100 metres

The 100 metres, or 100-metre dash, is a sprint race in track and field competitions. The shortest common outdoor running distance, it is one of the most popular and prestigious events in the sport of athletics. It has been contested at the Summer Olympics since 1896 for men and since 1928 for women. The World Championships 100 metres has been contested since 1983.

Athletics
100 metres
Start of the men's 100 metres final at the
2012 Olympic Games.
World records
Men Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009)
Women Florence Griffith Joyner 10.49[lower-alpha 1] (1988)
Olympic records
Men Usain Bolt 9.63 (2012)
Women Florence Griffith Joyner 10.62 (1988)
Championship records
Men Usain Bolt 9.58 (2009)
Women Marion Jones 10.70 (1999)

The reigning 100 m Olympic or world champion is often named "the fastest man or woman in the world". Christian Coleman and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce are the reigning world champions; Usain Bolt and Elaine Thompson are the men's and women's Olympic champions.

On an outdoor 400 metres running track, the 100 m is run on the home straight, with the start usually being set on an extension to make it a straight-line race. There are three instructions given to the runners immediately before and at the beginning of the race: ready, set, and the firing of the starter's pistol. The runners move to the starting blocks when they hear the 'ready' instruction. The following instruction, to adopt the 'set' position, allows them to adopt a more efficient starting posture and isometrically preload their muscles: this will help them to start faster. A race-official then fires the starter's pistol to signal the race beginning and the sprinters stride forwards from the blocks. Sprinters typically reach top speed after somewhere between 50 and 60 m. Their speed then slows towards the finish line.

The 10-second barrier has historically been a barometer of fast men's performances, while the best female sprinters take eleven seconds or less to complete the race. The current men's world record is 9.58 seconds, set by Jamaica's Usain Bolt in 2009, while the women's world record of 10.49 seconds set by American Florence Griffith-Joyner in 1988 remains unbroken.[lower-alpha 1]

The 100 m (109.361 yards) emerged from the metrication of the 100 yards (91.44 m), a now defunct distance originally contested in English-speaking countries. The event is largely held outdoors as few indoor facilities have a 100 m straight.

US athletes have won the men's Olympic 100 metres title more times than any other country, 16 out of the 28 times that it has been run. US women have also dominated the event winning 9 out of 21 times.

Race dynamics

Start
Male sprinters await the starter's instructions

At the start, some athletes play psychological games such as trying to be last to the starting blocks.[3][4][5]

At high level meets, the time between the gun and first kick against the starting block is measured electronically, via sensors built in the gun and the blocks. A reaction time less than 0.1 s is considered a false start. The 0.2-second interval accounts for the sum of the time it takes for the sound of the starter's pistol to reach the runners' ears, and the time they take to react to it.

For many years a sprinter was disqualified if responsible for two false starts individually. However, this rule allowed some major races to be restarted so many times that the sprinters started to lose focus. The next iteration of the rule, introduced in February 2003, meant that one false start was allowed among the field, but anyone responsible for a subsequent false start was disqualified.

This rule led to some sprinters deliberately false-starting to gain a psychological advantage: an individual with a slower reaction time might false-start, forcing the faster starters to wait and be sure of hearing the gun for the subsequent start, thereby losing some of their advantage. To avoid such abuse and to improve spectator enjoyment, the IAAF implemented a further change in the 2010 season – a false starting athlete now receives immediate disqualification.[6] This proposal was met with objections when first raised in 2005, on the grounds that it would not leave any room for innocent mistakes. Justin Gatlin commented, "Just a flinch or a leg cramp could cost you a year's worth of work."[7] The rule had a dramatic impact at the 2011 World Championships, when current world record holder Usain Bolt was disqualified.[8][9]

Mid-race

Runners normally reach their top speed just past the halfway point of the race and they progressively decelerate in the later stages of the race. Maintaining that top speed for as long as possible is a primary focus of training for the 100 m.[10] Pacing and running tactics do not play a significant role in the 100 m, as success in the event depends more on pure athletic qualities and technique.

Finish

The winner, by IAAF Competition Rules, is determined by the first athlete with his or her torso (not including limbs, head, or neck) over the nearer edge of the finish line.[11] There is therefore no requirement for the entire body to cross the finish line. When the placing of the athletes is not obvious, a photo finish is used to distinguish which runner was first to cross the line.

Climatic conditions
See also: wind assistance

Climatic conditions, in particular air resistance, can affect performances in the 100 m. A strong head wind is very detrimental to performance, while a tail wind can improve performances significantly. For this reason, a maximum tail wind of 2.0 m/s is allowed for a 100 m performance to be considered eligible for records, or "wind legal".

Furthermore, sprint athletes perform a better run at high altitudes because of the thinner air, which provides less air resistance. In theory, the thinner air would also make breathing slightly more difficult (due to the partial pressure of oxygen being lower), but this difference is negligible for sprint distances where all the oxygen needed for the short dash is already in the muscles and bloodstream when the race starts. While there are no limitations on altitude, performances made at altitudes greater than 1000 m above sea level are marked with an "A".[12]

10-second barrier
Main article: 10-second barrier

The 10-second mark had been widely been considered a barrier for the 100 metres. The first man to break the 10 second barrier was Jim Hines at the 1968 Summer Olympics. Since then, numerous sprinters have run faster than 10 seconds.

