Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce, OD (née Fraser, born December 27, 1986) is a Jamaican track and field sprinter. Born and raised in Kingston, Jamaica, she rose to prominence at the 2008 Olympics after becoming the first Caribbean woman to win gold in the 100 m.[2] In 2012, she became the third woman in history to successfully defend an Olympic 100 m title.[3][4] After winning bronze in 2016, she also became the first woman in history to win 100 m medals at three consecutive Olympics.[5] In 2017, she took a one-year break from athletics to have her first child.[6][7] At the 2019 World Championships, she became the oldest female sprinter (at age 32)[8] and second mother ever to win 100 m gold at a global championship.[6][9]

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
Fraser-Pryce in 2015
Personal information
NationalityJamaican
Born (1986-12-27) 27 December 1986
Kingston, Jamaica
ResidenceKingston, Jamaica
Height1.52 m (5 ft 0 in)
Weight52 kg (115 lb)
Sport
CountryJamaica
SportTrack and field
Event(s)Sprint
ClubMVP Track & Field Club
Coached byStephen Francis
Achievements and titles
Personal best(s)
  • 60 m: 6.98
  • 100 m: 10.70 =NR
  • 200 m: 22.09[1]
Medal record
Event 1st 2nd 3rd
Olympic Games 2 3 1
World Championships 9 2 0
World Indoor Championships 1 0 0
World Athletics Final 1 1 0
Pan American Games 1 0 0
Commonwealth Games 1 0 0
CARIFTA Games Junior (U20) 1 0 1
CAC Junior Championships (U17) 1 0 0
Total 17 6 2
Women's athletics
Representing  Jamaica
Olympic Games
2008 Beijing100 m
2012 London100 m
2012 London200 m
2012 London4×100 m relay
2016 Rio de Janeiro4×100 m relay
2016 Rio de Janeiro100 m
World Championships
2009 Berlin100 m
2009 Berlin4×100 m relay
2013 Moscow100 m
2013 Moscow200 m
2013 Moscow4×100 m relay
2015 Beijing100 m
2015 Beijing4×100 m relay
2019 Doha100 m
2019 Doha4×100 m relay
2007 Osaka4×100 m relay
2011 Daegu4×100 m relay
World Indoor Championships
2014 Sopot60 m
World Athletics Final
2008 Stuttgart100 m
2009 Thessaloniki100 m
Diamond League
Winner2013100 metres
Winner2013200 metres
Commonwealth Games
2014 Glasgow4×100 m relay
NACAC Championships
2018 Toronto4×100 m relay
Pan American Games
2019 Lima200 m

In addition to her two Olympic 100 m titles, Fraser-Pryce is also the only sprinter in history to become world champion over 100 m four times—2009, 2013, 2015 and 2019.[10][11] The only woman to achieve a "sprint triple" at a single World Championship (gold in the 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 m),[12] she is also the only female sprinter to reign as world champion at 60 m, 100 m, 200 m and 4 × 100 m relay at the same time.[13] Fraser-Pryce is one of the most decorated athletes in World Championship history with 11 medals, including nine gold and two silver. In 2013, she was named World Athlete of the Year.[13]

With over a decade in athletics, Fraser-Pryce has won more global 100 m titles than any other female sprinter in history.[14][11] She has posted the most sub-10.80 s clockings in history with 14, as well as the second-most sub-11 s clockings (with over 50).[6][15] Nicknamed the "Pocket Rocket"[13][10] for her petite five-feet frame and explosive block starts, her personal best of 10.70 seconds is the joint fourth fastest of all time.[16] Due to her achievements and consistency, many publications and sports analysts, including former Olympian Michael Johnson,[17][7] have described her as the greatest female sprinter of all time.[18][5][19] World Athletics called her “the greatest female sprinter of her generation".[20]

Early life and career beginnings

Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (née Fraser) grew up in the violent, inner city community of Waterhouse, near Kingston, describing her own family background as poor.[21] Her mother Maxine Simpson, a former athlete, was a single parent who worked as a street vendor.[22][23][24] When Fraser-Pryce started running at age 10, she did so barefoot.[25] In her senior year at Wolmer's High School for Girls, she competed in the famous Jamaican Schools Championships, winning the 100 m at aged 16.[21] A product of the fierce rivalry of grassroots athletics in Jamaica, she described these championships as intense, and at times, hostile.[21] However, she admitted that it was "something they got used to".[21]

