Tongyeong

Tongyeong (Korean pronunciation: [tʰoŋ.jʌŋ]) is a coastal city in South Gyeongsang Province, South Korea.[1] In 2010, it had an area of 238.81 km2 (92.21 sq mi) and a population of 139,869 people. It is divided into 1 eup (town), 6 myeon (township) and 11 dong (neighborhood). Chungmu city and Tongyeong county were reunited in 1995, creating Tongyeong City as it is known today. It consists of Goseong Peninsula, Hansan Island, Mireuk Island, Yokji Island and other islets.[2] It was formerly known as Chungmu, after the posthumous name of Admiral Yi Sun-sin. The name Tongyeong means "command post" and is itself associated with Admiral Yi, as it refers to his principal base that was located on nearby Hansan Island.

Tongyeong

통영시
Municipal City
Korean transcription(s)
 • Hangul통영시
 • Hanja統營市
 • Revised RomanizationTongyeong-si
 • McCune-ReischauerT'ongyŏng-si
Top: Hallyeo National Marine Park; middle left: Hallyeo Waterway Observation Cable Car; middle center: Turtle ship replica; middle right: Dongpirang Village; bottom left: Chungmusa shrineJungang; bottom right Live Fish Market.
Emblem of Tongyeong
Location in South Korea
Country South Korea
RegionYeongnam
Administrative divisions1 eup, 6 myeon, 11 dong
Area
 • Total236.5 km2 (91.3 sq mi)
Population
 (2007)
 • Total134,082
 • Density566.9/km2 (1,468/sq mi)
 • Dialect
Gyeongsang

Famous people

Famous people associated with the city include Yi Sun-sin, whose headquarters were located there, and Yun Isang, a noted 20th-century composer.

Chungmu Halmae, or "Chungmu Grandmother", is a mythical old woman from Chungmu who gave her name to Chungmu Halmae Kimbap, a common Korean snack food. Chungmu Halmae, though mythical, is one of the most recognized personages from the area. The decision to group together a number of entities and incorporate them into the city of “Tongyong” erased the name Chungmu from the map of Korea and removed the home of the mythical grandmother from the peninsula.[3]

Park Kyung-ni was a famous novelist, who wrote the well-known novel, Toji (토지, The Land) consisting of 16-volume story, in Korea.

Shin Suk-ja is a political prisoner held in Yodok political prison camp in North Korea. In August 2011 human rights activists from her hometown started the “Daughter of Tongyeong Rescue Campaign”[4] to rescue her and her children.

Song Hyeong-jun is a member of South Korean boyband X1 (band). He is best known for competing in survival show Produce X 101 and ranking 4th in the finale.

Sports

Tongyeong was the site of the first race of 2009 in the International Triathlon Union-sponsored ITU World Championship Series, which encompasses "international-distance" triathlon events in cities around the world. On May 3, 2009, Bevan Docherty of New Zealand won the men's race in a thrilling photo finish as he crossed the line almost simultaneously with Brad Kahlefeldt of Australia.[5]

Healthcare

In 2007, the total number of medical institutions was 106, including 4 hospitals, 63 clinics, one long-term care hospital, 22 dental hospitals, 16 Korean traditional medicine clinics. There are also 23 medical institutions related to Tongyeong Health Center affiliated to the Tongyeong City government.[6]

Food

There are several famous food in Tongyeong. Chungmu gimbab ko:충무김밥 and Ggulbbang, a honey bread dessert.[7] Chungmu gimbab is Korean sushi made of seaweed and rice. Also, there is spicy sauce made with baby octopus. Chungmu gimbab is the original(traditional) food in Tongyeong, used call Chungmu.[7]

Ppattegi gruel is a porridge made of dried sweet potatoes. It tastes sweet and full.