Ethnicity
Main article: Race and sports

Only male sprinters have beaten the 100 m 10-second barrier, majority of them being of West African descent in particular those descendant from the Atlantic Slave trade. Namibian (formerly South-West Africa) Frankie Fredericks became the first man of non-West African heritage to achieve the feat in 1991 and in 2003 Australia's Patrick Johnson (an Indigenous Australian with Irish heritage) became the first sub-10-second runner without an African background.[13][14][15][16]

In 2010, French sprinter Christophe Lemaitre became the first Caucasian to break the 10-second barrier,[16] In 2017, Azerbaijani-born naturalized Turkish Ramil Guliyev followed[17] and in 2018, Filippo Tortu became the first Italian to run under 10s. In the Prefontaine Classic 2015 Diamond League meet at Eugene, Su Bingtian of China ran a time of 9.99 seconds, becoming the first East Asian athlete to officially break the 10-second barrier. On 22 June 2018, Su improved his time in Madrid with a time of 9.91.[18] On 9 September 2017, Yoshihide Kiryū became the first man from Japan to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 metres, running a 9.98 (+1.8) at an intercollegiate meet in Fukui.

Record performances

Major 100 m races, such as at the Olympic Games, attract much attention, particularly when the world record is thought to be within reach.

The men's world record has been improved upon twelve times since electronic timing became mandatory in 1977.[19] The current men's world record of 9.58 s is held by Usain Bolt of Jamaica, set at the 2009 World Athletics Championships final in Berlin, Germany on 16 August 2009, breaking his own previous world record by 0.11 s.[20] The current women's world record of 10.49 s was set by Florence Griffith-Joyner of the US, at the 1988 United States Olympic Trials in Indianapolis, Indiana, on 16 July 1988[21] breaking Evelyn Ashford's four-year-old world record by .27 seconds. The extraordinary nature of this result and those of several other sprinters in this race raised the possibility of a technical malfunction with the wind gauge which read at 0.0 m/s- a reading which was at complete odds to the windy conditions on the day with high wind speeds being recorded in all other sprints before and after this race as well as the parallel long jump runway at the time of the Griffith-Joyner performance. All scientific studies commissioned by the IAAF and independent organisations since have confirmed there was certainly an illegal tailwind of between 5 m/s – 7 m/s at the time. This should have annulled the legality of this result, although the IAAF has chosen not to take this course of action. The legitimate next best wind legal performance would therefore be Griffith-Joyner's 10.61s performance in the final the next day.[22]

Some records have been marred by prohibited drug use – in particular, the scandal at the 1988 Summer Olympics when the winner, Canadian Ben Johnson was stripped of his medal and world record.

Jim Hines, Ronnie Ray Smith and Charles Greene were the first to break the 10-second barrier in the 100 m, all on 20 June 1968, the Night of Speed. Hines also recorded the first legal electronically timed sub-10 second 100 m in winning the 100 metres at the 1968 Olympics. Bob Hayes ran a wind-assisted 9.91 seconds at the 1964 Olympics.

Continental records

Updated 29 November 2018.[23]

Area Men Women
Time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Time (s) Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation
Africa (records)9.85+1.7Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria10.78+1.6Murielle Ahouré Ivory Coast
Asia (records)9.91+1.8Femi Ogunode Qatar10.790.0Li Xuemei China
+0.6
+0.2Su Bingtian China
+0.8
Europe (records)9.86+0.6Francis Obikwelu Portugal10.73+2.0Christine Arron France
+1.3Jimmy Vicaut France
+1.8
North, Central America
and Caribbean (records)		9.58 WR+0.9Usain Bolt Jamaica10.49 WR0.0Florence Griffith-Joyner United States
Oceania (records)9.93+1.8Patrick Johnson Australia11.11+1.9Melissa Breen Australia
South America (records)10.00[A]+1.6Robson da Silva Brazil10.91−0.2Rosângela Santos Brazil

Notes

All-time top 25 men
Usain Bolt breaking the world and Olympic records at the 2008 Beijing Olympics
See also: 10-second barrier and Men's 100 metres world record progression
Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Place Ref
1 9.58+0.9Usain Bolt Jamaica16 August 2009Berlin[27]
2 9.69+2.0Tyson Gay United States20 September 2009Shanghai[28]
−0.1Yohan Blake Jamaica23 August 2012Lausanne[29]
4 9.72+0.2Asafa Powell Jamaica2 September 2008Lausanne[30]
5 9.74+0.9Justin Gatlin United States15 May 2015Doha[31]
6 9.76 +0.6 Christian Coleman  United States 28 September 2019 Doha [32]
7 9.78+0.9Nesta Carter Jamaica29 August 2010Rieti[33]
8 9.79+0.1Maurice Greene United States16 June 1999Athens[34]
9 9.80+1.3Steve Mullings Jamaica4 June 2011Eugene[35]
10 9.82+1.7Richard Thompson Trinidad and Tobago21 June 2014Port of Spain[36]
11 9.84 +0.7 Donovan Bailey  Canada 27 July 1996 Atlanta
+0.2Bruny Surin Canada22 August 1999Seville
+1.3 Trayvon Bromell  United States 25 June 2015 Eugene
+1.6 3 July 2016 [37]
14 9.85+1.2Leroy Burrell United States6 July 1994Lausanne[38]
+1.7Olusoji Fasuba Nigeria12 May 2006Doha
+1.3Mike Rodgers United States4 June 2011Eugene
17 9.86+1.2Carl Lewis United States25 August 1991Tokyo[39]
−0.7Frankie Fredericks Namibia3 July 1996Lausanne
+1.8Ato Boldon Trinidad and Tobago19 April 1998Walnut
+0.6Francis Obikwelu Portugal22 August 2004Athens
+1.4Keston Bledman Trinidad and Tobago23 June 2012Port of Spain
+1.3Jimmy Vicaut France4 July 2015Saint-Denis[40]
+0.9Noah Lyles United States18 May 2019Shanghai[41]
+0.8Divine Oduduru Nigeria7 June 2019Austin[42]
25 9.87+0.3Linford Christie United Kingdom15 August 1993Stuttgart
9.87[A]−0.2Obadele Thompson Barbados11 September 1998Johannesburg
9.87−0.1Ronnie Baker United States22 August 2018Chorzów[43]

