Setar

The Setar (Persian: سه‌تار‎, pronounced [seˈt̪ʰɒːɾ]), also spelled and romanized as Setaar or Setâr, is an Iranian musical instrument. It is a member of the lute family. It is played with the index finger of the right hand. The range of the setar spans more than two and a half octaves.

For other uses, see Setar (disambiguation).
For the Indian instrument, see Sitār.
Setaar
A typical Iranian setaar
String instrument
Classification Plucked
Hornbostel–Sachs classification321.321
Related instruments
Tambouras, Tar, Tanbur

At some point in the 18th Century, musicians added a fourth string, which most of the time is tune to the same pitch as the bass string.

The setar has 25–28 moveable frets. Frets are usually made of animal intestines ("gut"), although in the past strings were made of silk. Some modern commercial models feature frets made of nylon.

The setar originated in Persia before the spread of Islam,[1] and is related to the Tanbur. However, in recent centuries, the setar has evolved into something more closely resembling the Taar, both in tuning and playing style.

Etymology

The Persian word سه‌تار setâr is a combination of سه se—meaning "three"—and تار târ—meaning "string", therefore the word gives the meaning of "three-stringed" or "tri-stringed".

Uyghur variant

The Satar (Uyghur: ساتار‎ ; Chinese: 萨塔尔, Sàtǎ'ěr)[lower-alpha 1] is an important instrument in 12 muqam. It is a bowed lute with 13 strings, one raised bowing string and 12 sympathetic strings, tuned to the mode of the muqam or piece being played.

Notable setarists
Hossein Alizadeh playing Setar
* Hossein Alizadeh
Hafez Nazeri Playing the Setar, 2001

See also
See also: Lute § History and evolution of the lute

Notes
  1. The Chinese translation—萨塔尔, sàtǎ'ěr—is a transliteration of the original Persian loanword (via Uyghur).

References
  1. The Stringed Instrument Database
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