STS-45

STS-45 was a 1992 Space Shuttle mission using the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Its almost nine-day scientific mission was with a non-deployable payload of instruments. It was the 46th Space Shuttle mission and the 11th for Atlantis.

STS-45
Components of the ATLAS-1 laboratory in the payload bay of Atlantis
Mission typeResearch
OperatorNASA
COSPAR ID1992-015A
SATCAT no.21915
Mission duration8 days, 22 hours, 9 minutes, 28 seconds
Distance travelled5,211,340 kilometers (3,238,180 mi)
Orbits completed143
Spacecraft properties
SpacecraftSpace Shuttle Atlantis
Landing mass93,009 kilograms (205,050 lb)
Payload mass9,947 kilograms (21,929 lb)
Crew
Crew size7
Members
Start of mission
Launch date24 March 1992, 13:13:39 (1992-03-24UTC13:13:39Z) UTC
Launch siteKennedy LC-39A
End of mission
Landing date2 April 1992, 11:23 (1992-04-02UTC11:24Z) UTC
Landing siteKennedy SLF Runway 33
Orbital parameters
Reference systemGeocentric
RegimeLow Earth
Perigee altitude282 kilometres (175 mi)
Apogee altitude294 kilometres (183 mi)
Inclination57.0 degrees
Period90.3 min

Left to right - Seated: Duffy, Bolden; Standing: Lichtenberg, Foale, Leestma, Sullivan, Frimout
 

Crew

Position Astronaut
Commander Charles F. Bolden, Jr.
Third spaceflight
Pilot Brian Duffy
First spaceflight
Mission Specialist 1 Kathryn D. Sullivan
Third and last spaceflight
Mission Specialist 2 David C. Leestma
Third and last spaceflight
Mission Specialist 3 Michael Foale
First spaceflight
Payload Specialist 1 Dirk Frimout , ESA
Only spaceflight
Payload Specialist 2 Byron K. Lichtenberg
Second and last spaceflight

Backup crew

Position Astronaut
Payload Specialist 1 Michael Lampton
First spaceflight
Payload Specialist 2 Charles R. Chappell
First spaceflight

Crew seating arrangements

Seat[1] Launch Landing
Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.
S1 Bolden Bolden
S2 Duffy Duffy
S3 Sullivan Foale
S4 Leestma Leestma
S5 Foale Sullivan
S6 Frimout Frimout
S7 Lichtenberg Lichtenberg

Mission highlights

Space Shuttle Atlantis lands at the conclusion of STS-45 mission.

Atlantis was launched on 24 March 1992, at 8:13 am EST. The launch was originally scheduled for 23 March, but was delayed by one day because of higher-than-allowable concentrations of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen in the orbiter's aft compartment during tanking operations. During troubleshooting, the leaks could not be reproduced, leading engineers to believe that they were the result of plumbing in the main propulsion system not thermally conditioned to the cryogenic propellants; the launch was rescheduled for 24 March. Atlantis weighed 105,982 kilograms (233,650 lb) at launch.

STS-45 carried the first Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-1) experiments, placed on Spacelab pallets mounted in the orbiter's payload bay. The non-deployable payload, equipped with 12 instruments from the United States, France, Germany, Belgium, Switzerland, the Netherlands and Japan, conducted studies in atmospheric chemistry, solar radiation, space plasma physics and ultraviolet astronomy. ATLAS-1 instruments included the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS); Grille Spectrometer; Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS); Imaging Spectrometric Observatory (ISO); Atmospheric Lyman-Alpha Emissions (ALAE); Atmospheric Emissions Photometric Imager (AEPI); Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators (SEPAC); Active Cavity Radiometer (ACR); Measurement of Solar Constant (SOLCON); Solar Spectrum (SOLSPEC); Solar Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SUSIM); and Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope (FAUST). Other payloads included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) experiment, a Get Away Special (GAS) experiment and six mid-deck experiments.

The mission was extended by a day in order to continue science experiments. The landing occurred on 2 April 1992, 6:23 am EST, on Runway 33 of the Shuttle Landing Facility, located at the Kennedy Space Center. The rollout distance was 2,812 metres (9,226 ft) and Atlantis weighed 93,005 kilograms (205,041 lb) on landing.

Mission Insignia

The Mission insignia covers all aspects of the flight, by featuring Earth and the Sun, and the orbiter on high inclination, as to illustrate the high importance of the mission. The names of all flying members are included in the band, separated by stars. In the 'ring' at the bottom right, a single star is included, separating the unmentioned names of the alternate mission specialists, who are therefore indirectly included; a first and unique tribute to a support crew. Dirk Frimout is the first Belgian citizen to fly into space, and the only one to fly on a Space Shuttle (the other is Frank De Winne (who flies to the International Space Station via Soyuz as mission commander), as the Space Shuttle program was terminated at the time of the latter's flight), but to keep the focus on the mission, no national flag is added nor the customary logo of the ESA, but the mission main objective, ATLAS, is included below instead.

See also

Sources

 This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

References

  1. "STS-45". Spacefacts. Retrieved 4 March 2014.

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