More facts about these male runners
  • Usain Bolt also holds the world record for the fastest 100 metres with a running start at 8.70 (41 km/h). This was achieved in a 150 metres race during the BUPA Great City Games in Manchester on 17 May 2009, completed in 14.35 (also a world record).[44] He also ran 9.63 (2012), 9.69 (2008), 9.72 (2008), 9.76 (2008, 2011, 2012), 9.77 (2008, 2013), 9.79 (2009, 2012, 2015), 9.80 (2013), 9.81 (2009, 2016), 9.82 (2010, 2012), 9.83 (2008), 9.84 (2010), 9.85 (2008, 2011, 2013), 9.86 (2009, 2010, 2012, 2016) and 9.87 (2012, 2015).
  • Tyson Gay also ran 9.71 (2009), 9.77 (2008, 2009), 9.78 (2010), 9.79 (2010, 2011), 9.84 (2006, 2007, 2010), 9.85 (2007, 2008), 9.86 (2012), and 9.87 (2015).
  • Asafa Powell also ran 9.74 (2007), 9.77 (2005, 2006, 2008), 9.78 (2007, 2011), 9.81 (2015), 9.82 (2008, 2009, 2010), 9.83 (2007, 2008, 2010), 9.84 (2005, 2007, 2009, 2015), 9.85 (2005, 2006, 2009, 2012), 9.86 (2006, 2011), and 9.87 (2004, 2008, 2014, 2015).
  • Yohan Blake also ran 9.75 (2012), 9.76 (2012), 9.82 (2011), 9.84 (2012), and 9.85 (2012).
  • Justin Gatlin ran 9.77 in Doha on 12 May 2006, which was at the time ratified as a world record. However, the record was rescinded in 2007 after he failed a doping test in April 2006. He also ran 9.75 (2015), 9.77 (2014, 2015), 9.78 (2015), 9.79 (2012), 9.80 (2012, 2014, 2015, 2016), 9.82 (2012, 2014), 9.83 (2014, 2016), 9.85 (2004, 2013) 9.86 (2014), and 9.87 (2012, 2014, 2019).
  • Tim Montgomery ran 9.78 in Paris on 14 September 2002, which was at the time ratified as a world record.[45] However, the record was rescinded in December 2005 following his indictment in the BALCO scandal on drug use and drug trafficking charges.[46] The time had stood as the world record until Asafa Powell first ran 9.77.[47]
  • Ben Johnson ran 9.79 in Seoul on 24 September 1988, but he was disqualified after he tested positive for stanozolol after the race. He subsequently admitted to drug use between 1981 and 1988, and his time of 9.83 at Rome on 30 August 1987 was rescinded.
  • Christian Coleman also ran 9.79 (2018), 9.81 (2019), 9.82 (2017), 9.85 (2019), and 9.86 (2019).
  • Maurice Greene also ran 9.80 (1999), 9.82 (2001), 9.85 (1999), 9.86 (1997, 2000), and 9.87 (1999, 2000, 2004).
  • Trayvon Bromell also ran 9.84 (2016).
  • Nesta Carter also ran 9.85 (2010), 9.86 (2010), and 9.87 (2013).
  • Richard Thompson also ran 9.85 (2011).
  • Ato Boldon also ran 9.86 (1998, 1999) and 9.87 (1997).
  • Keston Bledman also ran 9.86 (2015).
  • Mike Rodgers also ran 9.86 (2015).
  • Jimmy Vicaut also ran 9.86 (2016).
  • Frankie Fredericks also ran 9.87 (1996).
  • Dwain Chambers ran 9.87 in Paris on 14 September 2002, which at the time equaled the European record. He tested positive for tetrahydrogestrinone in October 2003, and was given a two-year suspension in February 2004. Originally he claimed innocence, but after his suspension ended in November 2005 he admitted to doping during the 2002 and 2003 seasons. His record was subsequently rescinded in June 2006.[48]
  • Steve Mullings is serving a lifetime ban for doping.[49]

Assisted marks

Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of the fastest wind-assisted times (9.80 or better). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown.

All-time top 25 women
Christine Arron (left) wins the 100 m at the Weltklasse meeting.
See also: Women's 100 metres world record progression
Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location Ref
1 10.490.0[lower-alpha 1]Florence Griffith-Joyner United States16 July 1988Indianapolis
2 10.64+1.2Carmelita Jeter United States20 September 2009Shanghai
3 10.65 [A]+1.1Marion Jones United States12 September 1998Johannesburg
4 10.70+0.6Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce Jamaica29 June 2012Kingston
+0.3 Elaine Thompson  Jamaica 1 July 2016 Kingston [55]
6 10.73+2.0Christine Arron France19 August 1998Budapest
7 10.74+1.3Merlene Ottey Jamaica7 September 1996Milan
+1.0 English Gardner  United States 3 July 2016 Eugene [37]
9 10.75+0.4Kerron Stewart Jamaica10 July 2009Rome
+1.6 Sha'Carri Richardson  United States 8 June 2019 Austin [56]
11 10.76+1.7Evelyn Ashford United States22 August 1984Zürich
+1.1Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica31 May 2011Ostrava
13 10.77+0.9Irina Privalova Russia6 July 1994Lausanne
+0.7Ivet Lalova Bulgaria19 June 2004Plovdiv
15 10.78 [A]+1.0Dawn Sowell United States3 June 1989Provo
10.78+1.8Torri Edwards United States26 June 2008Eugene
+1.6Murielle Ahouré Ivory Coast11 June 2016Montverde[57]
+1.0 Tianna Bartoletta  United States 3 July 2016 Eugene [37]
+1.0 Tori Bowie  United States 3 July 2016 Eugene [37]
20 10.790.0Li Xuemei China18 October 1997Shanghai
−0.1Inger Miller United States22 August 1999Seville
+1.1Blessing Okagbare Nigeria27 July 2013London
23 10.81+1.7Marlies Göhr East Germany8 June 1983Berlin
−0.3 Dafne Schippers  Netherlands 24 August 2015 Beijing [58]
25 10.82 −1.0 Gail Devers United States1 August 1992Barcelona
+1.57 July 1993Lausanne
−0.316 August 1993Stuttgart
+0.4Gwen Torrence United States3 September 1994Paris
−0.3Zhanna Block Ukraine6 August 2001Edmonton
−0.7Sherone Simpson Jamaica24 June 2006Kingston
+0.9 Michelle-Lee Ahye  Trinidad and Tobago 24 June 2017 Port of Spain [59]

