Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico
Villa Guerrero is a town and municipality in the State of Mexico, Mexico. It is located on the southern slopes of the Nevado de Toluca, also known as Xinantecatl, and is 50 minutes/58 km from Toluca.
Villa Guerrero/Tequaloyan | |
|---|---|
Municipality | |
 Coat of arms | |
| Coordinates: 18°57′36″N 99°38′24″W | |
| Country | Mexico |
| State | State of Mexico |
| Government | |
| • Municipal president | C. Tito Maya de la Cruz m(2016) |
| Time zone | UTC-6 (CST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (CDT) |
| Website | http://www.villa-guerrero.com (non-official) |
Its original name was Tequaloyan, which literally in Náhuatl means "place where there are wild beasts that devour men". The Prehispanic philosophy said that Tequani u Ocelotl (jaguar) was the symbol of the west, where the sun goes underground, to make a nocturnal trip and visit the Mictlan or Dead World, sharing its trip with the Wolf Dog as a guide (or Venus as Tlahuiscalpanteuhctli, lord of the rising, to be born in the morning as a new flowered boon. Probably the original name either comes from the previous existence of wild animals called tecuani (tē = "someone, people"; cuā = "eat"; ni = "habitual" suffix), as now noted in the coat of arms shield. Its name was changed in 1867 to honor the duty and courage of its inhabitants, who participated in many war successes during the nineteenth century, such as the Independence battle of January 19 and 20, 1812, National Guard in 1547 and help in Monterrey under command of Santiago Tapia during American intervention, successful battle on September 14, 1857, versus General Jose Maria Cobos, anti liberal army, National guard at Puebla to fight the French Army on May 5, 1862.[1]
The town
Tequaloyan started out as an Ulmec settlement coming from the Gulf of Mexico, which is why the cult to the ocelot named Nahuatl Ocelotl Tequani giving significance to the name of the town and people (Tequanipas) surely was re-founded by the Otomis in the seventh century. Starting in the tenth century, it came under the influence of the Toltec and Teotihuacan civilizations. From 1221 to 1295, it was part of the Cuitlach Teuhctli domain. In 1472 the area was conquered by the Aztec Empire under Axayacatl. During this period, the town of Tequaloyan, along with some other communities, rose in importance.[1]
After the Spanish conquest, the town became an administrative and political center, with the surrounding lands distributed to various conquistadors who created a number of haciendas including San Miguel, San José, and San Nicolás Buenavista. The natives were evangelized by Augustinians who came from neighboring Malinalco. One of the first secular governors was Don Miguel Sanchez, who signed a title of land for neighbour Iztlahuatzinco, with the presence of Pedro de Gante and Alonso de Santiago in 1560. True separation of ecclesiastical and secular powers came about between 1692 and 1744, finalizing with the naming of Juan de la Cruz as Governor of Tequaloyan, with ecclesiastical authority in the area remaining with Malinalco and Tenancingo.[1]
During the Mexican War of Independence, one battle between the insurgents and royalist forces took place here on January 3, 1812. Rosendo Porlier of the royalist forces attacked José María Oviedo of the rebels, who fortified the town and helped to defend it. Porlier returned on January 17 to attack Tequaloyan as the nearby ravine of the Texcaltenco River, leading to Oviedo's death. This hastened the arrival of José María Morelos, who along with Hermenegildo Galeana, Nicolás Bravo and Mariano Matamoros gathered a force of 3,200 men to defeat the royalist forces on the 19th and 20th of the same month, allowing the insurgents to win again at Tenancingo two days later.[1]
Because of its size at the time (over 1,000 inhabitants), Tequaloyan was designated officially as a municipality with the promulgation of the Constitución Española de Cádiz in 1812, with Don Francisco Hernández as the first mayor; however, it belonged first to the municipality of Malinalco until 1826 when the town voted to secede. This is considered to be the foundation of the town's free municipal seat status.[1]
During American Intervention, the inhabitants were rehabilitated as National Guard and fought with the Mexican Army at Padierna and Molino del Reyn neighbourhood of Chapultepec in Mexico City.
At the promulgation of Liberal Constitution in 1857, the inhabitants of Tequaloyan fought many times versus the Conservator Army commanded for Jose Maria Cobos and had a successful battle on September the 14th, some time after, combat the French Army in Puebla on May 5, 1862, so at the end of Juarez Reform, its main town grew up to "Villa Guerrero", to honor duty and courage of the inhabitants. on April 20, 1867, not before at one tax trade to rebuild the official buildings.