Fraser-Pryce started taking track seriously at age 21, after she met Coach Stephen Francis at the University of Technology.[26] At the time, Francis was the head coach at the MVP (Maximising Velocity and Power) Track Club, one of two such elite clubs in Jamaica (the other being the Racers Track Club, home to sprinters Usain Bolt and Yohan Blake).[26] She began her career specializing in the 100 m, but did not qualify for the individual event for the 2007 World Championships.[27] However, she was selected as part of the Jamaican 4 x 100 m relay team that year, earning a silver medal by running in the heats.[20][27]

Career

2008–2009: Olympic and world champion
Fraser-Pryce (centre) ahead of the field in the 100 m final at the 2009 World Championships.

At the Jamaican Athletics Championships in 2008, Fraser-Pryce's top-three finish in the 100 m denied Veronica Campbell-Brown, the reigning world champion, a spot on the Olympic team.[27][28] Barely known beyond the local athletics scene, many considered Fraser-Pryce too inexperienced for the Olympics and petitioned unsuccessfully to have her swapped in favour of Campbell-Brown.[27] Despite mounting pressure, the JAAA (Jamaica's governing body for athletics) upheld its rule permitting only the top-three finishers on the Olympic team. Fraser-Pryce, ranked 70th in the world that year, went to the 2008 Olympics hopeful but without the burden of expectation: "I went in just wanting to do well. So there was no pressure and nobody expected anything of me and I was able to compete better, relaxed and be my best."[21]

At the Olympics, held at the Beijing National Stadium, she placed first in her 100 m heats and semifinals.[12] In the final, she led the way to a Jamaican sweep of the medals, capped by a second place tie for Sherone Simpson and Kerron Stewart (both women clocked 10.98 s for silver; no bronze was awarded).[2][12] Fraser-Pryce’s winning time of 10.78 s[2] not only shattered her personal best, it was the second fastest Olympic 100 m time in history.[28] Alongside Stewart, Simpson and Campbell-Brown, she also took part in the 4 × 100 m relay, placing first in the heats and qualifying as fastest for the final. However, they did not finish the race in the final due to a mistake in the baton exchange.[2][12]

Now a more confident young sprinter, 23-year-old Fraser-Pryce reaffirmed her status on the global stage with another surprising win at the 2009 World Championships, held in Berlin.[27] Taking time off in April to have her appendix removed, she bounced back to win the world title in August, a year to the day after her Olympic triumph in Beijing.[12] Ahead of the championships, teammate Kerron Stewart held the world lead of 10.75 s and was the favourite for gold.[29] However, Fraser-Pryce emerged as a frontrunner with 10.79 s in the semifinal, the fastest ever non-final time at a global championship.[29] In the 100 m final, she made a flying start, holding off a late challenge from Stewart to claim the victory in a new personal best of 10.73 s.[29] Stewart matched her own personal best of 10.75 s for silver and American Carmelita Jeter won bronze in 10.90 s.[29] The winning time of 10.73 s improved on Merlene Ottey's Jamaican record (10.74 s) and was the joint third fastest in history at the time.[12][29] With the victory, Fraser-Pryce joined American Gail Devers as the only women to reign as world and Olympic 100 m champion at the same time.[29]

Fraser-Pryce closed the championships by earning a second gold medal as part of Jamaica's 4 × 100 m relay team, alongside Stewart, Simone Facey and Aleen Bailey.[18] Later that year, she competed in the now defunct IAAF World Athletics Final, winning silver behind Jeter in the 100 m.[30]

2010 Suspension and 2011 Worlds

In May 2010, a urine sample taken at the Shanghai Diamond League was found to contain Oxycodone.[31] Oxycodone is a painkiller that is not considered to improve performance, nor does the WADA Code consider it a masking agent for other drugs.[32] Her coach Stephen Francis reportedly recommended the painkiller for a toothache, and she neglected to properly declare it, in what she has described as a clerical error.[33] Fraser-Pryce later stated, "[I'm] supposed to set examples – so whatever it is I put in my body it's up to me to take responsibility for it and I have done that".[33] She served a six-month suspension, resuming competition in January 2011.[33][34]

Fraser-Pryce married long-term boyfriend Jason Pryce in 2011, changing her name from Fraser to Fraser-Pryce.[33] She had a slow start to the season, coming off her suspension and battling a recurring calf injury that hindered her preparation for the 2011 World Championships.[35][36] As the defending 100 m champion from 2009, she earned automatic qualification for the upcoming championships in Daegu, and did not compete at the Jamaican National Championships.[35] Not considered the favourite for the gold, she held a season’s best of 10.95 s, the sixth fastest time of the year.[37][38]

