Timeline of Saint Petersburg
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Saint Petersburg, Russia.
17th-18th centuries
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- 1611 – Nyenschantz built by Swedes.
- 1703
- City founded by Tsar Peter the Great
- Cabin of Peter the Great built.
- Artillery museum formed.[1]
- 1709 – Petrischule founded.
- 1710 – Saint Sampson's Church built.
- 1711 – Menshikov Palace opens.
- 1712
- City becomes capital of Russian Empire.
- Winter Palace built.
- 1714
- 1716 – Catholic Church of St. Catherine founded.
- 1718 – Saint Petersburg Police established.
- 1719 – Summer Garden laid out.
- 1720
- Hermitage Bridge opens.
- New Holland Island created.
- 1721 – Ligovsky Canal constructed.
- 1724
- Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences founded.
- Saint Petersburg Mint founded.
- 1725
- Peterhof Palace built (approximate date).
- Death of Peter the Great.
- 1727 – Kunstkamera built.
- 1728 – State capital moves to Moscow from St. Petersburg.
- 1731 – Cadet Corps founded.
- 1733 – Peter and Paul Cathedral built.
- 1736 – Fire.
- 1738 – Imperial Ballet School established.
- 1740
- Peter and Paul Fortress built.
- Mariinsky Ballet founded (approximate date).
- 1744
- Lomonosov Porcelain Factory founded.
- Twelve Collegia built.
- 1748 – Smolensky Lutheran Cemetery opens.
- 1754
- Stroganov Palace built.
- Anichkov Palace built.
- Transfiguration Cathedral built.
- 1756 – Alexandrinsky Theatre founded.
- 1757
- Academy of the Three Noblest Arts founded.
- Vorontsov Palace built.
- 1759 – Page Corps founded.
- 1762 – Winter Palace built.
- 1764
- Hermitage Museum established.
- Institute for Noble Maidens founded.
- 1770
- Foundling Hospital established.[2]
- Moika Palace built.
- 1771 – Chicherin House built.
- 1773
- Mining School established.
- Volkovo Cemetery established.
- 1774 – Roller coaster pavilion built at Oranienbaum.
- 1777 – The Karl Knipper Theatre is founded.
- 1779 – Free Russian Theatre opens.
- 1780
- Saint Andrew's Cathedral consecrated.
- Chesme Church built.
- 1782 – Bronze Horseman monument unveiled.
- 1783
- Russian Imperial Opera Orchestra formed.
- Kamenny Theatre opens.
- 1785
- City Duma established.
- Hermitage Theatre opens.
- Great Gostiny Dvor built.
- Marble Palace built.
19th century
Map of St. Petersburg, 1880s
- 1801
- Friendly Society of Aficionados of Elegance formed.
- Saint Michael's Castle built.
- Tsarina's Meadow renamed Field of Mars.
- 1802 – Saint Petersburg Philharmonia formed.
- 1804 – Petersburg Pedagogical Institute established.
- 1805 – Russian Naval Museum established.
- 1806 – Police Bridge rebuilt.
- 1807 – Constantine Palace built.
- 1808 – Smolny Institute building constructed.
- 1810
- Military Engineering school established.
- Stock Exchange built.
- 1811 – Kazan Cathedral built.
- 1812 – Syn otechestva begins publication.
- 1813 – Red Bridge built.
- 1814
- Imperial Public Library opens.[3]
- Narva Triumphal Arch erected.
- 1818
- Otechestvennye Zapiski begins publication.
- Blue Bridge built.
- Asiatic Museum founded.
- 1819 – Saint Petersburg University formed.
- 1822 – Yelagin Palace built.
- 1823 – Admiralty building rebuilt.
- 1825
- December – Interregnum.
- Decembrist revolt.
- Northern Bee begins publication.
- Mikhailovsky Palace built.
- 1826 – Kamenny Island Theatre building constructed.
- 1829 – General Staff Building constructed.
- 1832 – Zoological Museum established.
- 1833
- Obvodny Canal opens.
- Mikhaylovsky Theatre founded.
- 1834 – Alexander Column unveiled.
- 1835
- Imperial School of Jurisprudence founded.
- Trinity Cathedral built.
- 1836
- Sovremennik begins publication.
- Premiere of Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar.[4]
- 1838 – Moscow Triumphal Gate erected.
