similar in design to the M14)
Carbines
SIG SG 543 carbine
- M2 carbine[19]
- CAR-15 Assault carbine[20]
- AMD-65
- FN CAL
- SIG SG 543 carbine[21][22]
Assault rifles
FN FAL assault rifle
vz. 58 assault rifle
M16A1 assault rifle
AR-18 assault rifle
SIG SG 540 assault rifle
- Sturmgewehr 44 assault rifle
- AK-47 assault rifle (other variants included the AKM, AK-74, the Hungarian AK-63, the Yugoslav Zastava M70 and Zastava M80, the Polish PMK-DGN-60, Chinese Type 56, North Korean Type 58 and Type 68, the Romanian Pistol Mitralieră model 1963/1965[23][24] and AIM, Bulgarian AKK/AKKS, and former East German MPi-KM and MPi-KMS-72 assault rifles)[3][25]
- Vz. 58
- FN FAL[26][27]
- ROMAT (Israeli-produced 'lightened' version of the FN FAL battle rifle)
- M16A1[28][29][30][31]
- M16A2
- ArmaLite AR-18
- Norinco CQ
- CETME Model C (Spanish-produced assault rifle similar in design to the German Heckler & Koch G3)[16]
- Heckler & Koch G3[32][33][34][35]
- Heckler & Koch HK33
- Heckler & Koch G41
- Heckler & Koch G53
- SIG SG 540 and SIG SG 542 assault rifles[36]
Sniper rifles
Dragunov SVD-63 sniper rifle
PSL sniper rifle
M40 sniper rifle
Remington Model 700 sniper rifle
- Lee-Enfield (fitted with sniper scopes)[37]
- FN FAL (fitted with sniper scopes)[38]
- Heckler & Koch G3 (fitted with sniper scopes)[38]
- M16A1 (fitted with sniper scopes; not very effective)[39]
- FR F1[40]
- Dragunov SVD-63[41][42]
- Tabuk Sniper Rifle
- Zastava M76/M78
- M21 Sniper Weapon System
- M40 rifle
- Remington Model 700
- Savage 10FP/110FP
- PSL Sniper Rifle
- SSG 82
- Steyr SSG 69
- Enfield L42A1 (military version) and Enforcer (Police version) rifles
- Heckler & Koch PSG1
- PTRS-41 14.5mm anti-tank rifle (used for heavy sniping)
Shotguns
- Winchester Model 1200
- Mossberg 500 12-gauge (20.2mm)
- Remington Model 870 Police Magnum 12-gauge (20.2mm)
- Franchi SPAS-12 semi-automatic
- Franchi SPAS-15 semi-automatic
Light machine guns
Israeli Heavy Barrel MAKLEON FAL.
HK 21 light machine gun
M1918A2 BAR
- Chatellerault FM Mle 1924/29[43]
- M1918A2 BAR
- Bren Mk. I .303 (7.7mm)
- RPK
- Zastava M77 (Yugoslav-produced version of the RPK)
- RPD[1]
- DP-28
- Heckler & Koch HK21[44]
- FN FAL 50-41 Heavy Barrel (HB)
- MAKLEON (Israeli-produced version of the FN FAL 50-41 HB)
Medium machine gun and Heavy machine guns
M2HB heavy machine gun
- Besa Mark III 7.92mm (mounted on Technicals)
- Browning M1919A4 .30 Cal (mounted on Technicals, armoured cars, tanks, and APCs)[48][49][50]
- SG-43/SGM Goryunov (mounted on Technicals and APCs)
- Type 53/57 (Chinese variant of the SG-43 and SGM)
- DShK 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (mainly mounted on Technicals and APCs)[51][50]
- Type 54 (Chinese variant of the DShK)[52]
- Type 77 12.7mm Heavy machine gun
- NSV 12.7mm Heavy machine gun (taken off from disabled tanks and re-mounted on Technicals)
- Zastava M87 (Yugoslav variant of the NSV mounted on Technicals)
- KPV 14.5mm Heavy machine gun (mounted on Technicals)
- Browning M2HB .50 Cal (mounted on Technicals, tanks, and APCs)[29][53]
- AN/M2 aircraft gun (version of the Browning M2HB mounted on Technicals and armoured cars)[53]
Grenade systems
- Mark 2 Fragmentation Hand/Rifle Grenade
- M61 Fragmentation Hand Grenade
- M67 grenade
- M18 smoke grenade
- M5 grenade[47]
- M26 grenade[47]
- Type 67 stick granade[54]
- F1 hand grenade
- RG-4 anti-personnel grenade[55]
- RG-42 hand grenade
- RGD-5 hand grenade