Sweet potatoes on Yokji Island in Tongyeong, South Gyeongsang Province, are famous. The sweet potato field here consists of more than 70 percent of the slopes, so it is good to drain water. The amount of sunlight is so abundant that it has an optimal environment for sweet potato cultivation. It is said that the sea raised sweet potatoes, so it is called "Sweet potatoes grown under the sea breeze."[8]

Education
A view of Jeseungdang shrine, the predecessor of Unjudang in charge of military education of the Joseon navy

Tongyeong has several representative traditional educational institutions such as Unjudang (운주당), Baegun Seojae (백운서재), Tongyeong Hyanggyo (통영향교). Unjudang established on Hansan Island in 1592, took charge of military education of the Joseon navy. It was later reconstructed with the changed name as "Jeseungdang" (제승당). Baegun Seojae was a seodang, a private village school providing elementary education. Go Si-wan, a Silhak (practical learning) scholar founded it in 1805, the fifth year of King Sunjo's reign.[9] Baegun Seojae is currently situated in the neighborhood of Docheon-dong and designated as the ninth Cultural Material of South Gyeongsang province. Tongyeong Hyanggyo was a state-sponsored provincial school (hyanggyo) and was built in the site of the old Goseong Hyanggyo, which consists of 6 buildings; Daeseongjeon, Dongmu, Seomu, Myeongnyundang, Seojae, and Punghwaru. In the Daeseongjeon shrine, memorial tablets of five prominent scholars and Confucius are instituted.[6]

Modern educational institutions started to be established in the city as Jinnam Commons School, the predecessor of Tongyeong Elementary School was opened in 1908. The educational system of Tongyeong is the same as elsewhere in the country. Schooling begins with preschools, of which there are 34 in the city. This is followed by 6 years in elementary schools, of which Tongyeong has 32 including 14 branch schools. Subsequently, students pass through 3 years of middle school. There are 11 middle schools in Tongyeong. High-school education, which lasts for three years, is not compulsory, but the most students do attend and graduate from high school. Tongyeong is home to 5 high schools.[6] The College of Marine Science at Gyeongsang National University (GNU) is a branch campus in Tongyeong, specializing in marine-related studies.[10] Its predecessor was Tongyeong Marine College, the successor of Gyeongnam Susan Jeonseupso (경남수산전습소) founded in 1917. The college was integrated into Gyeongsang National University in 1994.[6]

Geography
Aerial photo of Tongyeong.

Tongyeong is situated in the southern tip of Goseong peninsula and its three sides are surrounded by the sea. It consists of 41 inhabited and 110 uninhabited islands. Tongyeong Port, the east gate of Hallyeo Marine National Park, is referred to as the most beautiful port in South Korea.[11]

The geography consists of low mountains crossing over the south to the north on the Goseong peninsula. The mountain range stretches out from Byeokbang mountain (650 m) on the boundary of northern Goseong county (Goseong-gun) to the south, encompassing Cheongae mountain (525 m), Baral mountain (261 m), Jeseokbong peak (279 m) and Yongha mountain (461 m) on Mireukdo island.[12]

As Tongyeong is influenced by East Korea Warm Current, it has a mild oceanic climate during the whole year. The city is the warmest region in South Gyeongsang province, with the average annual temperature at 14.7 °C (58 °F). The coldest month is January, with an average temperature of 2.5 °C while the hottest month is August, with the average temperature of 25.7 °C. The average range of temperature is narrow. Plants growing in the city show characters of the warm temperate zone such as Cryptomeria, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Pinus thunbergii, Paulownia coreana, Pitch Pine, bamboo, camellia, and palm trees.[11][12]

The average annual rainfall is 1,397 millimeters, so Tongyeong is classified as one of places in South Korea that have a lot of rain.[12]

