Rafinesquina

Rafinesquina is an extinct genus of large brachiopod that existed from the Darriwilian to the Ludlow epoch.[1]

Not to be confused with Rafinesquia.

Rafinesquina
Temporal range: Darriwilian–Ludlow
Rafinesquina ponderosa shell encrusted by the Tabulate coral Protaraea richmondensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Lophophorata
Phylum: Brachiopoda
Class: †Strophomenata
Order: †Strophomenida
Family: †Rafinesquinidae
Subfamily: †Rafinesquininae
Genus: †Rafinesquina
Clarke and Hall, 1892
Type species
Leptaena alternata
Conrad, 1838
Species

See Species

Description

Rafinesquina's members were epifaunal, meaning they lived on top of the seafloor, not buried within it, and were suspension feeders.[2] Rafinesquina normally have a concavo-convex profile, with radiating striae of alternating size which are crossed with finer concentric striae.[2] Their width is usually greater than their length, like most Strophomenids. Members of this genus had shells that grew in increments, with each increment forming a layer of the shell (much like trees do with their rings). in 1982, Gary D. Rosenberg used this fact along with samples of Rafinesquina alternata previously inferred to have lived in a shallow subtidal environment to estimate the total number of days in a lunar month (the period between full moons) during the Late Ordovician.[3]

Distribution

Rafinesquina specimens had a cosmopolitan distribution, and their fossils can be found in the Americas, Europe, and Asia.[1][4][5][6]

Species

Species in the genus Rafinesquina include:[5][6][7]

  • R. alternata (Conrad, 1838)
  • R. declivis (James, 1874)
  • R. delicata Williams, 1974
  • R. deltoidea (Conrad, 1838)
  • R. insidiosa Williams, 1962
  • R. jeffersonensis Bradley, 1930
  • R. latisculptilus (Savage, 1913)
  • R. lignani Vilas, 1985
  • R. mesicosta Shumard, 1860
  • R. mucronata Foerste, 1914
  • R. nasuta (Emmons, 1842)
  • R. oanduensis Oraspold, 1956
  • R. orvikui Oraspold, 1956
  • R. percensis Cooper and Kindle, 1936
  • R. planulata Cooper, 1956
  • R. ponderosa Hayes and Ulrich, 1903
  • R. pseudoloricata (Barrande, 1848)
  • R. relicula Benedetto, 1995
  • R. stropheodontoides (Savage, 1913)
  • R. trentonensis (Hall, 1847)
  • R. ultrix Marek and Havlíček, 1967
  • R. urbicola Marek and Havlíček, 1967

References
  1. Colmenar, Jorge (2016). "Ordovician rafinesquinine brachiopods from peri-Gondwana" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 61 (2): 293–326. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  2. Stigall, Alycia. "Rafinesquina". Atlas of Ordovician Life. National Science Foundation. Retrieved 26 March 2020.
  3. Rosenberg, Gary (1982). "Growth rhythms in the brachiopod Rafinesquina alternata from the Late Ordovician of southeastern Indiana". Paleobiology. 8 (4): 389–401. doi:10.1017/S0094837300007132. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  4. Global Biodiversity Information Facility
  5. Paleobiology Database
  6. Fossilworks
  7. Catalog of Life


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