Timeline of Sudanese history
This is a timeline of Sudanese history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Sudan and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Sudan. See that the list of governors of pre-independence Sudan and list of heads of state of Sudan.
19th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1881 | Mahdist War: A war began against the United Kingdom and Egypt | |
| 1899 | Sudan fell under the rule of an Anglo-Egyptian condominium. |
20th century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1955 | The rule of the Anglo-Egyptian condominium ended. | |
| First Sudanese Civil War: The war began. | ||
| 1956 | 1 January | Sudan achieved independence. |
| 1958 | General Ibrahim Abboud staged a military coup against the elected government. | |
| 1962 | Civil war spread to southern Sudan with the ascendance of the Anyanya separatist movement. | |
| 1964 | Oct | A revolution overthrew Abboud's regime. |
| 1969 | May | Gaafar Nimeiry led a military coup. |
| 1971 | 1971 Sudanese coup d'état: The leaders of an attempted Communist coup against Nimeiry failed and were executed. | |
| 1972 | The Addis Ababa Agreement (1972), reached between the Sudanese government and the Anyanya, created a self-governing region in the south of the country. | |
| 1978 | Oil was discovered in Bentiu. | |
| 1983 | Second Sudanese Civil War: A war began between government forces and the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) led by John Garang. | |
| Nimeiry introduced sharia. | ||
| 1985 | Nimeiry was deposed and replaced by the Transitional Military Council. | |
| 1986 | Sadiq al-Mahdi became Prime Minister in a coalition government following elections. | |
| 1988 | The Democratic Unionist Party (Sudan) drafted a cease-fire with the SPLA which was not implemented. | |
| 1989 | The government was overthrown in a coup. | |
| 30 June | Omar al-Bashir assumed the office of President. | |
| 1993 | 16 October | Bashir was appointed President. |
| 1995 | Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak blames Sudan for an attempted assassination. | |
| 1998 | 20 August | The Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory was destroyed by United States cruise missiles. |
| 1999 | A state of emergency was declared by President Bashir following a power struggle with Hassan al-Turabi. | |
| Oil exports from Sudan began. | ||
| 2000 | September | The Governor of Khartoum banned women from working in public places. |
| September | President Bashir met the leaders of the National Democratic Alliance (Sudan) for the first time. | |
| December | Bashir was re-elected for a five-year term as President. |
21st century
| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2001 | February | Al-Turabi was arrested for signing a memorandum with the SPLA. |
| March | The United Nations (UN) World Food Programme struggled to feed millions facing starvation. | |
| April | The SPLA threatened to attack foreign oil workers. | |
| June | Peace talks in Nairobi broke down. | |
| July | Egypt and Libya proposed a peace plan for Sudan. | |
| September | The UN lifted sanctions against Sudan. | |
| October | United States Senator John Danforth was appointed Special Envoy to Sudan. | |
| November | The United States imposed sanctions on Sudan. | |
| 2002 | January | A ceasefire was agreed between the government and the SPLA. |
| 20 July | Second Sudanese Civil War: The Machakos Protocol ended the nineteen-year civil war. | |
| 2003 | February | War in Darfur: The war began. |
| 2004 | January | The army moved into Darfur to quell the rebellion, prompting hundreds of thousands of refugees to flee into neighbouring Chad. |
| March | A UN official accused pro-government Janjaweed militias of carrying out systematic killings in Darfur. | |
| September | United States Secretary of State Colin Powell described the Darfur killings as genocide. | |
| 2005 | 9 January | The Comprehensive Peace Agreement was signed between the SPLA and the government. |
| March | The United Nations Security Council authorised sanctions against any violators of the Darfur ceasefire. | |
| June | Al-Turabi was freed. | |
| July | John Garang was sworn in as vice-president. | |
| 1 August | Garang died in a plane crash and was succeeded by Salva Kiir Mayardit. | |
| September | A power-sharing government was established. | |
| October | An autonomous government was formed in southern Sudan. | |
| 2006 | May | The government signed a peace accord with a Darfur rebel group, the Sudan Liberation Movement. |
| October | Jan Pronk, head of the United Nations Mission in Sudan, was expelled from the country. | |
| November | African Union peacekeepers extended their stay in Darfur for a further six months. | |
| 2007 | May | The United States placed fresh sanctions on Sudan. |
| 31 July | United Nations Security Council Resolution 1769 authorised twenty-six thousand peacekeepers for Darfur. | |
| August | 2007 Sudan floods: Floods began. | |
| September | 2007 Sudan floods: The floods ended. | |
| November | Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case: A British teacher was imprisoned for naming a teddy bear Muhammad. |
| On 11th and 15th April 2010 || Southern Sudan Regional Elections: A South Sudanese There was a regional elections in Southern Sudan in which Salva Kiir Mayardit won by 93% of the votes. |}
See also
- Timeline of Khartoum history
References
- "Timeline: Sudan, BBC News". 15 December 2009. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
Bibliography
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "Soudan", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co. – via HathiTrust
- "Sudan". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. p. 401+. ISBN 0203409957.
- Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4.
- Peter Woodward (2011). "Sudan". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. 7. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 387+. ISBN 9789004205567. ISSN 1871-2525.
- Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Chronology". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-7940-9.
- Peter Woodward (2013). "Sudan". In Andreas Mehler; et al. (eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. 9. Koninklijke Brill. p. 398+. ISBN 9789004256002. ISSN 1871-2525.
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