Second Chinese domination of Vietnam

In Vietnam history, the second Chinese domination marks the period from the 1st century to 6th century AD when present-day northern Vietnam (Jiaozhi) was governed by various Chinese dynasties. This period began when Han dynasty reconquered Giao Chỉ (Jiaozhi) from the Trưng Sisters and ended in 544 AD when Lý Bí revolted against the Liang dynasty and established the Early Lý dynasty. This period lasted about 500 years.

Second Chinese domination of Vietnam

Bắc thuộc lần thứ hai
43–544
Map of the Liang dynasty in 502
StatusDistrict of the Eastern Han dynasty-Eastern Wu-Jin dynasty-Liu Song dynasty-Southern Qi Dynasty-Liang dynasty
CapitalJiaozhi (Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ)
Common languagesOld Chinese
GovernmentMonarchy
Emperor 
 43-57
Emperor Guangwu of Han (First)
 229-252
Sun Quan of Eastern Wu
 266-290
Emperor Wu of Jin
 420-422
Emperor Wu of Liu Song
 479-482
Emperor Gao of Southern Qi
 502–544
Emperor Wu of Liang (Last)
History 
43
 Jiaozhi under Eastern Wu
222
 Jin dynasty unified China
265
420
 Jiaozhi under Southern Qi
479
502
 Lý Bí declare independence of Jiaozhi
544
Currencycash coins
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Trưng Sisters
Early Lý dynasty
Today part ofVietnam
China

Seven Chinese dynasties

Han style funerary house model found in Bỉm Sơn, Thanh Hóa. 1st-3rd century AD

Eastern Han dynasty

The Trung sisters' revolt was one of the few brief interruptions during the Chinese domination of Vietnam which continued from 111 BC to 939 AD. After the defeat of the Trung sisters, the Eastern Han dynasty regained over the region in 43 AD.

During the rule of Emperor Ling (168-189) of the Eastern Han, Lý Tiến was the first native of Jiaozhi to be the inspector of Jiaozhou. Lý Tiến then petitioned the Han emperor to allow natives of Jiaozhi to be officers and mandarins in the Han court, but the emperor only accepted the ones who were awarded maocai (茂才) or xiaolian (孝廉) titles. Another native of Jiaozhi named Lý Cầm petitioned the throne and eventually the natives were allowed to take higher positions in other regions of the Han empire. For example, a Jiaozhi native named Trương Trọng was grand administrator of the Jincheng Commandery.

As the Eastern Han dynasty weakened, the Viceroy of Giao Chỉ Shi Xie briefly ruled Vietnam as an autonomous warlord from 206 to 210 AD before pledging royalty to Eastern Wu.[1]

Three Kingdoms eras

When the Eastern Han dynasty split into the Three Kingdoms in 220, Jiaozhi was under the control of the state of Wu. A rebel named Triệu Thị Trinh briefly challenged the Chinese rulers in 248, but was soon subdued.

Jin and Southern dynasties

Jiaozhi was under Jin China and the Southern and Northern Dynasties of Liu Song, Southern Qi and Liang. Chinese rule ended by 544, when Lý Nam Đế revolted.[2]

Uprisings

Local rebellions were organized by:

  • Chu Đạt 156160
  • Lương Long 178181
  • Khu Liên 192, who founded the Champa kingdom.
  • Triệu Chỉ 299319
  • Lương Thạch 319323
  • Lý Trường Nhân and Lý Thúc Hiến 468485

References

Bibliography

  • Taylor, Keith Weller. (1983). The Birth of Vietnam (illustrated, reprint ed.). University of California Press. ISBN 0520074173. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  • Vietnam
Preceded by
Trưng Sisters
Dynasty of Vietnam
43–544
Succeeded by
Anterior Lý Dynasty
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