- RPG-43 anti-tank grenade[56]
- RKG-3 anti-tank grenade
- PGN-60 anti-tank rifle grenade[57]
- M60 rifle grenade[58]
- AC58 rifle grenade
- APAV40 rifle grenade
- M52 rifle grenade
- STRIM 65 rifle grenade
- Mecar R1A1 Super Energa rifle grenade
- Mecar BTU rifle grenade
- FN Telgren rifle grenade
Land mine systems
- M18A1 Claymore anti-personnel mine
- M14 anti-personnel mine[59]
- No. 3 anti-personnel mine[59]
- No. 4/4A anti-personnel mine[59]
- No. 4 enhanced anti-personnel mine[59]
- No. 10 anti-personnel mine[59]
- PMD-6/6M anti-personnel mine[59]
- PMN 2 anti-personnel mine[59]
- Type 72A/B anti-personnel mine[59]
- GYATA 64 anti-personnel mine[59]
- Mi Ap ID Mle 51 anti-personnel mine[59]
- Mi Ap DV Mle 59 anti-personnel mine[59]
- MAPS anti-personnel mine[59]
- VS 50 anti-personnel mine[59]
- PRB M35 anti-personnel mine[59]
- TM-46/TMN-46 anti-tank mine[60]
- TM-57 anti-tank mine[60]
- TM-62M anti-tank mine[60]
- TMA-3 anti-tank mine[60]
- TMA-4 anti-tank mine[60]
- TMA-5 anti-tank mine[60]
- M6A1 anti-tank mine[60]
- M7A1 anti-tank mine[60]
- M15 anti-tank mine[60]
- M19 anti-tank mine[60]
- PRB M3 anti-tank mine[60]
- Mk 7 anti-tank mine[60]
- TC/6 anti-tank mine[60]
Anti-tank rocket and grenade launchers
RL-83 Blindicide
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M72 LAW
M203 grenade launcher
M79 grenade launcher
- M9A1 Bazooka 80mm
- 88.9mm Instalaza M65 (Spanish improved variant of the US M20 "Super Bazooka" 3.5 inch)
- LRAC Mle 50 73mm (French-produced anti-tank rocket launcher developed from the German Panzerschreck)[61]
- RL-83 Blindicide anti-tank rocket launcher[62]
- M72 LAW[9][63]
- M80 Zolja 64mm (Yugoslav-produced anti-tank rocket launcher similar to the M72 LAW)
- RPG-2 rocket-propelled grenade launcher.[64][65]
- RPG-7 rocket-propelled grenade launcher.[64][65][66][67][68]
- Type 69 RPG rocket-propelled grenade launcher
- M47 Dragon
- CMS B-300 83mm Shoulder-launched Multipurpose Assault Weapon (SMAW)
- ENTAC[69]
- MILAN (mounted on Technicals and M113 APCs)[70][67][71][50]
- BGM-71 TOW (mounted on Technicals and M113 APCs)[72]
- AT-3 Sagger[71]
- M203 grenade launcher[5][9][73]
- M79 grenade launcher[74]
Recoilless rifles
- M2 Carl Gustaf 84mm
- M67 90mm
- B-10 82mm (mounted on Technicals)[75][50]
- B-11 107mm (mounted on Technicals)[76]
- SPG-9 73mm (mounted on Technicals)[77]
- Type 56 75mm (Chinese variant of the US M20 recoilless rifle)[78]
- M40A1 106mm (mounted on Technicals, M113, AMX-VCI, and VAB APCs)[79][80][50]
- L6 Wombat 120mm (mounted on Technicals)
Mortars
Soltam M-65 120mm heavy mortar in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
Soltam M-66 160mm heavy mortar in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
- Type E1 51mm Light mortar
- L16 81mm mortar
- Thomson-Brandt MO-60-L 60mm light mortar
- M224 60mm lightweight mortar (LWCMS)
- M2 60mm mortar[28]
- M29 81mm mortar[81]
- M30 4.2 inch (106.7mm) mortar[82]
- 82-BM-41 (M-1937) 82mm mortar
- 2B14-1 Podnos 82mm mortar
- 2B11 Sani 120mm towed heavy mortar
- Hotchkiss-Brandt TDA MO-120-RT-61 120mm towed heavy mortar[28][83]
- 120-PM-43 (M-1943) 120mm heavy mortar[28]
- Soltam M-65 120mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and modified M113 APCs)[28][84][85]
- Soltam M-66 160mm heavy mortar (mostly mounted on M3/M9 half-tracks and Makmat mortar carriers)[28][86]
- 2S4 240mm towed breech-loading heavy mortar[79]
Rocket and missile systems