More facts about these female runners
  • Florence Griffith-Joyner's world record has been the subject of a controversy due to strong suspicion of a defective anemometer measuring a tailwind lower than actually present;[60] since 1997 the International Athletics Annual of the Association of Track and Field Statisticians has listed this performance as "probably strongly wind assisted, but recognised as a world record".[61] It can be reasonable to assume a wind reading of about +4.7 m/s for Griffith-Joyner's quarter-final. Her legal 10.61 the following day and 10.62 at the 1988 Olympics would still make her the world record holder.[62]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.82:

  • As well as the 10.61 (1988) and 10.62 (1988) mentioned in the more facts section, Florence Griffith-Joyner also ran 10.70 (1988).
  • Carmelita Jeter also ran 10.67 (2009), 10.70 (2011), 10.78 (2011, 2012), 10.81 (2012), and 10.82 (2010).
  • Marion Jones also ran 10.70 (1999), 10.71 (1998), 10.72 (1998), 10.75 (1998), 10.76 (1997, 1999), 10.77 (1998), 10.78 (2000), 10.79 (1998), 10.80 (1998, 1999), 10.81 (1997, 1998), and 10.82 (1998).
  • Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce also ran 10.71 (2013, 2019), 10.72 (2013), 10.73 (2009, 2019), 10.74 (2015, 2019), 10.75 (2012), 10.76 (2015), 10.77 (2013), 10.78 (2008, 2019), 10.79 (2009, 2015), 10.80 (2019), 10.81 (2015, 2019), and 10.82 (2015).
  • Elaine Thompson also ran 10.71 (2016, 2017), 10.72 (2016), 10.73 (2019), and 10.78 (2016, 2017).
  • Kerron Stewart also ran 10.75 (2009) and 10.80 (2008).
  • Merlene Ottey also ran 10.78 (1990, 1994), 10.79 (1991), 10.80 (1992), and 10.82 (1990, 1993).
  • Veronica Campbell-Brown also ran 10.78 (2010), 10.81 (2012), and 10.82 (2012).
  • Evelyn Ashford also ran 10.79 (1983) and 10.81 (1988).
  • English Gardner also ran 10.79 (2015) and 10.81 (2016).
  • Tori Bowie also ran 10.80 (2014, 2016), 10.81 (2015), and 10.82 (2015).
  • Blessing Okagbare also ran 10.80 (2015).
  • Christine Arron also ran 10.81 (1998).
  • Inger Miller also ran 10.81 (1999).
  • Murielle Ahouré also ran 10.81 (2015).
  • Irina Privalova also ran 10.82 (1992).
  • Gail Devers also ran 10.82 (1993).
  • Gwen Torrence also ran 10.82 (1996).

Assisted marks

Any performance with a following wind of more than 2.0 metres per second is not counted for record purposes. Below is a list of the fastest wind-assisted times (10.82 or better). Only times that are superior to legal bests are shown.

Season's bests

Top 17 junior (under-20) men

As of 29 March 2020[63]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location Age Ref
1 9.97+1.8Trayvon Bromell United States13 June 2014Eugene18 years, 338 days[64]
2 10.00+1.6Trentavis Friday United States5 July 2014Eugene19 years, 30 days
3 10.01+0.0Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago24 August 2003Saint-Denis18 years, 317 days
+1.6Jeff Demps United States28 June 2008Eugene18 years, 172 days
+0.9Yoshihide Kiryu Japan28 April 2013Hiroshima17 years, 134 days[65]
6 10.03+0.7Marcus Rowland United States31 July 2009Port of Spain19 years, 142 days
+1.7Lalu Muhammad Zohri Indonesia19 May 2019Osaka18 years, 322 days[66]
8 10.04+1.7D'Angelo Cherry United States10 June 2009Fayetteville18 years, 313 days
+0.2Christophe Lemaitre France24 July 2009Novi Sad19 years, 43 days
+1.9Abdullah Abkar Mohammed Saudi Arabia15 April 2016Norwalk18 years, 319 days[67]
11 10.05 Davidson Ezinwa  Nigeria 3 January 1990 Bauchi 18 years, 42 days
+0.1Adam Gemili Great Britain11 July 2012Barcelona18 years, 279 days
+0.6Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan24 June 2017Osaka18 years, 110 days[68]
−0.64 August 2017London18 years, 151 days[69]
14 10.060.0Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria26 April 1997Walnut18 years, 200 days
+2.0Dwain Chambers Great Britain25 July 1997Ljubljana19 years, 111 days
+1.5Walter Dix United States7 May 2005New York19 years, 116 days
+0.8 Phatutshedzo Maswanganye  South Africa 14 March 2020 Pretoria 19 years, 42 days [70]

