Si'um

*Si'um*
𒋛𒅇𒌝
Si'um; 𒋛𒅇𒌝
	King of Sumer
	A Gutian inscription dated c. 2130 BCE. Lugalanatum prince of Umma ... built the E.GIDRU [Sceptre] Temple at Umma, buried his foundation deposit [and] regulated the orders. At that time, Siium was king of Gutum [or Qutum]." (Collection of the Louvre Museum.)
Reign	fl. late 3rd millennium BCE
Predecessor	Yarlaganda
Successor	Tirigan
House	Gutian Dynasty of Sumer

Si'um, also Siium, or Sium (𒋛𒅇𒌝, si-u-um, fl. late 3rd millennium BCE) was the 18th Gutian ruler of the Gutian Dynasty of Sumer mentioned on the "Sumerian King List" (SKL). According to the SKL: Si'um was the successor of Yarlaganda. Sium was the last king of the Gutians before Tirigan (likewise according to the SKL).[1]

A tablet is known, dated to c. 2130 BCE, mentioning the allegiance of Lugalanatum prince of Umma to Sium, King of the Gutians.[2]

Name "Si-u-um" on the tablet, and corresponding standard Sumero-Akkadian cuneiform
Mention of the Gutian dynasty of Sumer in the tablet (last column: 𒄖𒋾𒌝𒆠, gu-ti-um^KI)

Preceded by Yarlaganda	*King of Sumer* fl. late 3rd millennium BCE	Succeeded by Tirigan

References

"However, the last three Royal names of the Guti dynasty are again not Semitic. The last two among them are Sium and Tirikkan (Jacobsen, 1939)." in Moisheson, Boris (2001). Armenoids in Prehistory. University Press of America. p. 141. ISBN 9780761817802.
"From a text recently found at Jokha we also know that Lugal-annatum, patesi of Umma, Lugalanatum patesi of Umma, owed allegiance to Sium, King of Guti" Chisholm, Hugh (1913). The Britannica Year Book. Encyclopœdia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 259.

Ancient Syria and Mesopotamia
	Syria			Northern Mesopotamia	Southern Mesopotamia
c. 3500–2350 BCE	Semitic nomads				Sumerian city-states
c. 2350–2200 BCE	Akkadian Empire
c. 2200–2100 BCE	Gutians
c. 2100–2000 BCE	Third Dynasty of Ur (Sumerian Renaissance)
c. 2000–1800 BCE	Mari and other Amorite city-states			Old Assyrian Empire (Northern Akkadians)	Isin/Larsa and other Amorite city-states
c. 1800–1600 BCE	Old Hittite Kingdom		Old Babylonian Empire (Southern Akkadians)
c. 1600–1400 BCE	Mitanni (Hurrians)				Karduniaš (Kassites)
c. 1400–1200 BCE	Middle Hittite Kingdom			Middle Assyria
c. 1200–1150 BCE	Bronze Age Collapse ("Sea Peoples")		Arameans	Middle Assyria
c. 1150–911 BCE	Phoenicia	Neo-Hittite city-states	Aram- Damascus	Arameans	Middle Babylonia	Chal- de- ans
911–729 BCE	Phoenicia	Neo-Hittite city-states	Aram- Damascus	Neo-Assyrian Empire	Middle Babylonia
729–609 BCE				Neo-Assyrian Empire
626–539 BCE	Neo-Babylonian Empire (Chaldeans)
539–331 BCE	Achaemenid Empire
336–301 BCE	Macedonian Empire (Ancient Greeks and Macedonians)
311–129 BCE	Seleucid Empire
129–63 BCE	Seleucid Empire			Parthian Empire
63 BCE–243 CE	Roman Empire/Byzantine Empire (Syria)			Parthian Empire
243–636 CE				Sassanid Empire

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[1] "However, the last three Royal names of the Guti dynasty are again not Semitic. The last two among them are Sium and Tirikkan (Jacobsen, 1939)." in Moisheson, Boris (2001). Armenoids in Prehistory. University Press of America. p. 141. ISBN 9780761817802.

[HC-2] "From a text recently found at Jokha we also know that Lugal-annatum, patesi of Umma, Lugalanatum patesi of Umma, owed allegiance to Sium, King of Guti" Chisholm, Hugh (1913). The Britannica Year Book. Encyclopœdia Britannica Company, Limited. p. 259.

[3] According to the Sumerian King List, the First Dynasty of Ur was finally defeated, and power went to the Elamite Awan dynasty. "Then Urim was defeated and the kingship was taken to Awan." in Kriwaczek, Paul (2014). Babylon: Mesopotamia and the Birth of Civilization. Atlantic Books. p. 136. ISBN 9781782395676.

Si'um

See also

References