APR-40/RO-40 128mm 6-tube multiple rocket launcher mounted on a DAC chassis in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
- DKB Grad-P 122mm Light portable rocket system[87]
- BM-11 122mm multiple rocket launcher[64][88]
- BM-13 122mm multiple rocket launcher[64][89]
- BM-21 Grad 122mm multiple rocket launcher[90]
- APR-40/RO-40 128mm multiple rocket launcher[91]
- BM-12 107mm multiple rocket launcher (mounted on Technicals)[92]
- BM-14 140mm multiple rocket launcher (mounted on Technicals)[92]
- Type 63 107mm multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-12 mounted on Technicals)[92][50]
- Type 81 140mm multiple rocket launcher (Chinese version of the BM-14 mounted on Technicals)[92]
- FIM-43 Redeye surface-to-air missile
- SA-7 Grail surface-to-air missile[93][94][95]
- Frog-7 short-range artillery rocket[96]
- SS.11 anti-tank missile (mounted on ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 trucks and Gazelle helicopter gunships)
- SS.12 anti-tank missile (mounted on ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 trucks and Gazelle helicopter gunships)
- HOT anti-tank missile (mounted on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
- SNEB 68mm rocket projectile[64]
Anti-tank guns
ZiS-2 57mm anti-tank gun in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2005.
D-44 85mm anti-tank gun in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
- ZiS-2 57mm anti-tank gun[97]
- ZiS-3 76.2mm anti-tank gun
- D-44 85mm anti-tank gun[98]
- D-48 85mm towed anti-tank gun
- DEFA D921/GT-2 90mm towed anti-tank gun (mounted on M3/M9 half tracks)
Anti-aircraft guns and Autocannons
AZP S-60 57mm anti-aircraft gun in Hatzerim Israel Airforce Museum, Beersheba, Israel.
- AZP S-60 57mm anti-aircraft gun[99]
- Bofors 40mm L/60 anti-aircraft gun (mounted on cargo trucks and BTR-152 APCs)[99][100][101][102][103]
- M621 20mm chain-fed cannon (installed on Gazelle helicopter gunships)
- Zastava M55 A2 20mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals, cargo trucks and M113 APCs)[104][105][106][107]
- Hispano-Suiza HS.661 30mm autocannon[108]
- ZPU (ZPU-1, ZPU-2, ZPU-4) 14.5mm autocannons (mostly mounted on technicals, M113 APCs and M3/M9 half tracks)[109][110][111][112]
- ZU-23-2 23mm autocannon (mostly mounted on technicals, cargo trucks, M113 and BTR-152 APCs)[87][113][114]
- Type 85/YW 306 23mm autocannon (Chinese-produced version of the ZU-23-2, mounted on technicals, cargo trucks and M113 APCs)
- TCM-20 20mm mount (mounted on M3/M9 half tracks)
Howitzers
Mle 1950 BF-50 155mm howitzer in Beyt ha-Totchan Museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
M-30 122mm howitzer in Beyt ha-Totchan museum, Zikhron Ya'akov, Israel.
- QF Mk III 25-Pounder field gun[115]
- M101A1 105mm towed field howitzer[116][117]
- M102 105mm light towed field howitzer[83]
- M114A1 155mm towed field howitzer[82][83]
- Mle 1950 BF-50 155mm howitzer[79][29][82][83]
- M198 155mm howitzer[83]
- FH-70 155mm field howitzer
- M1938 (M-30) 122mm howitzer[79][83]
- 2A18 (D-30) 122mm howitzer[79][118]
- M1944 (BS-3) 100mm anti-tank and field gun
- M1954 (M-46) 130mm towed field gun[119][88]
- Type 59-1 130mm field gun (Chinese-made gun deriveted from the Soviet M-46)[82]
- M1955 (D-20) 152mm towed gun-howitzer
Armoured vehicles
AML-90 of the Lebanese Army in Beirut, 1982.
ex-PLO built UR-416 clone in Batey Ha-Osef Museum, Tel Aviv, Israel, 2005.
