Statue of Unity

The Statue of Unity is a colossal statue of Indian statesman and independence activist Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel (1875–1950), who was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home minister of independent India and adherent of Mahatma Gandhi during the non-violent Indian Independence movement. Patel was highly respected for his leadership in uniting 562 princely states of India with a major part of the former British Raj to form the single Union of India. The statue is located in the state of Gujarat, India. It is the world's tallest statue with a height of 182 metres (597 ft). It is located on a river facing the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the river Narmada in the Kevadiya colony, 100 kilometres (62 mi) southeast of the city of Vadodara[3] and 150 kilometres (93 mi) from Surat.

Statue of Unity
Location of the Statue of Unity in Gujarat
Statue of Unity (India)
Coordinates21.8380°N 73.7191°E / 21.8380; 73.7191
LocationNarmada Valley Kevadiya colony, Narmada district, Gujarat, India
DesignerRam V. Sutar
TypeStatue
MaterialSteel framing, reinforced by concrete and brass coating, bronze cladding[1]
Height182 metres (597 ft)
Visitors2.8 million[2] (in 2018-19)
Beginning date31 October 2013 (2013-10-31)
Completion date30 October 2018
Opening date31 October 2018
Dedicated toSardar Vallabhbhai Patel
Websitestatueofunity.in

The project was first announced in 2010 and the construction of the statue started in October 2013 by Larsen & Toubro, with a total construction cost of Rs 2,989 crores (29.89 billion rupees; USD $459 million).[4] It was designed by Indian sculptor Ram V. Sutar, and was inaugurated by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 31 October 2018, the 143rd anniversary of Patel's birth.[5]

History

Narendra Modi first announced the project to commemorate Vallabhbhai Patel on 7 October 2013 at a press conference to mark the beginning of his 10th year as The Chief Minister of Gujarat. At the time, the project was dubbed, "Gujarat's tribute to the nation".[6]

A separate Society named Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Rashtriya Ekta Trust (SVPRET) has been formed under the Chairmanship of Chief Minister, Government of Gujarat, to ensure seamless execution of the entire project.[6][7]

An outreach drive named the Statue of Unity Movement was started to support the construction of the statue. It helped collect the iron needed for the statue by asking farmers to donate their used farming instruments.[6][8] By 2016, total 135 metric tonnes of scrap iron had been collected and about 109 tonnes of it was used to make the foundation of the statue after processing.[9] A marathon entitled Run For Unity was held on 15 December 2013 in Surat and in Vadodara in support of the project.[10]

Design and construction
Vallabhbhai Patel was one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and responsible for the unification of 562 princely states to form the modern political boundary of India.[11]

Design

The statue depicts Vallabhbhai Patel, one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement, the first home minister as well as the first Deputy Prime Minister of Independent India, and responsible for the integration of hundreds of princely states into the modern Republic of India.

The Statue of Unity is an enlarged version of this statue in the Ahmedabad International Airport.

After studying numerous statues of Patel across the country, a team of historians, artists, and academics chose to proceed with a design submitted by the Indian sculptor, Ram V. Sutar.[lower-alpha 1] The Statue of Unity is a much larger replica of a statue of the leader installed at Ahmedabad International Airport. Commenting on the design, Ram Sutar's son, Anil Sutar, explains that "the expression, posture and pose justify the dignity, confidence, iron will as well as kindness that his personality exudes. The head is up, a shawl flung from shoulders and hands are on the side as if he is set to walk". Three models of the design measuring 3 feet (0.91 m), 18 feet (5.5 m), and 30 feet (9.1 m) were initially created. Once the design of the largest model was approved, a detailed 3D-scan was produced which formed the basis for the bronze cladding cast in a foundry in China.[13][9]

Patel's dhoti-clad legs and the use of sandals for footwear rendered the design thinner at the base than at the top thereby affecting its stability. This was addressed by maintaining a slenderness ratio of 16:19 rather than the customary 8:14 ratio of other tall buildings.[9] The statue is built to withstand winds of up to 180 kilometres per hour (110 mph) and earthquakes measuring 6.5 on the Richter scale which are at a depth of 10 km and within a radius of 12 km of the statue. This is aided by the use of two 250-tonne tuned mass dampers which ensure maximum stability.[1][9]

