Schmalkalden

First mentioned in an 874 deed, Smalcalta in the Frankish duchy of Thuringia received town privileges about 1180. When Landgrave Henry Raspe of Thuringia died without issue in 1247, it passed to the House of Henneberg-Schleusingen, while the major part of the landgraviate fell to the House of Wettin in Meissen. To secure their acquisition the Counts of Henneberg allied with the Landgraviate of Hesse, including the conclusion of an inheritance treaty. In 1360, together with Landgrave Henry II of Hesse they paid off Frederick V, Burgrave of Nuremberg, son of Elisabeth of Henneberg.

Schmalkalden, Matthäus Merian, Topographia Hassiae, engraving, 1655

In 1531 the town hall of Schmalkalden was the site of the establishment of the Schmalkaldic League by Protestant princes under the lead of Landgrave Philip I of Hesse, in order to protect religious and political interests within their domains. In 1537 the Smalcald Articles were drawn up by Martin Luther, Philipp Melanchthon and other reformers.

When the Counts of Henneberg became extinct in 1583, their share was inherited by William IV, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. William made the town a residence and had Wilhelmsburg Castle erected, finished in 1590. The Lordship of Schmalkalden remained an exclave of Hesse, from 1868 on it was part of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau until it was incorporated into the Province of Saxony in 1944 and in 1945 became part of the State of Thuringia.

The town sustained heavy bomb damage in World War II. From 1949 on, with Thuringia, it formed part of East Germany. After reunification it attained its present political configuration. In July 2018 the former municipality of Springstille was merged into Schmalkalden.

• 
  St. George Church
• 
  Wilhelmsburg
• 
  Marketplace Schmalkalden
• 
  Frame House near Marketplace
• 
  Church St. George
• 
  Row of Houses at Marketplace

Lordship of Schmalkalden Herrschaft Schmalkalden
1247–1583
Status	State of the Holy Roman Empire
Capital	Schmalkalden
Government	Principality
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Acquired by Henneberg	1247
• Joint rule with Hesse	1360
• To Hesse-Kassel	1583
• To Thuringia	1944
Preceded by Succeeded by Landgraviate of Thuringia Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel

• Christoph Cellarius, scholar, born 22 November 1638, died 4 June 1707 in Halle
• Christian Karl August Ludwig von Massenbach, colonel, born 16 April 1758, died 21 November 1827 at Białokosz
• Karl Wilhelm, choral director, born 5 September 1815, died 26 August 1873 in Schmalkalden
• Otto H. Schade, television pioneer, born 27 April 1903, died 28 April 1981 in West Caldwell, New Jersey
• Angela Steinmüller, mathematician and science fiction author, born 1941
• Frank Luck, biathlete, born 5 December 1967
• Sven Fischer, biathlete, born 16 April 1971
• Steffi Jacob, skeleton racer, born 30 September 1975
• Kati Wilhelm, biathlete, born 2 August 1976
• Alexander Wolf, biathlete, born 21 December 1978

Schmalkalden is twinned with:

• Fontaine, Isère, France
• Recklinghausen, Germany

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Schmalkalden". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.