BTR-152 converted into an ARV by the South Lebanese Army in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
ex-Lebanese Army AMX-VCI in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
BTR-50PK converted into a Medevac vehicle by the South Lebanese Army in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
ex-Lebanese Army M41A3 light tank in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
ex-Lebanese Army AMX-13 light tank in Yad La-Shiryon Museum, Latrun, Israel, 2005.
Amal fighters manning a T-55A tank provided by Syria, Beirut 1980s.
- AMX-13 light tank (75mm, 90mm, and 105mm gun versions)[108][120][121][122][83]
- M41A3 Walker Bulldog light tank[108][123][124][125]
- Sherman Firefly medium tank
- Sherman M-50 medium tank[126][29][127][128]
- T-34/85 medium tank[129][130][131]
- T-54A, T-54B and T-55A main battle tanks[79][29][132][133][134][135][83]
- T-62 main battle tank
- Ti-67 (Tiran 4) main battle tank (Israeli-modified version of the T-54/55)[136][137]
- M48A1 and M48A5 main battle tanks[138][139]
- Charioteer tank destroyer[87][140][141][142][143]
- SU-100 tank destroyer
- M42A1 Duster SPAAG[144][123][145][146][147]
- ZSU-23-4M Shilka SPAAG[90][148][149][150][151][152]
- Ferret armoured car[153][154]
- Shorland Mk 1 Patrol Car
- BRDM-2 amphibious armoured scout car
- Cadillac Gage V-100 Commando armoured car[123][155][156]
- Staghound armoured car[108][157][158][159][160][161][162][163]
- Panhard AML-90 armoured car[108][123][164][165][166][83]
- Alvis Saladin armoured car[167][168]
- IAI/Ramta RAM-2V Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle[169]
- IAI/Ramta RBY-2 Scout Armoured Reconnaissance Vehicle[169]
- Bravia V-200 Chaimite armoured car[170][171]
- UR-416 armoured car[172][173][174][175]
- BTR-152 armoured personnel carrier[101][176][177][178]
- BTR-50PK amphibious armoured personnel carrier
- BTR-60PB armoured personnel carrier[179]
- VAB armoured personnel carrier[180][181][83]
- Alvis Saracen armoured personnel carrier[167][182][183]
- Panhard M3 VTT armoured personnel carrier[87][184][185]
- M3/M9 Zahlam half-track[186][187]
- M59 armored personnel carrier
- M113 armored personnel carrier and M113 ACAV[29][188][189][190][191][192][193]
- AMX-VCI armoured personnel carrier[194][120][34]
- BMP-1 armoured personnel carrier[179][195]
- M577 command vehicle[189][196]
- M113 modified mortar carrier[197]
- M106 mortar carrier
- M125A2 mortar carrier[189]
- Makmat mortar carrier[86]
- Homemade armoured cars[198][199]
Technicals, transport and recovery vehicles
- Hotchkiss M201 jeep (French-produced version of the Willys MB jeep)[58]
- Willys M38 MC jeep
- Willys M38A1 MD jeep[200][201]
- Jeep CJ-5 and CJ-8 (Civilian versions of the Willys M38A1 MD jeep)[53]
- Keohwa M-5GA1 and KM-41 jeeps (South Korean-produced versions of the Willys M38A1 MD jeep)[68][50]
- M151A1 and M151A2 ¼-ton utility trucks[202][203][204][205]
- UAZ-469 light utility vehicle
- Kaiser M715 jeep[206]
- Santana Series III (Spanish-produced version of the Land-Rover long wheelbase series III)
- Santana 88 Ligero Military jeep[207]
- Land-Rover short and long wheelbase series II-III[208][209]
- Range Rover first generation luxury Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
- Pinzgauer 710 light all-terrain vehicle[210]
- Volvo Laplander L3314A light utility vehicle[211][212]
- Toyota Land Cruiser (J40) light pickup[213][214][215]
- Toyota Land Cruiser (J42) light pickup[216][217]
- Toyota Land Cruiser (J45) light pickup[218]
- Toyota Land Cruiser (J55) light pickup[219]
- Toyota Land Cruiser (J70) light pickup[220]
- Peugeot 404 light pickup
- Peugeot 504 light pickup[221]
- ACMAT TPK 4.20-NA12 utility truck
- Dodge M37 ¾ ton 4x4 1953 utility truck[222]