The total height of the structure is 240 m (790 ft), with a base of 58 m (190 ft) and the statue of 182 m (597 ft).[1] The height of 182 was specifically chosen to match the number of seats in the Gujarat Legislative Assembly.[6][9]

Funding

The Statue of Unity was built by Public Private Partnership model, with most of the money raised by the Government of Gujarat. The Gujarat state government had allotted ₹500 crore (equivalent to ₹607 crore or US$85 million in 2019) for the project in the budget from 2012 to 2015.[14][15] In the 2014–15 Union Budget, ₹200 crore (equivalent to ₹257 crore or US$36 million in 2019) were allocated for the construction of the statue.[16][17][18] Funds were also contributed by Public Sector Undertakings under Corporate Social Responsibility scheme.[19]

Construction
The statue under construction in January 2018
Approximate heights of various notable statues:
1. Statue of Unity 240 m (790 ft) (incl. 58 m (190 ft) base)
2. Spring Temple Buddha 153 m (502 ft) (incl. 25 m (82 ft) pedestal and 20 m (66 ft) throne)
3. Statue of Liberty 93 m (305 ft) (incl. 47 m (154 ft) pedestal)
4. The Motherland Calls 87 m (285 ft) (incl. 2 m (6 ft 7 in) pedestal)
5. Christ the Redeemer 38 m (125 ft) (incl. 8 m (26 ft) pedestal)
6. Michelangelo's David 5.17 m (17.0 ft) (excl. 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) plinth)

A consortium comprising Turner Construction, Michael Graves and Associates and the Meinhardt Group supervised the project. It took 57 months to complete – 15 months for planning, 40 months for construction and 2 months for handing over by the consortium.[20] The total cost of the project was estimated to be about ₹2,063 crore (equivalent to ₹27 billion or US$370 million in 2019) by the government.[14] The tender bids for the first phase were invited in October 2013 and were closed in November 2013.[21]

Narendra Modi, then serving as the Chief Minister of Gujarat, laid the statue's foundation stone on 31 October 2013, the 138th anniversary of Patel's birth.[22][23]

Indian infrastructure company Larsen & Toubro won the contract on 27 October 2014 for its lowest bid of ₹2,989 crore (equivalent to ₹38 billion or US$540 million in 2019) for the design, construction and maintenance.[24][25] They commenced the construction on 31 October 2014. In the first phase of the project, ₹1,347 crore were for the main statue, ₹235 crore for the exhibition hall and convention centre, ₹83 crore for the bridge connecting the memorial to the mainland and ₹657 crore for the maintenance of the structure for 15 years after its completion.[24][25] The Sadhu Bet hillock was flattened from 70 to 55 metres to lay the foundation.[9]

L&T employed over 3000 workers and 250 engineers in the statue's construction. The core of the statue used 210,000 cubic metres (7,400,000 cu ft) of cement concrete, 6500 tonnes of structural steel, and 18500 tonnes of reinforced steel. The outer façade is made up of 1700 tonnes of bronze plates and 1850 tonnes of bronze cladding which in turn consist of 565 macro and 6000 micro panels. The bronze panels were cast in Jiangxi Tongqing Metal Handicrafts Co. Ltd (the TQ Art foundry) in China as large enough facilities were unavailable in India.[26][27][9] The bronze panels were transported over sea and then by road to the workshop near the construction site where they were assembled.[9]

Local tribals belonging to the Tadvi tribe opposed land acquisition for the development of tourism infrastructure around the statue.[28] They have been offered cash and land compensation, and have been provided jobs. People of Kevadia, Kothi, Waghodia, Limbdi, Navagam, and Gora villages opposed the construction of the statue and demanded the restitution of the land rights over 375 hectares (927 acres) of land acquired earlier for the dam as well as the formation of new Garudeshwar subdistrict. They also opposed the formation of Kevadia Area Development Authority (KADA) and the construction of Garudeshwar weir-cum-causeway project. The government of Gujarat accepted their demands.[29]

Construction of the monument was completed in mid-October 2018; and the inaugural ceremony was held on 31 October 2018 (143rd birth anniversary of Vallabhbhai Patel), presided over by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.[30][31] The statue has been described as a tribute to Indian engineering skills.[32]

Features
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the museum within the complex.