During the Mexican Revolution, on August 18, 1914, Constitutionalist forces under Lt. Col. Bruno Neira entered the town to confront those sympathetic to the Zapatista cause.[1]
According with the results presented by INEGI in 2005, the town has a total of 18,437 inhabitants.[2]
The municipality
As municipal seat, the town of Villa Guerrero is the governing authority for the following communities: Buenavista El Carmen, Cruz Vidriada, La Finca, El Islote, El Izote, Jesús Carranza (Rancho de Jesús), La Loma de la Concepción (La Loma), Matlazinca, El Moral, Porfirio Díaz, Potrero de la Sierra, Potrero Nuevo, El Progreso Hidalgo, San Bartolomé (San Bartolo), San Diego, San Felipe, San Francisco, San Gaspar, San José, San Lucas, San Mateo Coapexco, San Miguel, San Pedro Buenos Aires (San Pedro), Santa María Aranzazú (Santa María), Santiago Oxtotitlán, Tequimilpa, Totolmajac, Zacango, Coxcacoaco, Ejido de la Finca, La Joya, El Peñón, Ejido de San Mateo Coapexco, Los Ranchos de San José, La Merced (Ex-hacienda la Merced), El Potrero, Loma del Capulín, Los Arroyos (La Baja de San Felipe), Cuajimalpa (Los Cuervos), Presa Tecualoya, Loma de Zacango (El Aventurero), San Martín, El Venturero Santa María Aranzazú, La Alta de Santiago Oxtotitlán, La Loma de Santiago Oxtotitlán, El Potrero de Santiago Oxtotitlán, Potrerillos Santa María Villa Guerrero, and Zanjillas San Bartolomé.[2]
The municipality is 267.8 square kilometers,[1] and has a total population of 52,090.[2]
Villa Guerrero is bordered to the north by Zinacantepec, Toluca, Calimaya and Tenango del Valle; to the east by the municipalities of Tenancingo and Zumpahuacán, to the south by Ixtapan de la Sal and to the west with the same Ixtapan de la Sal and Coatepec Harinas.[1]
Its two major geographical features (aside from the view of the Nevado de Toluca) are the Cerro (Hill) Cuate or of Cuaximalpa with an altitude of 3,760 meters above sea level, followed by the Cerro Cuexcontepec at 3,330 meters. A chain of hills coming down from the Chignahuitecatl volcano divides the municipality on the east from Ixtapan de la Sal and Coatepec Harinas. It is noted for its deep ravines and jagged cliffs and has been compared to Riasa, in Spain. As part of the Alto Balsas basin, it has a number of rivers including the Texcaltenco, the Chiquito de Santa María, the San Gaspar, the Los Tizantez, the Tequimilpa, the Cruz Colorada or San Mateo and the Calderón. Many of these contain waterfalls such as the Salto de Candelitas, the Atlaquisca, the Maquilero; the Salto del Río Grande de San Gaspar, and the Salto de la Neblina, called like this, because never ends of falling but change its water for a perpetual foggy. The territory also possesses natural springs such as La Estrella, La Piedra Ahuecada, El Coponial, Los Chicamoles, and El Agua de la Pila as well as a thermal spring popularly known as El Salitre.[1]
Floriculture and Logistical Advantages
The most important economic developments in Villa guerrero occurred from the 1930s to the 1950s when large numbers of Japanese immigrants settled in the area, initiating floriculture. Roses in various varieties, are the primary flower grown, followed by the "gerbera", the lilies as "casablanca", the "stargeiser", chrysanthemum and the Dutch tulip as well as other ornamental plants such as the dollar eucalyptus, aster and most recently many filler plants. The quality of Villa Guerrero's flowers has allowed them to penetrate national and international flower markets, exporting flowers to the United States, Canada and various European countries. This floriculture is said to be the "pride of the Villaguerrenses" and is now the main economic staple of the municipality. In the 2005–2010 period the Mexican Flower Council, the most important flower and pot plant growers organization, developed a special quality program that achieved WF&FSA organization membership.
With more than 85% of Mexico's total flower production land, Villa Guerrero is the main producer of flowers in Mexico. Because of this, the municipality is now internationally recognized as Capital of the Flower in Mexico.
Floriculture is the most important factor in the economy of the Municipality of Villa Guerrero. According to reports from the municipal government, flower production generated 1,827 million pesos (approx. 91.35 million USD) only in 2010. However, the income by export hardly corresponds to 10% of the total production of flowers according to the most favorable estimates.