In the 100 m final, Fraser-Pryce did not achieve her usual fast start and finished fourth in 10.99 s.[39] Carmelita Jeter won gold in 10.90 s, while Veronica Campbell-Brown and Tobagonian Kelly-Ann Baptiste collected silver and bronze in 10.97 s and 10.98 s respectively.[39] It remains Fraser-Pryce's only appearance at a World Championship where she did not win 100 m gold.[40] She later ran the lead leg on Jamaica's 4 x 100 m relay team, winning silver behind the United States.[20]

2012 Olympics and 2013 sprint triple
Fraser-Pryce in the 100 m at the 2012 Samsung Diamond League.

Beginning with her first Olympic win in 2008, Fraser-Pryce had been at the forefront of a booming sprint rivalry between Jamaica and the United States.[41][42] At the Beijing Olympics four years ago, Jamaica had secured five of a possible six sprinting medals, with Fraser-Pryce and Campbell-Brown winning the 100 m and 200 m respectively, and Usain Bolt dominating the men's 100 m, 200 m, and 4 x 100 m (the relay medal was later rescinded).[41][43] Jamaica’s success continued through the 2009 and 2011 World Championships, punctuated by Bolt's record-breaking performance at the 2009 event.[44][45] For the upcoming Summer Olympics, the rivalry had once again taken centre stage, with the American team seeking to regain its former dominance over the sprints.[46][43][47]

After an inconsistent start to the 2012 season, Fraser-Pryce won the sprint double at the Jamaican Olympic Trials in June.[48] In the 100 m, she set a new personal best of 10.70 s, which improved on the national record she set in 2009 and landed her at number-four on the all-time list.[48][49] In the 200 m, she also set a personal best of 22.10 s.[48] While preparing for the Olympics, she was also completing her Bachelor of Science degree at the University of Technology in Jamaica. Heading into the Olympics, Fraser-Pryce was aiming to defend her title from 2008 after failing to medal in the 100 m final at the 2011 World Championships. However, she faced strong competition from American Carmelita Jeter,[47] the reigning world champion and the second fastest woman of all time.[3][50]

At the Olympics, Fraser-Pryce qualified for the 100 m final as second fastest overall behind Jeter.[50] In the final she was quickest from the blocks, leaning at the finish line for a narrow victory ahead of Jeter to defend the title.[3][50] Jeter finished 0.03 seconds behind in 10.78, with Campbell-Brown third in 10.81 s.[51][52] Fraser-Pryce's 10.75 s was the second fastest in Olympic history at the time;[34] in fact, the race itself was the fastest ever run at the Olympics, with an unprecedented seven women clocking 11 seconds or faster.[51] With her win, Fraser-Pryce joined Americans Gail Devers and Wyomia Tyus as the only women to ever defend an Olympic 100 m title.[53][25]

Fraser-Pryce after her 200 m win at the 2013 World Championships.

In the 200 m final, Fraser-Pryce lowered her personal best to 22.09 s for silver behind American Allyson Felix, who won gold in 21.88 s.[54] She also ran the first leg in the 4 × 100 m relay alongside Campbell-Brown, Sherone Simpson and Kerron Stewart. The team won silver in 41.41 s (a new national record) behind the United States' world record time of 40.82 s.[55][18]

Overall, Jamaica had another strong showing at the Olympics, winning four of a possible six gold medals in the sprints.[56] In addition to Fraser-Pryce retaining her title, Bolt also continued his unbroken streak on the men's side, leading a top-two finish for Jamaica in the 100 m, a sweep of the medals in the 200 m,[57] and a new world record in the 4 x 100 m relay.[58] Closing out the 2012 season, Fraser-Pryce lost to Jeter at the Samsung Diamond League at the end of August.[59]

The following year, Fraser-Pryce continued to show her consistency. At the 2013 World Championships, held in Moscow, she matched Usain Bolt in achieving a rare "sprint triple"—gold in the 100 m, 200 m and 4 x 100 m.[60][12] For the 2013 season, she refocused her training to emphasize the 200 m.[61] For her, this involved conditioning, endurance and recovery, but also learning to mentally embrace the longer sprint: "I had to change my mindset for the 200 and make it more like the 100...I’ve worked more on my 200 this year than the 100 and have had to develop the same love for both.”[61] She kickstarted the season with a 100 m victory in January, clocking 11.47 s on home soil in Kingston.[60] In May and June, she enjoyed Diamond League wins in both the 100 m and 200 m in Doha, Shanghai and Eugene.[60] For the second consecutive year, she won the 200 m title at the Jamaican Championships, in a world-leading 22.13 s.[60]