Notes
  • Trayvon Bromell's junior world record is also the age-18 world record. He also recorded the fastest wind-assisted (+4.2 m/s) time for a junior or age-18 athlete of 9.77 seconds on 18 May 2014 (age 18 years, 312 days).[71]
  • Yoshihide Kiryu's time of 10.01 seconds matched the junior world record set by Darrel Brown and Jeff Demps, but was not ratified because of the type of wind gauge used.[72]
  • British sprinter Mark Lewis-Francis recorded a time of 9.97 seconds on 4 August 2001 (age 18 years, 334 days), but the wind gauge malfunctioned.[73]
  • Nigerian sprinter Davidson Ezinwa recorded a time of 10.05 seconds on 4 January 1990 (age 18 years, 43 days), but with no wind gauge.[74]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.06:

Top 20 junior (under-20) women

Updated 5 January 2020[75]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nation Date Location Age Ref
1 10.75+1.6Sha'Carri Richardson United States8 June 2019Austin19 years, 75 days[56]
2 10.88+2.0Marlies Göhr East Germany1 July 1977Dresden19 years, 102 days
3 10.89+1.8Katrin Krabbe East Germany20 July 1988Berlin18 years, 241 days
4 10.98+2.0Candace Hill United States20 June 2015Shoreline16 years, 129 days[76]
5 10.99+0.9Ángela Tenorio Ecuador22 July 2015Toronto19 years, 176 days[77]
+1.7Twanisha Terry United States21 April 2018Torrance19 years, 148 days[78]
7 11.02+1.8Tamara Clark United States12 May 2018Knoxville19 years, 123 days
+0.8Briana Williams Jamaica8 June 2019Albuquerque17 years, 79 days
9 11.03+1.7Silke Gladisch-Möller East Germany8 June 1983Berlin18 years, 353 days
+0.6English Gardner United States14 May 2011Tucson19 years, 22 days
11 11.04+1.4Angela Williams United States5 June 1999Boise19 years, 126 days
+1.6Kiara Grant Jamaica8 June 2019Austin18 years, 243 days[79]
13 11.06+0.9Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago24 June 2017Port of Spain19 years, 131 days[80]
14 11.07+0.7Bianca Knight United States27 June 2008Eugene19 years, 177 days
15 11.08+2.0Brenda Morehead United States21 June 1976Eugene18 years, 260 days
16 11.09NWIAngela Williams Trinidad and Tobago14 April 1984Nashville18 years, 335 days
17 11.10+0.9Kaylin Whitney United States5 July 2014Eugene16 years, 118 days
18 11.11 +0.2Shakedia Jones United States2 May 1998Westwood19 years, 48 days
+1.1Joan Uduak Ekah Nigeria2 July 1999Lausanne17 years, 224 days
20 11.12 +2.0Veronica Campbell-Brown Jamaica18 October 2000Santiago18 years, 156 days
+1.2Alexandria Anderson United States22 June 2006Indianapolis19 years, 145 days
+1.1Aurieyall Scott United States24 June 2011Eugene19 years, 37 days
+0.9Ewa Swoboda Poland21 July 2016Bydgoszcz18 years, 361 days

Notes
  • Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have made her the fourth fastest junior female of all-time.[81] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[82][83][84]

Below is a list of all other legal times equal or superior to 10.99:

Top 15 Youth (under-18) boys

Updated 5 January 2020[85]

Rank Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Country Date Location Age Ref
1 10.15+2.0Anthony Schwartz United States31 March 2017Gainesville16 years, 207 days[86]
2 10.19+0.5Yoshihide Kiryu Japan3 November 2012Fukuroi16 years, 324 days
3 10.20+1.4Darryl Haraway United States15 June 2014Greensboro17 years, 87 days
+1.5Tlotliso Leotlela South Africa7 September 2015Apia17 years, 118 days[87]
+2.0Sachin Dennis Jamaica23 March 2018Kingston15 years, 233 days[88]
6 10.22+1.0Abdul Hakim Sani Brown Japan14 May 2016Shanghai17 years, 69 days
7 10.23+0.8Tamunosiki Atorudibo Nigeria23 March 2002Enugu17 years, 2 days
+1.2Rynell Parson United States21 June 2007Indianapolis16 years, 345 days
9 10.24+0.0Darrel Brown Trinidad and Tobago14 April 2001Bridgetown16 years, 185 days
10 10.25+1.5J-Mee Samuels United States11 July 2004Knoxville17 years, 52 days
+1.6Jeff Demps United States1 August 2007Knoxville17 years, 205 days
+0.9Jhevaughn Matherson Jamaica5 March 2016Kingston17 years, 7 days[89]
13 10.26+1.2Deworski Odom United States21 July 1994Lisbon17 years, 101 days
−0.1Sunday Emmanuel Nigeria18 March 1995Bauchi16 years, 161 days
15 10.27+0.2Henry Thomas United States19 May 1984Norwalk16 years, 314 days
+1.6Curtis Johnson United States30 June 1990Fresno16 years, 188 days
+1.0Ivory Williams United States8 June 2002Sacramento17 years, 37 days
−0.2Jazeel Murphy Jamaica23 April 2011Montego Bay17 years, 55 days
+1.9Raheem Chambers Jamaica20 April 2014Fort-de-France16 years, 196 days

Top 15 Youth (under-18) girls

Updated 5 January 2020[90]