- 1839
- Observatory opens.
- Bolshoi Zal built.
- 1842 – Alexander Park established.
- 1844 – Mariinsky Palace built.
- 1848 – Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace expanded.
- 1850 – Blagoveshchensky Bridge built.
- 1851
- Moscow – Saint Petersburg Railway begins operating.
- Nicholaevsky rail terminal opens.
- 1858 – Saint Isaac's Cathedral built.
- 1860 – Mariinsky Theatre opens.
- 1861 – Nicholas Palace and New Michael Palace built.
- 1862
- Saint Petersburg Conservatory founded.
- New Michael Palace built.
- November: Premiere of Verdi's opera La forza del destino.[5]
- 1863 – Pavel Military School established.
- 1866
- Vestnik Evropy begins publication.
- Dostoyevsky's fictional Crime and Punishment published.
- 1867 – Khlebnikov founded.
- 1869 - Population: 667,926.[6]
- 1870 – Riihimäki – Saint Petersburg Railway constructed.
- 1874 - Premiere of Musorgsky's opera Boris Godunov.[7]
- 1876 – School of Technical Drawing founded.
- 1877 – Ciniselli Circus opens.
- 1878 – Bestuzhev Courses and Stieglitz Museum established.
- 1879
- Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography established.
- Nobel Brothers Petroleum Company headquartered in city.
- 1882 – Imperial Music Choir formed.[8]
- 1890 – Saint Petersburg Prison for Solitary Confinement built.
- 1893 - Premiere of Tchaikovsky's Symphony No. 6.[9]
- 1894 – Ves Peterburg directory begins publication.
- 1895 – Russian Museum established.
- 1897 - Population: 1,267,023.
- 1900
- Russian cruiser Aurora launched.
- Suvorov Museum founded.
20th century
1900s–1940s
- 1905
- January – Bloody Sunday.[10]
- October – Saint Petersburg Soviet formed.
- 1907 – Electric trams begin operating.
- 1909 – Na Liteinom Theatre founded.
- 1910 - March: Soyuz Molodyozhi art exhibit held.[11]
- 1913 - Population: 2,318,645.[12]
- 1914 – City renamed "Petrograd."
- 1916
- Grigori Rasputin assassinated.
- Palace Bridge built.
- 1917
- February Revolution begins.[13]
- March – Petrograd Soviet formed.
- July Days.
- August – Golos Truda begins publication.
- October Revolution.
- 1918
- State capital moves to Moscow from Petrograd.
- Osobaya Drammaticheskaya Truppa organized.
- Ioffe Institute established.
- 1920 – Theatrical re-enactment of Storming of the Winter Palace.
- 1921 – Art Culture Museum opens.
- 1922 – Leningrad Young People's Theatre opens.
- 1923 – Russian Museum of Ethnography opens.
- 1924 – City renamed Leningrad.
- 1928 – Circus museum opens.
- 1929 – Young Theatre founded.
- 1931 – Komarov Botanical Institute and Leningrad Radio Orchestra established.
- 1932
- Shosseynaya Airport begins operating.
- Leningrad Union of Soviet Artists and St Petersburg Union of Composers founded.
- Bolshoy Dom built.
- Avrora Cinema active.[14]
- 1934
- Sergey Kirov assassinated.
- Leningrad Secondary Art School established.
- Premiere of Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District.
- 1936
- Arctic and Antarctic Museum opens.
- Memorial Lenin Komsomol Theatre established.
- 1938 – Museum of History and Development of Leningrad established.
- 1941
- Siege of Leningrad begins.
- Road of Life begins operating.
- 1942 – Russian Museum of Military Medicine founded.
- 1944
- Siege of Leningrad ends.
- State Puppet Theatre of Fairy Tales established.
- 1946 – Moskovsky Victory Park opens.
- 1949 – Leningrad Affair.
1950s–1990s
- 1953
- Pavlovsky District becomes part of city.
- Pushkin Museum established.
- 1954 – Levashovo, Pargolovo, and Pesochny become part of city.
- 1955 – Saint Petersburg Metro begins operating.
- 1962 – Saint Petersburg TV Tower constructed.
- 1963 – Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-124 Neva river ditching.
- 1965 - Population: 3,329,000 city; 3,641,000 urban agglomeration.[15]
- 1967 – Museum of Electrical Transport established.