The Statue of Unity is the world's tallest statue at 182 metres (597 ft). It rises 54 metres (177 ft) higher than the previous record holder, the Spring Temple Buddha in China's Henan province.[33] The previous tallest statue in India was the 41 m (135 ft) statue of Hanuman at the Paritala Anjaneya Temple near Vijayawada in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The statue can be seen within a 7 km (4.3 mi) radius.[9]

The monument is constructed on a river island named Sadhu Bet, 3.2 km (2.0 mi) away from and facing the Narmada Dam downstream.[1] The statue and its surroundings occupy more than 2 hectares (4.9 acres), and are surrounded by a 12 km (7.5 mi) long artificial lake formed by the Garudeshwar weir downstream on the Narmada river.[34][9]

The statue is divided into five zones of which only three are accessible to the public. From its base to the level of Patel's shins is the first zone which has three levels and includes an exhibition area, mezzanine and roof. Zone 1 contains a memorial garden and a museum. The second zone reaches up to Patel's thighs, while the third extends up to the viewing gallery at 153 metres. Zone 4 is the maintenance area while the final zone comprises the head and shoulders of the statue.[35][9]

The museum in zone 1 catalogues the life of Sardar Patel and his contributions. An adjoining audio-visual gallery provides a 15-minute presentation on Patel and also describes the tribal culture of the state.[9] The concrete towers which form the statue's legs contain two elevators each. Each lift can carry 26 people at a time to the viewing gallery in just over 30 seconds. The gallery is located at a height of 153 metres (502 ft) and can hold up to 200 people.[36][37]

Tourism

Over 128,000 tourists visited it in 11 days after it was opened to the public on 1 November 2018.[38] The daily average tourist footfall at Statue of Unity during November 2019 reached 15,036, outpacing Statue of Liberty (which attracts around 10,000 daily visitors on average).[39] It has been included in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s ‘8 Wonders of SCO’ list.[40]

Images
  • Statue of Unity, as dedicated on 31 October 2018.
  • Statue of Unity, as seen from the highway.
  • Statue of Unity, as seen across the lawns.
  • Statue of Unity, seen from the paved approach walkway.
  • View from the opposite bank or river Narmada.
  • Upper portion of the statue. Viewing gallery at a height of 130m is also seen.
  • Statue of Unity sign board across the river.

See also

Notes
  1. According to a senior Sardar Sarovar Narmada Nigam Limited (SSNL) official, the Gujarat government initially hired an American consultant who commissioned sculptor Joseph Menna to create the Statue of Unity's first digital proof-of-the-concept model. However, once they realised that Menna's model was an adaptation of Ram Sutar's statue of Patel at Ahmedabad airport, the government directed L&T to avail the services of Sutar himself.[12]

