Tammuz (Hebrew month)
Tammuz (Hebrew: תַּמּוּז: Standard Tammuz, Tiberian Tammûz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the Assyrian calendar. It is a boreal summer month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.
← Sivan Tammuz (תַּמּוּז) Av → | ||||
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Tammuz is the month of the sin of the golden calf, which resulted in Moses breaking the Ten Commandments. | ||||
Month number: | 4 | |||
Number of days: | 29 | |||
Season: | Summer | |||
Gregorian equivalent: | June–July |
The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Mesopotamian deity Dumuzid.
Holidays in Tammuz
17 Tammuz – Seventeenth of Tammuz – (Fast Day)
- 17 Tammuz is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the Omer from the day following Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva (the 33rd day of the Omer – such as refraining from marriage and haircuts.[1] The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha B'Av (9th of Av).
- Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.
29 Tammuz – Jabotinsky Day
In Jewish history
- 3 Tammuz (circa 1272 BCE) – Joshua stops the sun (Book of Joshua, 10:1–15)
- 3 Tammuz (1927) - The Previous Rebbe was miraculously cleared of the death sentence and of a 10 year sentence to Siberan exile, but was released from the infamous soviet Spalerno prison where he was held for 18 days for disseminating Judaism, and transfered to exile in Kostroma where he was to be held for three years which ended up being less than 10 days as he left on the 13th of Tammuz (see below).
- 3 Tammuz (1994) – Death of Menachem Mendel Schneerson, the Lubavitcher Rebbe
- 4 Tammuz (1171) – Death of Rabbeinu Tam
- 4 Tammuz (1286) – Meir of Rothenburg imprisoned
- 5 Tammuz (circa 592 BCE) – Ezekiel receives his "Chariot" vision (Book of Ezekiel, 1:4–26)
- 6 Tammuz (1976) – Operation Entebbe
- 9 Tammuz (circa 586 BCE) – Jerusalem walls breached by Nebuchadnezzar II, a date observed as a fast day until the second breaching of Jerusalem's walls by the Roman Empire on the 17th of Tammuz (70 CE)[2]
- 12-13 Tammuz (1927) Liberation of the Previous Rebbe from soviet exile in Kostroma.
- 14 Tammuz [1974] - Death of Amin al-Husseini
- 15 Tammuz (1743) – Death of Chaim ibn Attar
- 17 Tammuz (circa 1312 BCE) – golden calf offered by the Jewish people, 40 days after the giving of the Torah at Har Sinai. This is the first of the 5 national tragedies mourned on this day.
- 17 Tammuz (circa 1312 BCE) – Smashing of the first Tablets by Moses.
- 17 Tammuz (circa 586 BCE) – The korban in Solomon's Temple were discontinued.
- 17 Tammuz (70) – Walls of Jerusalem breached by the Roman army.
- 17 Tammuz The Roman general Apostomus burned the Torah and placed an idol in the Second Temple.
- 21 Tammuz (1636) – Death of the Kabbalist Baal Shem Elijah Loans, grandson of Johanan Luria and Josel of Rosheim, and author of the Miklol Yofi (Amsterdam, 1695) commentary on Ecclesiastes.
- 22 Tammuz (1792) – Death of Shlomo Karlin
- 23 Tammuz (1570) – Death of Moses ben Jacob Cordovero
- 28 Tammuz (1841) – Death of Moshe Teitelbaum (Ujhel)
- 29 Tammuz (150) – Death of Johanan HaSandlar
- 29 Tammuz (1105) – Death of Rashi
- 29 Tammuz (1940) – Death of Ze'ev Jabotinsky
In fiction
- In the story of Xenogears, Tammuz is the name of a country, named after the Hebrew month. In the official Japanese version translation, however, it was transliterated Tamuzu. This was later further changed by the translation process to "Thames" for the English version.
See also
- "Tammūz" (Arabic: ﺗﻤﻮﺯ), is also the name for the month of July in Iraq, the Levant and Turkey ("Temmuz" in Turkish). In Syriac it is ܬܡܘܙ. In Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, the 2006 Lebanon War is generally known as حرب تموز Ḥarb Tammūz (i.e. the July War), following the Arab custom of naming the Arab-Israeli wars after months or years.
References
- Ullman, Yirmiyahu. "Laws of the Three Weeks". Ohr Somayach. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
- This is according to the Talmud, Rosh Hashanah and Tur Orach Chaim 549. However, Karaite Jews continue to observe the fast on Tammuz 9.
External links
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