Looking to regain the 100 m world title she lost in 2011, an in-form Fraser-Pryce arrived at the championships with world-leading times in both the 100 m (10.77 s) and 200 m (22.13 s).[60] In the 100 m final, she bolted from the blocks, streaming away to a dominating win in 10.71 s, the fastest time of the year.[62] Her 0.22-second margin of victory was the largest in World Championship history.[63][64] Murielle Ahoure of the Ivory Coast won silver in 10.93 s, while Jeter, the defending world champion, collected bronze in 10.94 s.[62] By claiming a second world title, Fraser-Pryce became the only woman to win the 100 m twice at both the Olympics (2008, 2012) and the World Championships (2009, 2013).[63][24] In the 200 m final, she stormed to a comfortable victory in 22.17 s, earning her first global title over the distance.[61] As the anchor for Jamaica's 4 × 100 m relay team, she secured her third win in a new championship record of 41.29 s.[65][18]

For the 2013 season, Fraser-Pryce boasted the three fastest times of the year in the 100 m and the two fastest in the 200 m.[60] She won six Diamond League races throughout the season (four in the 100 m and two in the 200 m) to clinch the Diamond League titles for both distances.[60] Owing to her achievements on the track throughout the season, she was named the IAAF World Athlete of the Year.[13][66]

2014 Indoor debut and third world title
Fraser-Pryce celebrating her 60 m win at the 2014 World Indoor Championships.

On the heels of a successful 2013 season, Fraser-Pryce made her World Indoor Championships debut in Sopot, Poland the next year.[13] Early into the season, she clocked 7.11 s in an outdoor 60 m race in Kingston (Jamaica does not have indoor facilities). Months later in Birmingham, she finished second in her only 60 m loss of the season to world 100 m and 200 m silver medallist Murielle Ahoure.[13]

In Sopot, she won both her heat and semifinal in 7.12 s and 7.08 s respectively.[13] In the final, she had her usual quick start and finished ahead of Ahoure in a world-leading 6.98 s.[13] Her winning time, which she achieved with no specific preparation for the 60 m, was the fastest since 1999[67] and the seventh fastest in history at the time.[13][12] In claiming gold, she gave Jamaica its fourth 60 m win in the 16-year history of the championships.[13] She also became the first woman in history to hold world titles at the 60 m, 100 m, 200 m and 4 x 100 m at the same time.[13]

Fraser-Pryce, center, collecting her third gold medal in the 100 m at the 2015 World Championships

For the 2015 season, Coach Francis decided that Fraser-Pryce would not attempt to defend her 200 m title at the upcoming World Championships.[68][69] Speaking at a meet in Paris, she explained that although the 200 m had improved aspects of her 100 m, her coach believed she had lost some her signature explosiveness from the blocks.[68] As a result, she would focus on sharpening the 100 m for the upcoming championships and attempt the sprint double at the 2016 Olympics.[68][69]

At the 2015 World Championships, Fraser-Pryce was hoping to make history as the first woman to win three 100 m world titles.[23] There was also speculation that she would attempt to break Marion Jones' 16-year-old championship record (and her own personal best) of 10.70 s.[70] Entering the championships, she headed the 100 m world rankings with 10.74 s, and qualified as fastest overall in the semifinal.[71] In the 100 m final, she led from the gun, fending off a late challenge from Dutch sprinter Dafne Schippers to win in 10.76 s.[14][71] Although happy for the win, Fraser-Pryce was dissatisfied with her time, and in a post-race interview stated, "I'm getting tired of 10.7s...I definitely think a 10.6 is there. Hopefully I will get it together."[71]

Fraser-Pryce also anchored the women's 4 × 100 m team, consisting of Veronica Campbell-Brown, Natasha Morrison and protege Elaine Thompson, to gold.[18] Their 41.07 s broke the championship record for the second consecutive time.[72] She capped her 2015 season with Diamond League wins in Zürich and Padova, clocking 10.93 s and 10.98 s respectively.[73]

2016 Olympics and split from coach

With a record three world titles and two Olympic titles, Fraser-Pryce had matched Usain Bolt medal for medal in the 100 m throughout their career.[4][71] With the upcoming 2016 Olympics, she set her sights on becoming the first sprinter to win a third successive Olympic 100 m title.[4][23] Her season would not go as planned, however, after a lingering toe injury impeded her training and preparation, forcing her to take significant time off for the first time in her career.[4][74] After missing several planned races, she finished last in her first outing of the season in 11.18 s.[75]

"I think 2016 was that year that mentally tested me. Even in training there were so many moments I cried, I was angry, I was upset, I didn't know what to do."