- 1971
- Dostoevsky Museum opens.
- Rimsky-Korsakov Museum established.
- 1974 – Na Fontanke Youth Theatre founded.
- 1981 – Leningrad Rock Club opens.
- 1984
- Teatralnaya laboratoriya founded.
- Sister city relationship established with Los Angeles, United States.[16]
- 1985 - Population: 4,867,000.[17]
- 1987
- Na Neve Theatre opens.
- Zazerkalie (theatre) opens.
- 1988 – Xenia of Saint Petersburg canonized.
- 1989
- Komedianty Theatre founded.
- Akhmatova Museum opens.
- 1990 – Ostrov Theatre opens.
- 1991
- City renamed Saint Petersburg.
- Flag design adopted.
- Anatoly Aleksandrovich Sobchak becomes mayor.
- 1993 – Tunnel nightclub opens.
- 1994
- Legislative Assembly of Saint Petersburg formed.
- St Petersburg Ballet Theatre founded.
- 1996 – Vladimir Anatolyevich Yakovlev becomes city governor.
- 1997 – Toy Museum established.
- 1998
- Politician Galina Starovoytova assassinated.
- Nabokov Museum opens.
- 2000 – City designated administrative center of Northwestern Federal District.
21st century
- 2003
- Aleksandr Dmitriyevich Beglov becomes city governor, succeeded by Valentina Ivanovna Matvienko.
- Peter & Paul Jazz Festival begins.
- Museum of Optical Technologies opens.
- 2004
- Big Obukhovsky Bridge opens.
- Sergey Kuryokhin Center for Modern Art established.
- 2005 – Gas incident.
- 2006 – 32nd G8 summit held.
- 2007 – Dissenters' March.[18]
- 2008 – Side by Side (film festival) begins.
- 2009 – Gallery of Contemporary Sculpture and Plastic Arts opens.
- 2010
- Yota Space art festival begins.
- Erarta art museum established.
- 2011
- Georgy Sergeyevich Poltavchenko becomes city governor.
- Saint Petersburg Dam inaugurated.
- Saint Petersburg Ring Road opens.
- St. Petersburg International Legal Forum begins.
- 2013 – September: 2013 G-20 Saint Petersburg summit.
See also
- History of Saint Petersburg
- Governor of Saint Petersburg
- Floods in Saint Petersburg
- List of theatres in Saint Petersburg
- Timelines of other cities in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia: Kaliningrad, Pskov
- Disambiguation pages
- Convention of St Petersburg (disambiguation)
- Saint Petersburg Declaration (disambiguation)
- Treaty of Saint Petersburg (disambiguation)
References
- Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer and Signal Corps. "History of museum". St. Petersburg. Archived from the original on July 31, 2013. Retrieved July 28, 2012.
- W. Pembroke Fetridge (1874), "St. Petersburg", Harper's Hand-Book for Travellers in Europe and the East, New York: Harper & Brothers
- "Leading Libraries of the World: Russia and Finland". American Library Annual. New York: R.R. Bowker Co. 1916. pp. 477–478.
- Radio 3. "Opera Timeline". BBC. Retrieved March 30, 2015.
- Roger Parker, ed. (2001). Oxford Illustrated History of Opera. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-285445-2.
- "Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1880. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590436.
- "Timeline of opera", Oxford Music Online, Oxford University Press, retrieved March 30, 2015
- Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. p. 275. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
- Claude Egerton Lowe (1896). "Chronological Summary of the Chief Events in the History of Music". Chronological Cyclopædia of Musicians and Musical Events. London: Weekes & Co.
- Chris Cook; John Stevenson (2003). "Russian Revolution (chronology)". Longman Handbook of Twentieth Century Europe. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-89224-3.
- Chris Michaelides, ed. (2007). "Chronology of the European Avant Garde, 1900─1937". Breaking the Rules: The Printed Face of the European Avant Garde 1900-1937. Online Exhibitions. British Library.
- "Russia: Principal Towns: European Russia". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440.
- "On This Day", New York Times, retrieved November 30, 2014
- "Movie Theaters in St. Petersburg". CinemaTreasures.org. Los Angeles: Cinema Treasures LLC. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
- "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966.