- Dodge WC51 light truck[169]
- Dodge Fargo/Power Wagon W200 light truck[223]
- Dodge Ram (1st generation) light pickup[224]
- GMC Sierra Custom K25/K30 light pickup[58]
- Chevrolet C-10 Cheyenne light pickup[117]
- Chevrolet C-15 Cheyenne light pickup[117]
- Chevrolet C-20 Scottsdale light pickup[225]
- Chevrolet C/K 3rd generation pickup truck[226]
- Nissan Patrol 160-Series pickup (3rd generation)[227]
- Datsun 720 pickup truck[228]
- Suzuki Jimny LJ20 1st generation off-road mini SUV[229]
- Gurgel Sport utility vehicle (SUV)[63]
- Jeep Wagoneer full-size Sport utility vehicle (SUV)
- Jeep Gladiator J20 pickup truck[230][231][111]
- M880/M890 Series CUCV[232]
- Toyota Dyna U10-series light-duty truck
- Toyota U10-series route van (minibus)[233]
- M718A1 military ambulance[63]
- Chevrolet/GMC G-Series third generation van (used as military ambulance)[105]
- Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter minibus (used as military ambulance)
- Volkswagen Type 2 Transporter Pickup[234]
- AIL M325 Command Car ("Nun-Nun")[92][235][236]
- Mercedes-Benz Unimog 406 and 416 light trucks[199]
- GAZ-66 light truck[237][77]
- Chevrolet Series 50 light-duty truck[238]
- Dodge F600 medium-duty truck[239][240]
- GMC K1500 medium-duty truck
- GMC C7500 heavy-duty truck
- Bedford RL lorry
- GMC CCKW 2½-ton cargo truck
- M35A1 and M35A2 2½-ton cargo trucks[241][242][243][205]
- ZIL-131 truck
- Isuzu TW truck
- Saviem SM8 TRM 4000 truck
- Berliet GBC 8KT heavy-duty truck[244]
- M813 5-ton cargo truck[245]
- Faun L912/21-MUN heavy cargo truck
- M54A2 5-ton heavy cargo truck[210]
- KrAZ-255 heavy cargo truck[49][246]
- M5A1 artillery tractor[247]
- M816 5-ton wrecker[248]
- M88A1 medium recovery vehicle[249]
- M578 light recovery vehicle[250]
- BTS-4 Armoured Recovery Vehicle
- Ratrack dual track snow coach[251]
Helicopters
- Aérospatiale SA 315B Lama II light helicopter[257][258][259]
- Aérospatiale SA 316B/C Alouette III light helicopter[257][260][259]
- Aérospatiale SA 330C Puma medium transport/utility helicopter[261][262][263]
- Aérospatiale SA-342L Gazelle helicopter (used mainly in the gunship role)[264][265][266]
- Agusta-Bell AB212 utility transport[267][263]
Aircraft
- Dassault Mirage IIIEL fighter jet[268][269][270]
- Potez CM.170R Fouga Magister jet trainer (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)[271][259]
- Hawker Hunter FGA.70 and FGA.70A fighter jets (used mainly in the fighter-bomber role)[94][272][273][274]
- Scottish Aviation Bulldog T-1 Model 126 trainer (used also in the reconnaissance/observation role)[275]
Naval craft
- EDIC III-class Landing craft tank[276]
- EDIC9091-class Landing craft utility[277]
- LCU1466-class Landing craft utility[278]
- Aztec-class inshore patrol boat
- Byblos-class oceanic patrol vessel[279]
- Fairey Marine Tracker MkII Class patrol boat[276][280]
- Dabur-1 class patrol boat[281][282]
- Dvora-class fast patrol boat
- Zodiac rubber inflatable boat[47]
- Converted civilian fishing craft (fitted with Heavy machine-guns)[47]
See also
- Lebanese Ground Forces Equipment
- Lebanese Armed Forces Out of Service Equipment
- Lebanese Civil War
- Lebanese Air Force aircraft inventory
- Military equipment of Hezbollah
- Syrian intervention in Lebanon
- 1958 Lebanon crisis
- 1982 Lebanon War
Notes
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 44-45, Plate G3.
- "The Weapons: Semi-auto Pistols". lebaneseforces.com. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H3.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate D3.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H1.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B2.
- McNab, Soviet Submachine Guns of World War II: PPD-40, PPSh-41 and PPS (2014), p. 68.