RankTimeWind (m/s)AthleteNationDateLocationAgeRef
1 10.98+2.0Candace Hill United States20 June 2015Shoreline16 years, 129 days[76]
2 11.02+0.8Briana Williams Jamaica8 June 2019Albuquerque17 years, 79 days
3 11.10+0.9Kaylin Whitney United States5 July 2014Eugene16 years, 118 days[91]
4 11.13+2.0Chandra Cheeseborough United States21 June 1976Eugene17 years, 163 days
+1.6Tamari Davis United States9 June 2018Montverde15 years, 159 days
6 11.14+1.7Marion Jones United States6 June 1992Norwalk16 years, 238 days
−0.5Angela Williams United States21 June 1997Edwardsville17 years, 142 days
8 11.16+1.2Gabrielle Mayo United States22 June 2006Indianapolis17 years, 147 days
+0.9Kevona Davis Jamaica23 March 2018Kingston16 years, 93 days
10 11.17 A+0.6Wendy Vereen United States3 July 1983Colorado Springs17 years, 70 days
11 11.190.0Khalifa St. Fort Trinidad and Tobago16 July 2015Cali17 years, 153 days
12 11.20 A+1.2Raelene Boyle Australia15 October 1968Mexico City17 years, 144 days
13 11.24−1.0Ewa Swoboda Poland4 June 2015Sankt Pölten17 years, 313 days
14 11.24+1.2Jeneba Tarmoh United States22 June 2006Indianapolis16 years, 268 days
+0.8Jodie Williams Great Britain31 May 2010Bedford16 years, 245 days

Notes
  • Briana Williams ran 10.94 s at the Jamaican Championships on 21 June 2019, which would have been a world under-18 best time.[81] However, she tested positive for the banned diuretic hydrochlorothiazide during the competition. She was determined to be not at fault and received no period of ineligibility to compete, but her results from the Jamaican Championships were nullified.[82][83][84]

Para world records men
Jason Smyth (in lane five) breaking the men's T13 world record at the 2012 Paralympic Games in London.

Updated 6 October 2019[92]

Class Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref
T11 10.92 +1.8 David Brown  United States 18 April 2014 Walnut
T12 10.45 +1.8 Salum Ageze Kashafali  Norway 13 June 2019 Oslo [93]
T13 10.46 +0.6 Jason Smyth  Ireland 1 September 2012 London
T32 23.25 0.0 Martin McDonagh  Ireland 13 August 1999 Nottingham
T33 16.46 +1.3 Ahmad Almutairi  Kuwait 12 May 2015 Doha
+1.0 3 June 2017 Nottwil
T34 14.46 +0.6 Walid Ktila  Tunisia 1 June 2019 Arbon
T35 12.22 +0.7 Ihor Tsvietov  Ukraine 9 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [94]
T36 11.87 −0.5 Mohamad Ridzuan Mohamad Puzi  Malaysia 9 October 2018 Jakarta [95]
T37 11.42 +0.2 Charl du Toit  South Africa 10 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [96]
T38 10.74 −0.3 Hu Jianwen  China 13 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [97]
T42 12.56 −0.2 Record mark (previous record removed)  IPA 1 January 2019 Bonn
T43 vacant
T44 11.12 +0.1 Mpumelelo Mhlongo  South Africa 29 August 2019 Paris
T45 10.94 +0.2 Yohansson Nascimento  Brazil 6 September 2012 London
T46/47 10.50 +0.5 Petrucio Ferreira dos Santos  Brazil 15 June 2018 Paris
T51 19.89 +1.3 Peter Genyn  Belgium 31 May 2018 Nottwil
T52 16.41 +0.2 Raymond Martin  United States 30 May 2019 Arbon
T53 14.10 +0.7 Brent Lakatos  Canada 27 May 2017 Arbon
T54 13.63 +1.0 Leo-Pekka Tähti  Finland 1 September 2012 London
T61 12.77 −0.1 Ntando Mahlangu  South Africa 20 March 2019 Stellenbosch
T62 10.66 +1.3 Johannes Floors  Germany 21 June 2019 Leverkusen
T63 11.95 +1.9 Vinicius Goncalves Rodrigues  Brazil 25 April 2019 São Paulo
T64 10.61 +1.4 Richard Browne  United States 29 October 2015 Doha

Para world records women

Updated 4 September 2019[98]

Classification Time Wind (m/s) Athlete Nationality Date Place Ref
T11 11.91 +0.7 Libby Clegg  Great Britain 9 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [99]
T12 11.40 +0.2 Omara Durand  Cuba 9 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [100]
T13 11.79 +0.5 Leilia Adzhametova  Ukraine 11 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [101]
T32 37.67 0.0 Lindsay Wright  United Kingdom 25 July 1997 Nottingham
T33 19.89 +0.3 Shelby Watson  United Kingdom 26 May 2016 Nottwil
T34 16.80 +0.5 Kare Adenegan  United Kingdom 21 July 2018 London
T35 13.43 +0.9 Isis Holt  Australia 19 July 2017 London
T36 13.68 +1.5 Shi Yiting  China 20 July 2017 London
T37 13.10 +1.3 Mandy Francois-Elie  France 24 May 2019 Nottwil
T38 12.43 +1.3 Sophie Hahn  Great Britain 19 May 2019 Loughborough
T42 14.61 −0.2 Martina Caironi  Italy 30 October 2015 Doha [102]
T43 12.80 +1.0 Marlou van Rhijn  Netherlands 29 October 2015 Doha [103]
T44 12.72 +0.5 Irmgard Bensusan  Germany 24 May 2019 Nottwil [104]
12.72 +1.8 Irmgard Bensusan  Germany 21 June 2019 Leverkusen
T45 14.00 0.0 Giselle Cole  Canada 2 June 1980 Arnhem
T46/47 11.95 −0.2 Yunidis Castillo  Cuba 4 September 2012 London
T51 24.69 −0.8 Cassie Mitchell  United States 2 July 2016 Charlotte
T52 18.67 +1.7 Michelle Stilwell  Canada 14 July 2012 Windsor
T53 16.19 +1.0 Huang Lisha  China 8 September 2016 Rio de Janeiro [105]
T54 15.35 +1.9 Tatyana McFadden  United States 5 June 2016 Indianapolis
T61 21.58 −0.2 Erina Yuguchi  Japan 11 May 2019 Beijing
T62 13.63 +1.0 Fleur Jong  Netherlands 15 June 2019 Nijmegen
T63 14.61 −0.2 Martina Caironi  Italy 30 October 2015 Doha
T64 12.66 +0.5 Marlene van Gansewinkel  Netherlands 24 May 2019 Nottwil [104]