Leningrad
- "Sister Cities of Los Angeles". USA: City of Los Angeles. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
- United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1987). "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1985 Demographic Yearbook. New York. pp. 247–289.
- "Russia Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved September 6, 2013.
Bibliography
Published in 18th-19th centuries
- Joseph Marshall (1773), "Petersburg", Travels through Holland, Flanders, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Lapland, Russia, the Ukraine & Poland in the years 1768, 1769, & 1770 (2nd ed.), London: Printed for J. Almon
- William Coxe (1784), "Petersburgh", Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden and Denmark, London: Printed by J. Nichols, for T. Cadell, OCLC 654136
- Conrad Malte-Brun (1827), "Petersburg", Universal Geography, 6, Edinburgh: Adam Black
- Josiah Conder (1830), "St. Petersburgh", Russia, The Modern Traveller, 17, London: J.Duncan
- David Brewster, ed. (1832). "St. Petersburg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. 15. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t0gt5vw9n.
- Francis Coghlan (1834). Guide to St. Petersburgh and Moscow. London.
- John Thomson (1845), "St. Petersburg", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
- "St. Petersburg". Hand-book for Travellers in Russia, Poland, and Finland (2nd ed.). London: John Murray. 1868.
- John Ramsay McCulloch (1880), "Petersburg", in Hugh G. Reid (ed.), A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical and Historical of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, London: Longmans, Green, and Co.
- Maturin Murray Ballou (1887), "(St. Petersburg)", Due North; or, Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia, Boston: Ticknor and Company
Published in 20th century
- Annette M.B. Meakin (1906). "St. Petersburg". Russia, Travels and Studies. London: Hurst and Blackett. OCLC 3664651.
- "St. Petersburg", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "St. Petersburg", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co.
- Ruth Kedzie Wood (1912), "The Capital", The Tourist's Russia, New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, OCLC 526774
- Nevin O. Winter (1913). "The Capital". Russian Empire of To-day and Yesterday. Boston: L. C. Page.
- "St. Petersburg", Russia, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914, OCLC 1328163
- Francis Whiting Halsey, ed. (1914). "St. Petersburg". Russia, Scandinavia, and the Southeast. Seeing Europe with Famous Authors. 10. Funk & Wagnalls Company – via Hathi Trust.
- Harold Whitmore Williams (1915), "In the Chief City", Russia of the Russians, New York: C. Scribner's Sons
- James William Barnes Steveni (1916), Petrograd, Past and Present, Philadelphia: Lippincott, OCLC 2399981, OL 14034111M
- Ian M. Matley (1981). "Defense Manufactures of St. Petersburg 1703–1730" (PDF). Geographical Review. 71 (4): 411–426. doi:10.2307/214506. JSTOR 214506.
- "Russia: St. Petersburg", Europe, Let's Go, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1999, p. 757+, OL 15158051W
- "St Petersburg", Scandinavian & Baltic Europe (4th ed.), Lonely Planet, 1999, p. 438+, OL 8314793M
- Olga Gritsai and Herman van der Wusten (2000). "Moscow and St. Petersburg, a sequence of capitals, a tale of two cities". GeoJournal. 51 (1/2): 33–45. doi:10.1023/A:1010849220006. JSTOR 41147495.
- Duncan Fallowell, One Hot Summer in St Petersburg (London, Jonathan Cape, 1994)
Published in 21st century
- Julie A. Buckler. Mapping St. Petersburg: Imperial Text and Cityshape. 2005
- George E. Munro. The Most Intentional City: St. Petersburg in the Reign of Catherine the Great. Madison: Farleigh Dickinson University Press, 2008
- Veli-Pekka Tynkkynen (2009). "Planning rationalities among practitioners in St. Petersburg, Russia: Soviet traditions and Western influences". In Jörg Knieling and Frank Othengrafen (ed.). Planning Cultures in Europe: Decoding Cultural Phenomena in Urban and Regional Planning. Ashgate. ISBN 978-0-7546-7565-5.
- Paul Keenan. St Petersburg and the Russian Court, 1703–1761. 2013
- Charles Emerson, 1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War (2013) compares it to 20 major world cities on the eve of World War I; pp 110–132.
- Catriona Kelly. St Petersburg: Shadows of the Past. 2014
- Steven Maddox. Saving Stalin's Imperial City: Historic Preservation in Leningrad. 2014
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