– Fraser-Pryce reflecting on her difficult 2016 season.[11]

In the weeks before the Olympics, Fraser-Pryce struggled to reach form, posting 11.25 s in Italy and 11.06 s at the London Grand Prix.[38][76] Meanwhile, her training partner Elaine Thompson emerged as top contender for Olympic gold, with a world-leading 10.70 s at the Jamaican Olympic Trials.[77][78] In a season that saw at least five of her rivals run 10.80 s or faster, Fraser-Pryce's season's best of 10.93 s was only the eighth fastest of the year.[38][78]

In Rio, Fraser-Pryce qualified as joint fastest for the final with Thompson, in a new season's best time of 10.88 s.[79] She was in notable pain after her semifinal, crying and limping off the track.[80] In the final, she battled to the finish in a season’s best 10.86 s to win bronze.[81] Thompson won gold in 10.71 s, while American Tori Bowie earned silver in 10.83 s.[81][82] Fraser-Pryce later collected a silver medal as part of the women's 4 × 100 metres relay team.[18] Although she fell short of defending her Olympic title, she described her 100 m bronze as her "greatest medal ever", given her challenging season.[80]

After the Olympics, reports circulated that Fraser-Pryce was parting ways with longtime coach Stephen Francis, whom she shared with Thompson.[83] Francis confirmed these rumours in August 2016, stating that Fraser-Pryce was unhappy with their preparation for the Olympics and told him that she had lost confidence in his training programme.[84][83] He also stated that she was dissatisfied with the lack of improvements to her timings over the years, specifically in lowering her 10.70 s personal best from 2012.[84] However, with no official statement, Fraser-Pryce and her coach reconciled and she resumed training at the MVP Track Club in November of that year.[85]

2018 return and fourth world title
Fraser-Pryce (centre) at the start of the 100 m final at the 2019 World Championships.

In early 2017, Fraser-Pryce announced that she was pregnant and would not be defending her title at the 2017 World Championships in London.[40] She went into labour while watching the world 100 m final that year, and gave birth the next day via emergency C-section.[7][8] She returned to competition less than a year later, describing her journey back as both physically and mentally challenging: "My stomach would be in pain...I couldn’t [train] abdominals properly. I [wondered] whether my body would allow me to put the level of work in to get it done.”[7][10]

Fraser-Pryce took to the international circuit for several Diamond League meets in Europe, all while breastfeeding for the first 15 months.[8] After eight races, she posted her first sub-11 s timing with 10.98 in London.[86] She ended her 2018 season in August with a fifth-place finish at the Toronto NACAC Championships, clocking 11.18 s.[87] Despite expectations that she would retire, she publicly promised a major comeback.[7]

"Standing here having done it again at 32, and holding my baby, is a dream come true....I can’t believe it. I worked so hard to be back."

– Fraser-Pryce on her victory at the 2019 World Championships.[88]

At the Jamaican Championships in June 2019, Fraser-Pryce finished second to double Olympic champion Elaine Thompson in both the 100 m and the 200 m.[11] Although Thompson won by a comfortable margin in the 200 m, the 100 m final ended in a dead heat, with both sprinters sharing the world-leading time of 10.73 s.[89] Fraser-Pryce’s 10.73 in this race became the fastest non-winning time in history.[90] Fraser-Pryce returned to the top of women's sprinting for the 2019 season, running at close to personal best times in the 100 m,[5] and recording three of the five fastest times of the year.[40][11] In August, she won 200 m gold at the 2019 Pan American Games, in a new championship record of 22.43 s.[91][11] However, after losing to Thompson in June, the two did not meet until the 2019 World Championships, in one of the event's most highly anticipated showdowns.[40][11]