Climate
Climate data for Tongyeong (1981–2010, extremes 1967–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.4
(65.1)		 19.0
(66.2)		 21.8
(71.2)		 26.7
(80.1)		 30.7
(87.3)		 30.8
(87.4)		 36.9
(98.4)		 36.2
(97.2)		 33.5
(92.3)		 29.3
(84.7)		 25.2
(77.4)		 19.6
(67.3)		 36.9
(98.4)
Average high °C (°F) 8.1
(46.6)		 10.0
(50.0)		 13.4
(56.1)		 18.0
(64.4)		 21.9
(71.4)		 24.8
(76.6)		 27.6
(81.7)		 29.7
(85.5)		 26.9
(80.4)		 22.6
(72.7)		 16.3
(61.3)		 10.7
(51.3)		 19.2
(66.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 3.1
(37.6)		 4.9
(40.8)		 8.6
(47.5)		 13.4
(56.1)		 17.5
(63.5)		 20.9
(69.6)		 24.4
(75.9)		 26.1
(79.0)		 22.6
(72.7)		 17.6
(63.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 5.5
(41.9)		 14.7
(58.5)
Average low °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6)		 0.7
(33.3)		 4.4
(39.9)		 9.3
(48.7)		 13.9
(57.0)		 17.9
(64.2)		 22.0
(71.6)		 23.4
(74.1)		 19.4
(66.9)		 13.7
(56.7)		 7.0
(44.6)		 1.3
(34.3)		 11.0
(51.8)
Record low °C (°F) −11.2
(11.8)		 −11.6
(11.1)		 −8.9
(16.0)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 6.1
(43.0)		 11.4
(52.5)		 15.6
(60.1)		 15.0
(59.0)		 11.8
(53.2)		 2.7
(36.9)		 −3.8
(25.2)		 −9.3
(15.3)		 −11.6
(11.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 29.8
(1.17)		 40.8
(1.61)		 83.1
(3.27)		 128.3
(5.05)		 180.1
(7.09)		 197.6
(7.78)		 313.5
(12.34)		 225.8
(8.89)		 136.7
(5.38)		 54.2
(2.13)		 39.8
(1.57)		 21.1
(0.83)		 1,450.8
(57.12)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 5.1 5.4 7.9 9.3 9.6 11.0 14.8 11.2 8.5 5.3 5.4 3.9 97.4
Average snowy days 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.9 5.0
Average relative humidity (%) 53.4 54.6 58.4 64.9 72.4 78.9 84.8 80.6 74.3 66.8 61.9 55.0 67.2
Mean monthly sunshine hours 198.8 192.3 201.4 205.9 217.0 174.4 147.2 189.5 170.2 211.0 196.1 206.6 2,310.4
Percent possible sunshine 63.4 62.3 54.3 52.6 50.1 40.2 33.4 45.5 45.7 60.1 63.0 67.6 51.9
Source: Korea Meteorological Administration[13][14][15] (percent sunshine and snowy days)[16]
  • Hallyeo National Marine Park
  • Dongpirang Village
  • Turtle ship replica in Tongyeong Port
  • Hansan Island
  • Tongyeong's famous food Chungmu gimbab
  • Tongyeong islands

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in South Korea

Tongyeong is twinned with:[17]

See also

References
  1. "Tongyeong". Somewhere Street. Japan. 2013. NHK World. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  2. 통영시 (統營市) [Tongyeong] (in Korean). Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-07-16. Nate / Britannica
  3. "Chungmu Gimbap". GN Culture Tour. Archived from the original on January 25, 2013. Retrieved February 6, 2006.
  4. "A City Waiting for Its Daughter Back". Daily NK, September 9, 2011. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  5. Inside Triathlon Docherty Wins Tongyeong Dextro Energy Triathlon - ITU World Championship Series In Sprint Finish. Inside Triathlon May 3, 2009. Accessed on May 9, 2009
  6. 통영시 교육·문화 [Education and culture of Tongyeong] (in Korean). Nate / Britannica. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  7. "Chungmu Kimbab(Rice with Laver) | TongYeong City". www.tongyeong.go.kr. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  8. 동정, 허 (2019-08-22). "통영과 산청 고구마 '맛 배틀' 누가 이길까". 시사저널.
  9. 백운서재 白雲書齋 [Baegun Seojae] (in Korean). Nate / Cultural Heritage Administration. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  10. 경상대학교 해양과학대학에 '해양생물교육연구센터' 건립한다 (in Korean). News Wire. 2006-01-06. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  11. 통영시의 자연환경 [Environment of Tongyeong] (in Korean). Nate / Encyclopedia of Korean Culture. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  12. 통영시 자연환경 [Environment of Tongyeong] (in Korean). Nate / Britannica. Archived from the original on 2011-06-10. Retrieved 2009-09-24.
  13. 평년값자료(1981–2010) 통영(162) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  14. 기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최고기온 (℃) 최고순위, 통영(162) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  15. 기후자료 극값(최대값) 전체년도 일최저기온 (℃) 최고순위, 통영(162) (in Korean). Korea Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  16. "Climatological Normals of Korea" (PDF). Korea Meteorological Administration. 2011. p. 499 and 649. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2017.
  17. "About Tongyeong -> Sister Cities". tongyeong.go.kr. Tongyeong. Retrieved 2020-04-13.

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