References
  1. "Gujarat: Sardar Patel statue to be twice the size of Statue of Liberty". CNN-IBN. 30 October 2013. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  2. Oct 23, Kapil Dave=TNN Updated; 2019; Ist, 10:36. "In 11 months, Statue of Unity got 26 lakh visitors Ahmedabad News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 22 January 2020.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  3. "Gujarat". The Times of India. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  4. "Statue of Unity: World's tallest statue constructed in record 33 months". The Economic Times. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 26 January 2020.
  5. "PM Unveils Sardar Patel's 2,900-Crore Statue of Unity Today: 10 Facts". MSN. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  6. "For iron to build Sardar Patel statue, Modi goes to farmers". The Indian Express. 8 July 2013. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  7. "Statue of Unity". statueofunity.in. Archived from the original on 25 April 2019. Retrieved 7 June 2019.
  8. "Pan-India panel for Modi's unity show in iron". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 18 November 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2013.
  9. Raja, Aditi (23 September 2018). "Iron Man 2.0". The Indian Express. Retrieved 16 November 2018.
  10. "Large number of people run for unity". ToI. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  11. Menon, V.P. (15 September 1955). Integration of the Indian States. Bangalore: Orient Blackswan. ISBN 8125054510.
  12. John, Paul (30 October 2016). "Iron man statue is outsourcing magnet". The Times of India. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  13. Dave, Hiral (14 October 2018). "Behind the making of Statue of Unity". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  14. "Gujarat's Statue of Unity to cost Rs 25 billion". Daily News and Analysis. 8 June 2012. Archived from the original on 11 June 2012. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  15. "L&T to build Statue of Unity, Centre grants Rs 200 crore". The Indian Express. 11 July 2014. Archived from the original on 15 August 2014. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
  16. "Statue of Unity gets ₹200 crore". The Hindu. 10 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  17. "India's new budget includes $33 million to build the world's tallest statue". The Washington Post. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original on 10 July 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014.
  18. "India's Modi budgets $33 million to help build world's tallest statue". Reuters. 10 July 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 July 2014.
  19. "Fact Check: Who funded the tallest statue of the world?", India Today, 9 November 2018
  20. "Burj Khalifa consultant firm gets Statue of Unity contract". The Times of India. TNN. 22 August 2012. Archived from the original on 27 July 2013. Retrieved 28 March 2013.
  21. "First phase of 'Statue of Unity' to cost Rs 2,063 cr". Business Standard. 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 29 October 2013.
  22. "India's Narendra Modi lays foundation stone for 'world's tallest statue'". BBC News. 31 October 2013. Retrieved 10 November 2018.
  23. "Ground gets set for Statue of Unity". The Indian Express. 11 October 2013. Archived from the original on 30 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
  24. "L&T to build Statue of Unity, Centre grants Rs 200 crores". The Indian Express. 11 July 2014. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  25. "Gujarat govt issues Rs 2,97-cr work order to L&T for Statue of Unity". Business Standard. 28 October 2014. Archived from the original on 27 October 2014. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
  26. "Sardar Patel's Statue of Unity inauguration today: World's tallest statue is an engineering marvel". Live Mint. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  27. "Statue of Unity to be unveiled in Gujarat on Wednesday". The Economic Times. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  28. "Indian farmers fume at 430m dollars cost of Gujarat statue". BBC News. 28 October 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2018.
  29. "Statue of Unity: Govt bows to villagers' demands". The Times of India. TNN. 28 October 2013. Archived from the original on 1 November 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
  30. "Statue of Unity ready for inauguration on October 31: 10 interesting facts about world's tallest statue". The Financial Express. 13 October 2018. Archived from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.
  31. "PM Modi to unveil Statue of Unity on Oct 31: Rupani". Archived from the original on 1 August 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  32. "Statue of Unity is also a tribute to Indian engineering skills". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 28 October 2018. Retrieved 31 October 2018.
  33. Doshi, Vidhi (29 October 2018). "Four times as tall as the Statue of Liberty: India's new monument to its 'Iron Man'". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  34. S Rangan, Pavithra (26 January 2015). "Big Man, Little Folks". Outlook.
  35. "Statue of Unity: Salient features of the world's 'tallest statue'". The Hindu. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 9 November 2018.
  36. "All you need to know about Sardar Patel Statue of Unity dial 9099799555". India Today. 31 October 2018. Retrieved 7 November 2018.
  37. "Nearby top attraction at Statue of Unity]".
  38. "In 11 Days, More than 1.28 Lakh Tourists Visit Statue Of Unity". NDTV.com. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  39. Bureau, Our. "Statue of Unity gets more visitors daily than Statue of Liberty: SSNNL". @businessline. Retrieved 22 December 2019.
  40. ANI (13 January 2020). "Statue of Unity finds place in '8 Wonders of SCO'". Business Standard India. Retrieved 15 January 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.