Olympic medallists
Further information: 100 metres at the Olympics

Men
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1896 Athens
 Thomas Burke
 United States		 Fritz Hofmann
 Germany		 Francis Lane
 United States
Alajos Szokolyi
 Hungary
1900 Paris
 Frank Jarvis
 United States		 Walter Tewksbury
 United States		 Stan Rowley
 Australia
1904 St. Louis
 Archie Hahn
 United States		 Nathaniel Cartmell
 United States		 William Hogenson
 United States
1908 London
 Reggie Walker
 South Africa		 James Rector
 United States		 Robert Kerr
 Canada
1912 Stockholm
 Ralph Craig
 United States		 Alvah Meyer
 United States		 Donald Lippincott
 United States
1920 Antwerp
 Charley Paddock
 United States		 Morris Kirksey
 United States		 Harry Edward
 Great Britain
1924 Paris
 Harold Abrahams
 Great Britain		 Jackson Scholz
 United States		 Arthur Porritt, Baron Porritt
 New Zealand
1928 Amsterdam
 Percy Williams
 Canada		 Jack London
 Great Britain		 Georg Lammers
 Germany
1932 Los Angeles
 Eddie Tolan
 United States		 Ralph Metcalfe
 United States		 Arthur Jonath
 Germany
1936 Berlin
 Jesse Owens
 United States		 Ralph Metcalfe
 United States		 Tinus Osendarp
 Netherlands
1948 London
 Harrison Dillard
 United States		 Barney Ewell
 United States		 Lloyd LaBeach
 Panama
1952 Helsinki
 Lindy Remigino
 United States		 Herb McKenley
 Jamaica		 McDonald Bailey
 Great Britain
1956 Melbourne
 Bobby Morrow
 United States		 Thane Baker
 United States		 Hector Hogan
 Australia
1960 Rome
 Armin Hary
 United Team of Germany		 Dave Sime
 United States		 Peter Radford
 Great Britain
1964 Tokyo
 Bob Hayes
 United States		 Enrique Figueroa
 Cuba		 Harry Jerome
 Canada
1968 Mexico City
 Jim Hines
 United States		 Lennox Miller
 Jamaica		 Charles Greene
 United States
1972 Munich
 Valeriy Borzov
 Soviet Union		 Robert Taylor
 United States		 Lennox Miller
 Jamaica
1976 Montreal
 Hasely Crawford
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Don Quarrie
 Jamaica		 Valeriy Borzov
 Soviet Union
1980 Moscow
 Allan Wells
 Great Britain		 Silvio Leonard
 Cuba		 Petar Petrov
 Bulgaria
1984 Los Angeles
 Carl Lewis
 United States		 Sam Graddy
 United States		 Ben Johnson
 Canada
1988 Seoul
 Carl Lewis
 United States		 Linford Christie
 Great Britain		 Calvin Smith
 United States
1992 Barcelona
 Linford Christie
 Great Britain		 Frankie Fredericks
 Namibia		 Dennis Mitchell
 United States
1996 Atlanta
 Donovan Bailey
 Canada		 Frankie Fredericks
 Namibia		 Ato Boldon
 Trinidad and Tobago
2000 Sydney
 Maurice Greene
 United States		 Ato Boldon
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Obadele Thompson
 Barbados
2004 Athens
 Justin Gatlin
 United States		 Francis Obikwelu
 Portugal		 Maurice Greene
 United States
2008 Beijing
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Richard Thompson
 Trinidad and Tobago		 Walter Dix
 United States
2012 London
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Yohan Blake
 Jamaica		 Justin Gatlin
 United States
2016 Rio
 Usain Bolt
 Jamaica		 Justin Gatlin
 United States		 Andre De Grasse
 Canada

Women
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1928 Amsterdam
 Betty Robinson
 United States		 Fanny Rosenfeld
 Canada		 Ethel Smith
 Canada
1932 Los Angeles
 Stanisława Walasiewicz
 Poland		 Hilda Strike
 Canada		 Wilhelmina von Bremen
 United States
1936 Berlin
 Helen Stephens
 United States		 Stanisława Walasiewicz
 Poland		 Käthe Krauß
 Germany
1948 London
 Fanny Blankers-Koen
 Netherlands		 Dorothy Manley
 Great Britain		 Shirley Strickland
 Australia
1952 Helsinki
 Marjorie Jackson
 Australia		 Daphne Hasenjager
 South Africa		 Shirley Strickland de la Hunty
 Australia
1956 Melbourne
 Betty Cuthbert
 Australia		 Christa Stubnick
 United Team of Germany		 Marlene Matthews
 Australia
1960 Rome
 Wilma Rudolph
 United States		 Dorothy Hyman
 Great Britain		 Giuseppina Leone
 Italy
1964 Tokyo
 Wyomia Tyus
 United States		 Edith McGuire
 United States		 Ewa Kłobukowska
 Poland
1968 Mexico City
 Wyomia Tyus
 United States		 Barbara Ferrell
 United States		 Irena Szewińska
 Poland
1972 Munich
 Renate Stecher
 East Germany		 Raelene Boyle
 Australia		 Silvia Chivás
 Cuba
1976 Montreal
 Annegret Richter
 West Germany		 Renate Stecher
 East Germany		 Inge Helten
 West Germany
1980 Moscow
 Lyudmila Kondratyeva
 Soviet Union		 Marlies Göhr
 East Germany		 Ingrid Auerswald
 East Germany
1984 Los Angeles
 Evelyn Ashford
 United States		 Alice Brown
 United States		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica
1988 Seoul
 Florence Griffith-Joyner
 United States		 Evelyn Ashford
 United States		 Heike Drechsler
 East Germany
1992 Barcelona
 Gail Devers
 United States		 Juliet Cuthbert
 Jamaica		 Irina Privalova
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
 Gail Devers
 United States		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica		 Gwen Torrence
 United States
2000 Sydney
 Vacant[106] Ekaterini Thanou
 Greece		 Merlene Ottey
 Jamaica
Tayna Lawrence
 Jamaica
2004 Athens
 Yulia Nestsiarenka
 Belarus		 Lauryn Williams
 United States		 Veronica Campbell
 Jamaica
2008 Beijing
 Shelly-Ann Fraser
 Jamaica		 Sherone Simpson
 Jamaica		 none awarded
Kerron Stewart
 Jamaica
2012 London
 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
 Jamaica		 Carmelita Jeter
 United States		 Veronica Campbell-Brown
 Jamaica
2016 Rio de Janeiro
 Elaine Thompson
 Jamaica		 Tori Bowie
 United States		 Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce
 Jamaica

