Vallipuram

Vallipuram (Tamil: வல்லிபுரம், romanized: Vallipuram, Sinhala: වල්ලිපුරම, romanized: Vallipurama) is a village in Vadamarachchi, near Point Pedro in Northern Province, Sri Lanka.[1] The village is an ancient settlement with rich archeological remains.[2] The village is home to the ancient Vishnu temple Vallipuram Aalvar Kovil.[3]

Vallipuram

வல்லிபுரம்
වල්ලිපුරම
Town
Vallipuram
Coordinates: 9°47′0″N 80°14′0″E
CountrySri Lanka
ProvinceNorthern
DistrictJaffna
DS DivisionVadamarachchi North
Population
 • Total596

History

A 2nd century gold plate carrying a Prakrit inscription was found under the foundation of the Vishnu Hindu temple at Vallipuram.[4] It mentions about the establishment of a Vihara in Nakadiva by the minister named Isigiraya under the ruler King Vaha who is identified as King Vasabha (67-111 C.E.).[4][5] The inscription is important as it confirms that King Vasabha was ruling the whole country including Nakadiva (Nakadiva in Old Sinhala is the equivalent of Pali Nagadipa).[5][note 1] The language and interpretation of the inscription is disputed. According to Peter Schalk, this inscription is in Prakrit bearing Dravidian influences and the name Nakadiva is a Tamil fiefdom corresponding to modern Jaffna Peninsula, which was ruled under the Tamil minister Isikiraya.[6] The inscription is identified by Senarath Paranavithana however to be in early Sinhalese.[4]

The Buddhist list of holy places ("Nampotha") names it as "Vallipuram" or sand city. The exact details of the temple complex are not known, and the famous 'Vallipuram" Buddha statue from the 3rd–4th century AD built in the Dravidian art of Amaravathi style was found under the Vallipuram Aalvar temple.[7] This cultural exchange between the Jaffna Tamils and Andhra Pradesh occurred at the height of Tamil trade in the Sangam period, continuing when the Telugu Satavahana dynasty was at the height of its power from 230 BC right through when its 17th monarch Hāla (20-24 AD) married a princess from the island.[6][8] Professor Peter Shalk (University of Uppsala), writes "Vallipuram has very rich archaeological remains that point at an early settlement. It was probably an emporium in the first centuries AD. […].[7] The Buddha statue found here was given to King of Thailand by the then British Governor Henry Blake in 1906.

The capital of the Jaffna Kingdom has been referred in several inscriptions as Singainagar. The capital is variously identified as Nallur (a later capital), Poonakary or Vallipuram.[9][10]

Vallipuram Gallery
  • Vallipuram
  • Vishnu temple, Vallipuram
  • Gold inscription of King Vaha, Vallipuram
    1st century AC Brahmi:"Sidha! Maharaja-Vahayaha rajahi amete Isigiraye Nakadiva Bujameni Badakara-atanehi Piyaguka-Tisa Vihara karite"
    Trans: Success! in the reign of the great king Vaha, when the minister Isigiraya was governing the Nakadiva, Piyaguka Tissa caused a Vihara to be built at Badakara Atana.[6]

See also

Notes
    1. The inscription documented during the reign of King Vasabha records the building of a vihara or a monastery at a place called Badakara Atana by a person named Piyagukatisa, when the minister Isigiraya as the Governor of Nagadipa. Nakadiva in Old Sinhala is the equivalent of Pali Nagadipa. The gold plate bearing the inscription was discovered under the foundation of the Vishnu temple at Vallipuram in the Vadamarachchi Divisional Secretariat in Jaffna where remains the ruins of buildings of an early Buddhist civilization that flourished in the Northern part of Sri Lanka. According to the inscription, the fact that the King had a minister controlling the North in his reign, confirms that the whole of Sri Lanka was under King Vasabha

    References
    1. "Census of Population and Housing 2012: Population by GN division and sex 2012" (PDF). Department of Census and Statistics, Sri Lanka. 2012.
    2. Journal of the Institute of Asian Studies. Institute of Asian Studies. 1994. p. 118.
    3. Samuel, G. John; Śivagaṇēśamūrti, Ār Es; Nagarajan, M. S. (1998). Buddhism in Tamil Nadu: Collected Papers. Institute of Asian Studies. p. 60.
    4. Paranavitana, S. (1983). Inscriptions of Ceylon, Late Brahmi Inscriptions, 2 (part 1). Colombo: Archaeological Survey of Sri Lanka. pp. 79, 81.
    5. Dias, M.; Koralage, S.B.; Asanga, K. (2016). The archaeological heritage of Jaffna peninsula. Colombo: Department of Archaeology (Sri Lanka). pp. 166, 167. ISBN 978-955-9159-99-5.
    6. Schalk, Peter; Veluppillai, A.; Nākacāmi, Irāmaccantiran̲ (2002). Buddhism among Tamils in pre-colonial Tamilakam and Īlam: Prologue. The Pre-Pallava and the Pallava period. Almqvist & Wiksell. pp. 151, 221, 231. ISBN 9789155453572.
    7. Schalk, Peter (1996-01-01). "The Vallipuram Buddha Image "Rediscovered"". Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis. 16: 301. doi:10.30674/scripta.67235. ISSN 2343-4937.
    8. Ponnampalam Ragupathy. (1987). Early settlements in Jaffna: an archaeological survey. pp. 183
    9. Arunthavarajah, K. (2014). "The Views of Tamil Scholars Regarding the Origin of Jaffna Kingdom". Research on Humanities and Social Sciences. 4 (10): 107–111–111. ISSN 2225-0484.
    10. Silva, K. M. De (1960). History of Ceylon: From the earliest times to 1505. 2v. Ceylon University Press. p. 695.

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