In this sense, Villa Guerrero is a paradise of fresh flower suppliers vastly unexplored by US wholesale flower companies. These companies buy flowers that are transported by plane into the United States from remote countries as Colombia, Ecuador, the Netherlands or Kenya.
In counterpoint, the Municipality of Villa Guerrero, State of Mexico is located at a distance of 1,152.00 km (716.00 mi) from Laredo, Texas. This means that the flowers of Villa Guerrero can be within the United States in just 13 hours of travel by land. The great advantages in reducing the cost of shipping and reducing the transfer time from harvest to the display of flowers in the US market, have the potential to make Villa Guerrero the favorite flower supplier in the United States, as they would allow flower selling companies in the United States to increase the quality of the supply of flowers in all markets throughout the United States at an extremely competitive price.
The Municipality of Villa Guerrero has a stable microclimate that allows it to maintain its high production of flowers throughout the year. This also represents an advantage compared to countries where drastic changes in the climate limit flower production to specific seasons of the year.
Likewise, the infrastructure that flower growers have in Villa Guerrero allows them to execute sophisticated post-harvest processes in which the flowers are quickly processed for transportation in refrigerated trucks, to their storage in cooling chambers. This allows the flowers to maintain an ideal longevity once they reach the final consumer.
Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero
The Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero began operations in October 2017 and has a total area of 234,730.94 m2 (280,735.86 yd²). This project offers various trade opportunities for flower growers, farmers, and ranchers in the region. However, the Villa Guerrero Supply Center is also a more convenient option for thousands of interstate merchants who now flock to Villa Guerrero to supply their high demand for floriculture-related products. These products are taken to all the states of the Mexican Republic and abroad. In addition, the Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero has a direct connection to the Ixtapan de la Sal - Tenango del Valle Highway. Because of this, the wholesale traders who usually transport their merchandise in semi-trucks and tractor-trailers, prefer to go to the extensive facilities of the Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero instead of visiting other supply centers located within densely populated cities; with problems of vehicular circulation, and lack of space for maneuvers of large vehicles.
Thus, the Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero has established itself as the region's commercial mecca.
Currently, the Central de Abasto de Villa Guerrero has 6-meter-wide roads; enough for two-way circulation of cars, direct access to the Ixtapan de la Sal - Tenango del Valle Highway, direct access to the Federal Highway 55, and a gas station specifically designed to facilitate the maneuvers of tractor-trailers.
In addition, the municipal government of Villa Guerrero is carrying out works to improve parking, drainage, storm drains and paving. Finally, this project involves the construction of commercial premises, simple warehouses, refrigerated warehouses, restaurants, banks, a chapel, and a food area, among other services.
ASFLORVI & ExpoFlor México
The Asociación de Floricultores de Villa Guerrero A.C. or Flower Growers Association of Villa Guerrero A.C. is located in the municipal seat of Villa Guerrero and has a registry of more than 700 associates. This makes it the largest flower growers association in Mexico. Known by its acronym, ASFLORVI was founded in 1991 and is made up of the main producers of flowers, foliage and floral bouquets in Villa Guerrero. Today, ASFLORVI is internationally recognized, as it is the host of the ExpoFlor México.
ExpoFlor México is the most important floricultural event in Mexico and was originally created by the Villa Guerrero A.C. Flower Growers Association. This event is held annually and in 2018 it had a history of 27 editions. ExpoFlor México brings together the representatives of the companies with the greatest relevance in the floriculture industry in Mexico, among which are HilverdaKooij, Plantas Técnicas Plantec, Ball SB, Sakata Seeds, Takii, Grofit Flower Seeds. This event is usually held during the fall at the facilities of the Instituto Tecnologico de Estudios Superiores de Villa Guerrero or Technological Institute for Higher Studies in Villa Guerrero, which is the largest institution of higher education in the region.
At ExpoFlor México, the main commercial partners and flower producers in Mexico meet to exchange their knowledge, find new commercial partners and establish cooperative links with government entities in charge of working for the benefit of all parties.
References
- "Enciclopedia de los Municipios Estado de Mexico Villa Guerrero, by Rodolfo Guadarrama Gonzalez, Federal Government Ministry". 2005. Archived from the original on 28 May 2007. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
- "Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER)". Archived from the original on June 13, 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-08.
- Rodolfo Guadarrama Gonzalez, Ed. Mexiquense Institute of Culture, Government of the State of Mexico, 1999.
- Mexican Flower Council internal documents