In Doha, Fraser-Pryce cruised to 10.80 s in the 100 m heats, the fastest first-round time in World Championships history.[92] She followed with 10.81 s in the semifinal, the fastest qualifying time ahead of the final.[88] In the 100 m final, she outpaced the field from the start, powering away to her fourth title in a world-leading 10.71 s—her fastest time since 2013.[10][93] (Thompson finished fourth.)[10] With this achievement, she became the oldest woman and second mother ever to win a 100 m world or Olympic title.[8][9][10] Fraser-Pryce admitted to taking particular satisfaction in her win, calling it "a victory for motherhood".[94][95] She added a second gold medal at the championships by running the second leg of the Jamaican 4 x 100 m relay team, her ninth world championship title overall.[18] She had also planned to contest the 200 m, but later withdrew.[96]

In February 2020, Fraser-Pryce won the 60 m at the Muller Indoor Athletics Grand Prix, clocking 7.16 s.[97] It was her first Indoor competition since she won gold in Sopot back in 2014.[97] She is currently training for the upcoming 2021 Olympics and announced that she will retire after the 2022 World Championships.[18][7]

Off the track

In November 2012, Fraser-Pryce graduated from the University of Technology with her Bachelor of Science in Child and Adolescent Development. In 2016, she announced that she would be pursuing a Master of Science in Applied Psychology at the University of the West Indies.[4] A committed Christian,[98] she married Jason Pryce in 2011,[33] and announced her pregnancy in early 2017.[99] On her Facebook she wrote, "All my focus heading into training for my 2017 season was on getting healthy and putting myself in the best possible fitness to successfully defend my title in London 2017, but ... here I am thinking about being the greatest mother I can be."[99] On 7 August 2017, she and her husband welcomed a son named Zyon.[98]

Sponsorship, charities and business

Fraser-Pryce has signed sponsorship deals with Digicel, GraceKennedy and Nike.[100] To promote her chase for Olympic glory in 2016, Nike released a series of promotional videos of her training sessions for the 100 m.[101]

Fraser-Pryce has supported many causes throughout her career. She was named as the first UNICEF National Goodwill Ambassador for Jamaica on 22 February 2010.[102] That year, she was also named Grace Goodwill Ambassador for Peace in a partnership with Grace Foods and not-for-profit organisation PALS (Peace and Love in Society).[103] She also created the Pocket Rocket Foundation, a scheme which supports high school athletes in financial need.[98][100]

Known for frequently changing her hairstyle during track season, she launched a hair salon named Chic Hair Ja in 2013.[104]

Legacy and achievements
"We need to put [Fraser-Pryce's] 100 m career into perspective. 2x Olympic 100 champ. Only 2 other women have ever done that. 4x World Champ 100. No other woman has ever done that. And 100m is one of the most difficult events to repeat as champion! Undisputed G.O.A.T. (Greatest of all time)."

– Retired Olympian Michael Johnson on Fraser-Pryce's 2019 win.[17]

In 2019, the Olympic Channel described Fraser-Pryce as the most successful[11] and one of the greatest ever in women's sprinting: "Two consecutive Olympic titles in the 100m, four world titles in the same distance, six Olympic medals in total, eleven World Championship medals overall, nine of which are gold, including in the 200m...: Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce is one of, if not the, greatest female sprinters of all time."[18] In 2020, Track & Field News ranked her as the top female 100 m sprinter of the 2010s decade, as well as the fifth greatest in the 200 m.[105] The same publication ranked her at number-two in the 100 m for the 2000s decade.[105] Sean Ingle of The Guardian lauded her achievements after the 2019 World Championships, asserting that her win gave her "legitimate claim to be considered the greatest ever."[106] Writing for CNN, Ben Church also admired her longevity, pointing out that her 2019 win in Doha came 11 years after her first Olympic title, with her winning time just 0.01 seconds shy of her seven-year-old personal best.[107][108] Fraser-Pryce has registered 14 sub-10.80 s clockings in the 100 m—more than any other female sprinter in history.[106] She also has 51 sub-11 s clockings, second only to Merlene Ottey.[15] The fastest mother in history, she is also the oldest female sprinter to win a global 100 m title.[89]

My secret is just staying humble...know who you are as a person and athlete and just continue to work hard.

— Fraser-Pryce on her longevity in track and field.[107]
Fraser-Pryce with her Diamond League trophy in 2013.

