Plains Miwok language

Plains Miwok, also known as Valley Miwok, was one of the Miwok languages spoken in central California by the Plains Miwok people. It was spoken in the deltas of the San Joaquin and Cosumnes Rivers. Plains Miwok was once one of the most populous Miwok languages. All of the population has shifted to English.

Plains Miwok
Native toUnited States
EthnicityPlains and Sierra Miwok
Extinctmaybe 1960s; 1 speaker in 1962[1]
or 1990s[2]
Yok-Utian
  • Utian
    • Miwokan
      • Eastern
        • Plains Miwok
Language codes
ISO 639-3pmw
Glottologplai1259[3]

Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
Stop plain p t k ʔ '
voiced (b) (d) (ɡ)
Affricate tʃ c
Nasal m n ŋ
Fricative s h
Tap (ɾ) r
Approximant w l j j

Phonemes in parentheses are taken from Spanish loan words. Allophones of /b tʃ ɡ n s/ include [β ts ɣ ŋ ʂ].[4]

Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i ɨ y u
Mid e ə o
Open a

References
  1. H. Landar in Sebeok (1977)
  2. Plains Miwok at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  3. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Plains Miwok". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. Callaghan, Catherine A. (1984). Plains Miwok Dictionary. University of California Press.
  • Callaghan, Catherine A. Plains Miwok Dictionary. University of California Publications in Linguistics, vol. 105. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
  • Plains Miwok Indians. "Rodriguez-Nieto Guide" Sound Recordings (California Indian Library Collections), LA008. Berkeley: California Indian Library Collections, 1993. "Sound recordings reproduced from the Language Archive sound recordings at the Language Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley".


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