World Championship medallists

Men
Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Calvin Smith (USA)  Emmit King (USA)
1987 Rome
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Raymond Stewart (JAM)  Linford Christie (GBR)
1991 Tokyo
  Carl Lewis (USA)  Leroy Burrell (USA)  Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1993 Stuttgart
  Linford Christie (GBR)  Andre Cason (USA)  Dennis Mitchell (USA)
1995 Gothenburg
  Donovan Bailey (CAN)  Bruny Surin (CAN)  Ato Boldon (TRI)
1997 Athens
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Donovan Bailey (CAN)  Tim Montgomery (USA)
1999 Seville
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Bruny Surin (CAN)  Dwain Chambers (GBR)
2001 Edmonton
  Maurice Greene (USA)  Bernard Williams (USA)  Ato Boldon (TRI)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Kim Collins (SKN)  Darrel Brown (TRI)  Darren Campbell (GBR)
2005 Helsinki
  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Michael Frater (JAM)  Kim Collins (SKN)
2007 Osaka
  Tyson Gay (USA)  Derrick Atkins (BAH)  Asafa Powell (JAM)
2009 Berlin
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Tyson Gay (USA)  Asafa Powell (JAM)
2011 Daegu
  Yohan Blake (JAM)  Walter Dix (USA)  Kim Collins (SKN)
2013 Moscow
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Nesta Carter (JAM)
2015 Beijing
  Usain Bolt (JAM)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Trayvon Bromell (USA)
 Andre De Grasse (CAN)
2017 London
  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Christian Coleman (USA)  Usain Bolt (JAM)
2019 Doha
  Christian Coleman (USA)  Justin Gatlin (USA)  Andre De Grasse (CAN)

Women
Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Marlies Oelsner-Göhr (GDR)  Marita Koch (GDR)  Diane Williams (USA)
1987 Rome
  Silke Gladisch-Möller (GDR)  Heike Daute-Drechsler (GDR)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1991 Tokyo
  Katrin Krabbe (GER)  Gwen Torrence (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)
1993 Stuttgart
  Gail Devers (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Gwen Torrence (USA)
1995 Gothenburg
  Gwen Torrence (USA)  Merlene Ottey (JAM)  Irina Privalova (RUS)
1997 Athens
  Marion Jones (USA)  Zhanna Pintusevich (UKR)  Savatheda Fynes (BAH)
1999 Seville
  Marion Jones (USA)  Inger Miller (USA)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2001 Edmonton
  Zhanna Pintusevich-Block (UKR)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)  Chandra Sturrup (BAH)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Torri Edwards (USA)  Chandra Sturrup (BAH)  Ekaterini Thanou (GRE)
2005 Helsinki
  Lauryn Williams (USA)  Veronica Campbell (JAM)  Christine Arron (FRA)
2007 Osaka
  Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Lauryn Williams (USA)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2009 Berlin
  Shelly-Ann Fraser (JAM)  Kerron Stewart (JAM)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2011 Daegu
  Carmelita Jeter (USA)  Veronica Campbell-Brown (JAM)  Kelly-Ann Baptiste (TRI)
2013 Moscow
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Murielle Ahouré (CIV)  Carmelita Jeter (USA)
2015 Beijing
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Dafne Schippers (NED)  Tori Bowie (USA)
2017 London
  Tori Bowie (USA)  Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV)  Dafne Schippers (NED)
2019 Doha
  Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce (JAM)  Dina Asher-Smith (GBR)  Marie-Josée Ta Lou (CIV)

See also

Notes
    1. It is widely believed that the anemometer was faulty for the race in which Florence Griffith Joyner set the official world record for the women's 100 m of 10.49 s.[1] A 1995 report commissioned by the IAAF estimated the true wind speed was between +5.0 m/s and +7.0 m/s, rather than the 0.0 recorded.[1] If this time, recorded in the quarter-final of the 1988 U.S. Olympic trials, were excluded, the world record would be 10.61 s, recorded the next day at the same venue by the same athlete in the final.[1][2]

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      100 metres
      1. not awarded
      2. Ekaterini Thanou 11.12 and Tayna Lawrence 11.18
      3. Merlene Ottey 11.19
      The IOC did not initially decide to regrade the results, as silver medalist Ekaterini Thanou had herself been subsequently involved in a doping scandal in the run-up to the 2004 Summer Olympics. After two years of deliberation, in late 2009 the IOC decided to upgrade Lawrence and Ottey to silver and bronze respectively, and leave Thanou as a silver medallist, with the gold medal withheld.
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