Despite her success, her profile on a global scale has been largely eclipsed by countryman Usain Bolt.[4][23] On the eve of the 2016 Olympics, The Washington Post alluded to this disparity with the headline "A Jamaican will go for a third gold medal in Rio — and it’s not who you think".[23] In the article, writer Ross Kenneth Urken argued that although she had dominated her sport for nearly a decade, her rise to prominence occurred "remarkably under the radar, especially compared with Bolt’s."[23] Likewise, CNN wrote that Fraser-Pryce matched Bolt "medal for medal over 100 m...Somehow, that isn't common knowledge."[4] In a post-race interview at the 2012 Olympics, she was asked how famous she was in Jamaica.[3] She joked, "I'm famous enough that they ask me about Usain.”[3] Although she has been vocal about the gender gap in athletics, Fraser-Pryce has insisted that she has never felt overshadowed.[25][109] She also asserted that the near-unattainable 100 m world record (set by American Florence Griffith Joyner[25]) and the lack of special times in women's sprinting have contributed to the disparity: "I have always said it's a man's world...[but] I think it has a lot to do with the times as well. When you have male athletes [running]... 9.5s as opposed to female athletes running 10.8s constantly, there is no 'wow' to the event."[69]

After the 2019 championships, sports writer Steve Keating declared Fraser-Pryce the new face of athletics, adding that her "golden personality" and "human interest" resonated with fans, marketers and sponsors.[94] He also saw the birth of her son and her determination to return to the top as compelling dimensions to her legacy.[94]

In 2019, Fraser-Pryce published the children's book I Am a Promise, based on the life lessons she learned growing up and competing as an athlete.[110]

Awards and recognition

In 2008, Fraser-Pryce was honoured with the Order of Distinction for her achievements in athletics.[111] In October 2018, she was also honoured with a statue at the Jamaica National Stadium in Kingston, Jamaica.[112] During the ceremony, Minister of Sports Olivia Grange hailed her a role model for young girls and a Jamaican "modern-day hero".[112]

The recipient of many accolades in Jamaica, she has won the JAAA's Golden Cleats Award for Female Athlete of the Year four times: 2009, 2012, 2013 and 2015.[113] She has also received the Jamaican Sportsperson of the Year award four times, in 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2019.[114]

On the international scene, she has been nominated for the Laureus World Sports Award for Sportswoman of the Year five times: 2010, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2019.[115] After her 2013 season, she was named IAAF World Athlete of the Year, becoming the first Jamaican woman to win since Merlene Ottey in 1990. In accepting her award, she exclaimed, "I'm shocked and excited. It's something that has been a dream of mine."[116][13]

Technique and running style

Under the guidance of her coach Stephen Francis, Fraser-Pryce honed her technique to become, according to World Athletics, “the greatest female sprinter of her generation”.[20][11] She stated that none of her technique came naturally, and that when she began competing, she ran with poor knee lift and an exaggerated forward lean.[101][26] To help improve her knee height and posture, Coach Francis incorporated more high-knee drills into her training.[101] By 2008, she had sharpened her start, including her first stride, the placement of her arms and the different phases of the sprint.[101] Describing her mind-muscle connection while running, she explained, "You feel all of your phases. Because of how the body is, you can feel it, like a sixth sense. So I focus on nailing each phase properly, and if I’m able to nail each phase properly, then I know that’s history.”[101]

Fraser-Pryce's trademark is her explosive starts (drive phase), which have earned her the nickname "Pocket Rocket."[14][3][62] Her style involves “bolting to the lead”[117] with maximum velocity and then "maintaining her position through to the finish.”[117] Jon Mulkeen of World Athletics described her starts as "devastating...her best weapon,"[62] while Steve Landell of the same publication declared, "her ability to shift her legs over the first five metres remains the envy of the world."[29] Studying her performance in the world 100 m final in 2009 (when she clocked 10.73 s), sports scientists Rolf Graubner and Eberhard Nixdorf reported her 30 m split at 4.02 s, which they estimated to be at the level of male sprinters with a performance ability in the 10.40 s – 10.60 s range.[118]

At 1.52 m (5 ft) tall, Fraser-Pryce is more petite than most female sprinters.[119][26] She noted that early into her career, fellow athletes and coaches told her she was "too short and shouldn't think about running fast."[26] A prototypical stride rate runner, she relies on cadence and a high stride frequency (i.e. leg speed) in her races, although she also has "well developed" stride length.[117][118] On average, she covers the 100 m within 50 strides, and has a cadence of about 286 steps per minute.[120] Her world 100 m final from 2009 took 49.58 strides — equivalent to two metres per step, with her longest stride of 2.2 metres seen over the last 20 metres of her race.[118] Her peak stride frequency (between 20–40 metres in the race) was also calculated at 4.91 times per second.[120][118]