- Popenker, Maxim. "Sa. 23". Modern Firearms.
- Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats (1989), p. 30.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B1.
- Republic of Serbia: Ministry of Economy and of Regional Development. "Annual Report on the Transfers of Controlled Goods in 2008". p. 37. Archived from the original on 21 December 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014 – via Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate D3.
- "Post-WWII use of the MAS-36 rifle: Part II (export users)". wwiiafterwwii.wordpress.com. 2015-08-23. Retrieved 2017-06-15.
- http://world.guns.ru/rifle/autoloading-rifles/fr/mas-1949-and-4956-e.html
- Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats (1989), p. 31.
- Scarlata, Paul (July 2009). "Military rifle cartridges of Lebanon Part 2: from independence to Hezbollah". Shotgun News.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 39.
- Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4 (1981), page unknown.
- http://www.bavarianm1carbines.com/carbinesnara.html
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B2.
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 16.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), p. 48; Plate B3.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G5.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B4.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B1.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-8.
- Jenzen-Jones & Spleeters, Identifying & Tracing the FN Herstal FAL Rifle: Documenting signs of diversion in Syria and beyond (2015), pp. 20-21.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-8.
- Laffin, The War of Desperation: Lebanon 1982-85 (1985), p. 40.
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), pp. 40-41, Plate D2.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate H2.
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 44, Plate G2.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 46, Plate G3.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 106.
- Thompson, The G3 Battle Rifle (2019), pp. 29; 64.
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 40, Plate D1.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 7; Appendix A, table A-8.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3; A-8.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-3.
- Russell, Katz, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon 1982–84 (1985), p. 43.
- Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats (1989), p. 35.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate C3.
- Gander, Terry J.; Cutshaw, Charles Q., eds. (2001). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001/2002 (27th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 9780710623171.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 103.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate A2.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 22.
- Katz and Volstad, Arab Armies of the Middle East Wars 2 (1988), p. 47, Plate H4.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 43.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 29.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 15.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 117.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 15.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 9.
- http://www.lexpev.nl/grenades/middleeastasia/china/stickgrenadetype67.html
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate C3.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate C3.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Introduction, p. 1.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 41.
- Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 7.
- Willey, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon (2016), p. 9.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 26.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 16.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 4.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-11.
- Rottman, The Rocket-propelled Grenade (2010), p. 63.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 10.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 63.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 35.
- Henson, Jason W."MGM-32 Entac ATGM." Archived 2 October 2011 at the Wayback Machine "Harpoon Head Quarters". Retrieved: 24 December 2009.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate B3.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 36.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 15; 35.
- Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 37.
- Rottman, US Grenade Launchers – M79, M203, and M320 (2017), p. 22.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9; Appendix D, D-6.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 58.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 31.
- A Toyota Land Cruiser BJ40/42 of the AMAL militia in 1984 armed with a Chinese made Type 56 75mm recoilless rifle.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-9.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 25.
- Gander, Terry J. (22 November 2000). "National inventories, Lebanon". Jane's Infantry Weapons 2001-2002. p. 3087.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 21.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20160728223823/http://www.inss.org.il/uploadimages/SystemFiles/lebanon.pdf
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 41-43.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 82.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 98.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-6.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 22.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 65.
- Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990), p. 81.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 56.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (1998), p. 66.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), Plate D3.
- Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 106.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 37.
- Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats (1989), p. 9.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 61.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 54.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), pp. 16-21, 32-36, 52; Appendix A, A-10, table 3; Appendix D, D-5.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 59.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 95.
- http://www.warwheels.net/Model_M35A2wBoforsASSAD.html - 1/35 scale Model Photos of a Lebanese Special Forces AA QF Bofors 40mm gun mounted on a M35A2 Gun Truck.
- http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ - 1/35 scale Model Photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia AA QF Bofors 40mm gun mounted on a BTR-152 APC, c.1976.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-2.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 27.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 53.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 15.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 46.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 60-61.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 5.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), pp. 22-23, Plate C2.
- Guardians of the Cedars M35A1 gun-truck fitted with a ZU-23-2 AA autocannon, c.1976.
- 1/72 scale model of a Guardians of the Cedars M35A1 gun-truck with ZU-23-2 Anti-Aircraft autocannon.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 28.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 22.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 52.
- Micheletti, Bataille d'Artillerie, RAIDS magazine (1989), p. 14.
- Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 105.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 10.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 11.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 15; 21-22; 49.
- Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), p. 33.
- Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 39.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 9; 50.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix A, table A-10; Appendix D, D-3.
- Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39-40, Plate H1.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 62; 80-83.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 8.
- Zaloga, Kinnear and Sarson, T-34-85 Medium Tank 1944-94 (1996), pp. 39; 47.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 67.
- Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes, RAIDS magazine (1991), p. 31.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (1998), pp. 64-65.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 60-61; 65.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 97.
- Kassis, Les TIRAN 4 et 5, de Tsahal aux Milices Chrétiennes, p. 59.
- Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban (2004), p. 85.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (1998), pp. 63-64.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 16-18.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 10.
- Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 40, Plate H3.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 8.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 38-39; 50.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), p. 21; Appendix D, D-4.
- Mesko, Greer and Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action (1991), p. 27.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 91.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 51; 53.
- Micheletti, Les véhicules de la Guerre du Liban, RAIDS magazine (1994), p. 9.
- http://forum.tayyar.org/f8/army-lebanon-36023/index7.html – information on al-Murabitoun Shilka vehicles.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 2e partie: Les combats israélo-Syriens au Liban, 1982, p. 14.
- Zaloga, ZSU-23-4 Shilka & Soviet Air Defense Gun Vehicles (1993), pp. 35-36.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 16.
- Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), pp. 324-325.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 7.
- Lathrop, McDonald and Laurier, Cadillac Cage V-100 Commando 1960-71 (2002), p. 42.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 14; 45; 54-55.
- Zaloga and Bull, Staghound armored car 1942-62 (2000), pp. 42-45.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 83-89.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 46-48.
- Fortin, Ludovic. T17E1 Staghound Armoured Car – Le char sur roues, Trucks & Tracks Magazine, December 2007 - January 2008 issue, pp. 48-67.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 85-87.
- http://milinme.wordpress.com/category/staghound/ – Colonel Barakat's Army of Free Lebanon's Staghound Mk.III armoured car near Binayit el-Béton, East Beirut, March 1976.
- "WarWheels.Net -1/35 Bronco Lebanese T17E1 Staghound Car Mark 1 Model Photos". Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-03-14. – 1/35 scale model of a Staghound armoured car on Al-Murabitoun service, c.1976.
- Hamizrachi, The Emergence of South Lebanon Security Belt (1984), pp. 55-89.
- Badran, Lebanon: Liberation, Conflict, and Crisis (2010), pp. 50-52.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 22; 24-25; 40; 56-58.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 9.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 6-7; 23; 26; 28-29; 30-31.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 79.
- http://milinme.wordpress.com/category/v-200-chaimite – An ex-ISF V-200 Chaimite employed by the Guardians of the Cedars pictured at Houche-el-Oumara during the Battle of Zahleh, April–June 1981.
- Monteiro, Berliet, Chaimite e UMM – Os Grandes Veículos Militares Nacionais (2018), pp. 41-43.
- Katz, Battleground Lebanon (1990), p. 38.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 56.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 5; 72.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 125-127.
- Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible! (1975-1990), p. 79.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 58-60.
- http://osw.zone/paint-weathering-diorama/vallejo-colors/135-btr-152-apc-armed-with-bofors-40-mm-gunnlp-tigers-militialebanon1976-by/ – 1/35 scale Model Photos of a Lebanese Tigers Militia AA QF Bofors 40mm gun mounted on a BTR-152 APC, c.1976.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 58.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), pp. 53; 57-58.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 21.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 30-31.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 54.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), pp. 52; 60.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 14; 22; 44; 56-57.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 63.
- El-Assad, Blue Steel: M-3 Halftracks in South Lebanon (2006), p. 58.
- Zaloga, Armour of the Middle East Wars 1948-78 (1981), pp. 33; 39, Plate G1.
- Dunstam, Hadler and Smith, The M113 series (1983), p. 33.
- Christopher F. Foss, Jane's Tank & Combat Vehicle recognition guide (2002), p. 215.
- El-Assad, Blue Steel III: M-113 Carriers in South Lebanon (2007), p. 8.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 117.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 49-50.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), pp. 54; 56; 60.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 66.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 39.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 40.
- O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 32.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 30.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 135.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 47; 51; 58; 60.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 6; 63.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 37; 133.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 8; 51.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), p. 14.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 47; 53.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 64-65; 111.
