Karkin language

The Karkin language (also called Los Carquines in Spanish) is one of eight Ohlone languages. It was formerly spoken in north central California, but by the 1950s there were no more native speakers.[2] The language was historically spoken by the Karkin people, who lived in the Carquinez Strait region in the northeast portion of the San Francisco Bay estuary.[3]

Karkin
Native toUnited States
RegionCalifornia
EthnicityKarkin people
Extinct1950s
Language codes
ISO 639-3krb
Glottologkark1259[1]

Karkin's only documentation is a single vocabulary obtained by linguist-missionary Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta at Mission Dolores in 1821.[4] Although meager, the records of Karkin show that it constituted a distinct branch of Ohlone, strikingly different from the neighboring Chochenyo Ohlone language and other Ohlone languages spoken farther south.[5]

Notes
  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Karkin". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. "Karkin." Ethnologue. Retrieved 22 July 2012.
  3. Milliken 1995:238
  4. Milliken 2008:6
  5. Beeler 1961

References
  • Beeler, Madison S. 1961. "Northern Costanoan." International Journal of American Linguistics 27: 191–197.
  • Callaghan, Catherine A. 1997. "Evidence for Yok-Utian." International Journal of American Linguistics 63:18–64.
  • Golla, Victor. 2007. "Linguistic Prehistory." California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, eds., pp. 71–82. New York: Altamira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0872-1.
  • Milliken, Randall T. 1995. A Time of Little Choice: The Disintegration of Tribal Culture in the San Francisco Bay Region, 1769–1810. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press.
  • Milliken, Randall T. 2008. Native Americans at Mission San Jose. Banning, CA: Malki-Ballena Press. ISBN 978-0-87919-147-4.

Further reading
  • Callaghan, C.A. 1988. "Karkin Revisited." International Journal of American Linguistics 54: 436–452.
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