Solidago gigantea

Solidago gigantea is a North American plant species in the sunflower family.[3] Its common names include tall goldenrod[4] and giant goldenrod,[5] among others. It is a widespread species known from most of non-arctic North America east of the Rocky Mountains. It has been reported from every state and province from Alberta to Nova Scotia to Florida to Texas, and also from the state of Nuevo León in northeastern Mexico.[6][7] Solidago gigantea is a herb up to 200 cm (80 inches) tall, sometimes spreading by means of underground rhizomes. They often grow in clumps, with no leaves at the base but numerous leaves on the stem. At the top, each stem produces a sizable array of many small flower heads, sometimes several hundred. Each head is yellow, containing both disc florets and ray florets.[4]

Solidago gigantea
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Asterids
Order:
Asterales
Family:
Asteraceae
Genus:
Solidago
Species:
S. gigantea
Binomial name
Solidago gigantea
Ait.
Synonyms[1][2]

Solidago gigantea is found in a wide variety of natural habitats, although it is restricted to areas with at least seasonally moist soils.[4][8]

Solidago gigantea is the state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska.[9]

  • Detail of inflorescence

Environmental impact

Solidago gigantea is highly invasive throughout Europe and Asia.[10] In its non-native range, it exerts a negative impact on native communities by decreasing species richness and diversity, apparently due to its intense competitive effects,[11] rapid growth[12] or polyploidization.[13] In the non-native, European range several management option are applied, such as periodical flooding, mowing, mulching, grazing or herbicide to reduce the negative impact of the species on native biodiversity.[14]

References
  1. "Solidago gigantea". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden.
  2. "Solidago gigantea". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List.
  3. Aiton, Hortus Kewensis 3: 211. 1789.
  4. Semple, John C.; Cook, Rachel E. (2006). "Solidago gigantea". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). 20. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 2014-11-08 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  5. "Solidago gigantea". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
  6. "Solidago gigantea". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
  7. Photo of herbarium specimen collected in Nuevo León, Mexico
  8. Hilty, John (2016). "Solidago gigantea". Illinois Wildflowers.
  9. State of Kentucky
  10. Weber; Jakobs. "Biological flora of central Europe: Solidago gigantea Aiton". Flora. Retrieved 2005. Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  11. Pal, RW; Chen, S; Nagy, DU; Callaway, RM. "Impacts of Solidago gigantea on other species at home and away". Springer. Retrieved 28 August 2015.
  12. Jakobs, G; Weber, E; Edwards, PJ. "Introduced plants of the invasive Solidago gigantea (Asteraceae) are larger and grow denser than conspecifics in the native range". Diversity and Distribution. Retrieved 6 January 2004.
  13. Nagy, DU; Stranczinger, S; Godi, A; Weisz, A; Rosche, C; Suda, J; Mariano, M; Pal, RW. "Does higher ploidy level increase the risk of invasion? A case study with two geo-cytotypes of Solidago gigantea Aiton (Asteraceae)". Journal of Plant Ecology. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
  14. Nagy, DU; Rauschert, ESJ; Henn, T; Cianfaglione, K; Stranczinger, S; Pal, RW. "The more we do, the less we gain? Balancing effort and efficacy in managing the Solidago gigantea invasion". Weed Research. Retrieved 3 April 2020.


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