- Jureidini, McLaurin, and Price, Military operations in selected Lebanese built-up areas (1979), Appendix D, D-6.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 16-17; 21; 29-31; 47; 53; 87; 91; 139.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 5.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 62.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 107.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 25; 62; 66.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2003), p. 52.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 27; 73; 113; 121-123.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 31.
- Neville, Technicals: Non-Standard Tactical Vehicles from the Great Toyota War to modern Special Forces (2018), pp. 22-23, Plate C2.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 49-51.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 24-27.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 59; 75.
- Mahé, La Guerre Civile Libanaise, un chaos indescriptible (1975-1990), p. 81.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 12-13.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 63.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 66-67.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55–57; 71.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 93.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 68-69.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 55-57.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 74.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 6.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 19.
- "Lebanese Armed Forces Vehicles: The CUCV (Dodge & Chevrolet)". Military In the Middle East. Retrieved 20 April 2014.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 67.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 47.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 32-33.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 14-15; 99-101; 143.
- Dunord, Liban: Les milices rendent leurs armes (1991), p. 31.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 12.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), p. 23.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 18-19.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), pp. 57; 64.
- El-Assad, Civil Wars Volume 1: The Gun Trucks (2008), pp. 115; 117.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 18; 57.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 70.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 33.
- Naud, La Guerre Civile Libanaise - 1re partie: 1975-1978, p. 9.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 25; 51.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), p. 18.
- Zaloga, Tank battles of the Mid-East Wars (2) (1998), p. 53.
- Kassis, Véhicules Militaires au Liban/Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2012), pp. 19; 21.
- Kassis, 30 Years of Military Vehicles in Lebanon (2003), p. 34.
- The Atlas Group and Walid Raad - Cornerhouse
- Katz, Russel, and Volstad, Armies in Lebanon (1985), p. 34.
- O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), pp. 121; 123.
- Guest, Lebanon (1994), p. 111.
- O'Ballance, Civil War in Lebanon (1998), p. 132.
- Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 82.
- "World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68". flightglobal.com. Retrieved 14 March 2013.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 129.
- "World Air Forces 1983". flightglobal.com. p. 359. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 90.
- Micheletti and Debay, Liban – dix jours aux cœur des combats (1989), p. 18.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 130.
- Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 86.
- "World Air Forces 1983". flightglobal.com. p. 359. Retrieved 30 March 2013.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 130-131.
- Gunston, An Illustrated Guide to Military Helicopters (1981), p. 19.
- Jackson, Modern Combat Aircraft 23: Mirage (1985), p. 53.
- Jackson, World Air Power Journal Volume 14 (1993), p. 127.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 129-130.
- "World Air Forces 1987 pg. 68". Flightglobal Insight. 1987. Retrieved 1 June 2018.
- Rolland, Lebanon: Current Issues and Background (2003), p. 186.
- Hirst, Beware of Small States: Lebanon, Battleground of the Middle East (2010), pp. 100-101.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 128-129.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), pp. 82-83; 130.
- Hokayem, L'armée libanaise pendant la guerre: un instrument du pouvoir du président de la République (1975-1985) (2012), p. 133.
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/lebanon/le_ls_sour83.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/lebanon/le_ls_sour.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/lebanon/le_cf_byblos.htm
- http://www.navypedia.org/ships/lebanon/le_cf_lebanon.htm
- Hoy and Ostrovsky, By Way of Deception: The Making and Unmaking of a Mossad Officer (1990), p. 304.
- Menargues, Les Secrets de la guerre du Liban (2004), p. 110.
References
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- Dave Willey – Country Director-MAG, Landmines and Explosive Remnants of War in Lebanon, maginternational.org, Manchester 2016. –
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- Jean Huon, Un Siècle d'Armement Mondial: Armes à feu d'infanterie de petit calibre, tome 4, Crépin-Leblond éditions, Chaumont 1981. ASIN B009GJSUTE (in French)
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- Jim Mesko, Don Greer and Perry Manley, M41 Walker Bulldog in action – Armor Number 29, Squadron/Signal Publications, Carrolton, Texas 1991. ISBN 0-89747-262-4
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External links
- Histoire militaire de l'armée libanaise de 1975 à 1990 (in French)
- Al-Mourabitoun vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
- Lebanese Forces vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
- Druze PLA vehicles in the Lebanese civil war
- Lebanese Arab Army M113 APCs fitted with ZU-23-2 and Zastava M55 autocannons
- Pre-1975 Lebanese Army vehicles
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