Season's best and rankings

Fraser-Pryce's season's best in the 100 m since 2008.[121]

Season's best 100 m and 200 m, with world rank in parentheses.[121]

Year 100 metres 200 metres
200810.78 (1)[122]22.15 (6)[123]
200910.73 (2)22.58 (18)
2010––
201110.95 (6)22.59 (14)[124]
201210.70 (1)22.09 (2)[125]
201310.71 (1)22.13 (1)
201411.01 (8)[126]22.53 (13)[127]
201510.74 (1)22.37 (17)
201610.86 (8)–
2017––
201810.98 (10)[128]–
201910.71 (1)22.22 (7)

International competitions
Year Competition Venue Position Event Notes
Representing  Jamaica
2002 Central American and Caribbean
Junior Championships (U-17)		 Bridgetown, Barbados 4th 200 m 25.24
(−1.0 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 45.33 CR
2005 CARIFTA Games (U-20) Bacolet, Trinidad and Tobago 3rd 100 m 11.73
(+0.9 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 44.53
2007 World Championships Osaka, Japan 2nd 4×100 m relay 42.70 SB
2008 Olympic Games Beijing, China 1st 100 m 10.78 PB
(±0.0 m/s)
DNF 4×100 m relay Dropped baton
2009 World Championships Berlin, Germany 1st 100 m 10.73 NR
(+0.1 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 42.06
2011 World Championships Daegu, Korea 4th 100 m 10.99
(−1.4 m/s)
2nd 4×100 m relay 41.70 NR
2012 Olympic Games London, Great Britain 1st 100 m 10.75
(+1.5 m/s)
2nd 200 m 22.09 PB
(−0.2 m/s)
2nd 4×100 m relay 41.41 NR
2013 World Championships Moscow, Russia 1st 100 m 10.71 WL
(−0.3 m/s)
1st 200 m 22.17
(−0.3 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 41.29 CR
2014 World Indoor Championships Sopot, Poland 1st 60 m 6.98 WL PB
Commonwealth Games Glasgow, Scotland 1st 4×100 m relay 41.83 GR
2015 World Championships Beijing, China 1st 100 m 10.76
(−0.3 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 41.07 CR
2016 Olympic Games Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 3rd 100 m 10.86 SB
(+0.5 m/s)
2nd 4×100 m relay 41.36 SB
2018 NACAC Championships Toronto, Canada 5th 100 m 11.18
2nd 4×100 m relay 43.33
2019 World Relays Yokohama, Japan 3rd 4×200 m relay 1:33.21
Pan American Games Lima, Peru 1st 200 m 22.43
World Championships Doha, Qatar 1st 100 m 10.71 WL
(+0.1 m/s)
1st 4×100 m relay 41.44 WL

Circuit wins
  • Diamond League (100 m; other events specified in parenthesis)
    • Overall winner: 2012, 2013 (100 m, 200 m), 2015
    • New York: 2012
    • Zürich: 2012, 2013 (200 m), 2015 (100 m, 4 × 100 m relay)
    • Doha: 2013 (200 m), 2014
    • Shanghai: 2013
    • Eugene: 2013, 2015
    • Paris: 2013, 2015
    • Brussels: 2013
    • Stockholm: 2015
    • London: 2018, 2019 (100 m, 4 × 100 m relay)
    • Lausanne: 2019

National titles
  • Jamaican Championships
    • 2009: 100 m
    • 2012: 100 m, 200 m
    • 2013: 200 m
    • 2015: 100 m
  • Jamaican U18 Championships
    • 2002: 200 m

Personal bests
Type Event Time Date Place Notes
Outdoor 100 metres10.70 (+0.6)29 June 2012Kingston, JamaicaNR, 4th of all time
200 metres22.09 (−0.2)8 August 2012London, United Kingdom
400 metres54.935 March 2011Kingston, Jamaica
Indoor 60 metres6.989 March 2014Sopot, Poland8th of all time

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Videos


Awards
Preceded by
Allyson Felix		 IAAF World Athlete of the Year
2013		 Succeeded by
Valerie Adams
Olympic Games
Preceded by
Usain Bolt		 Flagbearer for  Jamaica
Rio de Janeiro 2016		 Succeeded by
Incumbent
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